On the way to exile, Qu Yuan heard the bad news of sudden death and the attack on Tancheng, but he was so desperate that he sighed and jumped into the turbulent Guluo River. Fishermen on the river and people on the shore.
I heard that Dr. Qu Yuan had jumped into the river, and everyone came to the river to salvage Qu Yuan's body. This custom later evolved into dragon boat racing. People take zongzi and eggs from home and throw them into the river so that the fish won't bite the doctor.
There are doctors who pour realgar wine into the river, so that the medicine can stun the dragon water beast and prevent Dr. Qu Yuan from being hurt. Soon, a dizzy dragon floated to the surface, and his beard was still covered with a skirt of Dr. Qu.
People pull dragons ashore, remove tendons, and then wrap dragon tendons around children's hands and necks, wiping their seven orifices with realgar wine. Some even write the word "Wang" on the children's foreheads, so that those poisonous snakes and pests dare not hurt them.
Extended data
Chu Huaiwang's early death in Qin Dynasty was a tragicomedy. In the early period of Chu Huaiwang's rule (328 BC-365438 BC+03 BC), Chu was very rich and wanted to be strong, so this stage was comedy. However, from 3 12 BC, Chu lost in Danyang and Lantian battles, and the comedy of Chu turned from prosperity to decline, which instantly turned into tragedy.
Chu Huaiwang's tragedy lasted until his guest died in the state of Qin. The emergence and continuation of the tragedy is related to Chu Huaiwang's unclear understanding of the general trend, improper employment and low personal emotional intelligence. At the same time, it is also related to the defects of Chu's own power and talent system and the corruption of Chu ministers. Win fame before and after death. After Chu Huaiwang's death, people's evaluation of him was contrary to his own life, and he experienced a process from sadness to joy.
Before the 1980 s, historians and literary circles mostly held a negative attitude towards him. Since the reform and opening up, academic circles have re-examined Chu Huaiwang on the basis of underground unearthed materials and affirmed his achievements.
Chu Huaiwang's tragicomedy before and after his death reflects the complexity of Chu Huaiwang himself. At the beginning of Chu Huaiwang's administration, he had a strong desire and his original intention was worthy of recognition. However, the decline of Chu also has personal reasons. He was loyal to the country, showed a high degree of integrity and won the respect of future generations.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Chu Huaiwang
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan
Historical story of Qin dynasty: Bolangsha iron cone attacked the king of Qin.
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he burned books to bury Confucianism and built Epang Palace, which caused widespread indignation and resentment. Zhang Lianghuai, a talent who saved the world and hated the country, became close friends with the Hercules Canghaigong, plotting to assassinate the former emperor and avenge the people. They ambushed in Bolangsha. When the motorcade of the first emperor passed by, Neptune threw an iron cone of120kg, which made a tearing sound like a crack. The guards around were stunned by the sound, and the iron cone accurately hit the first emperor's car. The car suddenly shattered and sawdust splashed everywhere, except the first emperor. It turned out that the first emperor knew that the world was full of grievances, so he prepared a second car to prevent assassination. Sean realized that he had missed a blow, so he remained anonymous and concentrated on his research. Later, Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, helped him plan and created a great man who burned his bridges at the end of the Qin Dynasty. Qin's army besieged Zhao's army in Julu, ready to be wiped out. At this time, Zhao asked for help and sent Xiang Yu to clear the way. After Xiang Yu led the army to cross the river, he ordered his men to scuttle all the ships, smash all the rice cookers and burn all the houses on the shore, so as to motivate the soldiers and show that they would fight to the end and never give in. After fierce fighting, the Chu army surrounded Qin Jun, cut off Qin Jun's grain transportation route, defeated Qin Jun and won. Who is Zhao Gao, the eunuch, and Zhao Gao? It is really puzzling that the Qin Dynasty was defeated by a eunuch. However, Zhao Gao must have his purpose. Later, it was finally discovered that Zhao Gao was a descendant of the original Zhao aristocrat. After Qin Shihuang destroyed Zhao, his father was guilty, so he was convicted and imprisoned and became a eunuch. It was for revenge that Zhao Gaocai managed to get close to Qin Shihuang and gain his favor. When Qin Shihuang was around, he was afraid of the majesty of Ying Zheng, so he took Gou Jian, the King of Yue, as an example and worked for Qin with humiliation. After the death of Qin Shihuang, he began to plan a series of plans to make Hu Hai emperor. Finally, he used Hu Hai to gain power and designed the decline of the Qin Dynasty step by step to gain his own benefits. Qin Shihuang made a will to let his eldest son Fu Su inherit the throne. At that time, imperial edicts and political orders were handed over to Zhao's master. When the emperor died, Prime Minister Reese was selfish, fearing that the new king would lose his position when he acceded to the throne. As he hesitated, Zhao Gao saw through his heart, so he was afraid of chaos and immediately revealed that Qin Shihuang was dead. Then Zhao Gaoxian went to his second son, Hu Hai, to persuade Hu Hai to code and seize the throne. Hu Hai began to disobey his father's orders and thought he should obey his father's orders. If he abandons his brother and sets up a younger brother, he is suspected of injustice, disobeys his father's wishes and relies on others' help, which is also a sign of incompetence. Doing that kind of incompetent and unjust behavior will inevitably attract the opposition of the whole world and even harm the whole country. However, after all, Zhao Gao is Hu Hai's teacher for many years, and he knows Hu Hai's worries. He used the ancient Tang and Wu Dynasties to justify killing the host country. Wei Jun was convinced by the story and even Confucius thought it was not unfilial. Then Zhao Gao found Reese and told her what was in her heart, saying, "If Fu Su becomes emperor, you will definitely reuse General Meng Tian as the prime minister. You just need to go back to your hometown to support the elderly." Although Reese is a famous figure, he is a person who is very jealous of talents and cherishes fame and fortune. When he was a Tingwei, he tried to force others to commit suicide because Han Fei was more talented than himself. After weighing the pros and cons, Zhao Gao repeatedly explained that he finally agreed to support Hu Hai's accession to the throne. So the three forged two letters, one made Hu Hai a prince, and the other accused the sons Fu Su and Montaigne 10 of not being enterprising, spending money like water, slandering the emperor many times, being unfilial and disloyal, and demanding that Fu Su and Montaigne commit suicide. Fu Su was kind in nature and believed it. He committed suicide at that time, but Meng Tian couldn't stop him. But in order not to die unjustly, he didn't commit suicide, and finally he had to be imprisoned in Yanggu. After Fu Su's death, Zhao Gao and Reese immediately sent out an obituary as Qin Shihuang and made Hu Hai the second. After Zhao Gao supported Hu Hai to proclaim himself emperor, he set a trap for his power establishment step by step. He got Reese off the stage first, and then got rid of all the ministers who opposed him one by one, so that Hu Hai's real power was overhead and the whole state affairs were compiled in his own hands. In 207 BC, seeing that the Qin regime had reached the point where people were distracted, Qin Ershi, who only cared about his own enjoyment, became a heartless and bad king in people's minds. Zhao Gao took advantage of the people's anger to let his son-in-law Yan Le lead the troops into the temple to kill Hu Hai. After Hu Hai's death, Zhao Gao thought that the public anger had subsided, so he made Hu Hai's nephew Zi Ying emperor. Zi Ying was so clever that he had the idea of getting rid of Zhao Gao. Zi Ying and his two sons conspired to deceive Zhao Gao, so that he was killed in the Imperial Palace and three eunuchs were killed. From then on, the eunuch chaos had to be calmed down. It's a pity that at this time, the Qin Dynasty has exhausted the luck of eunuchs, and it is difficult for Zi Ying to save the country even if he has ambitions. Therefore, I think the Qin Dynasty was not defeated by Qin Ershi, but by a series of tyranny manipulated by eunuchs. When calling a deer a horse Qin Ershi, Prime Minister Zhao Gao was ambitious and planned to usurp the throne day and night. However, he doesn't know how many people can be at his mercy and how many people are against him. So he thought of a way to test his prestige and find out who dared to oppose him. One day, Zhao Gao brought a deer into the palace and said to Qin Ershi with a big smile, "Your Majesty, I will give you a good horse." Qin Ershi looked at it and thought: This is not a horse, this is obviously a deer! He smiled and said to Zhao Gao, "The Prime Minister has made a mistake. This is a deer. How can you say it's a horse? " Zhao Gao deadpan, without jumping, said: "Please see clearly, this is really a good horse." Qin Ershi looked at the deer again and said incredulously, "Why does a horse have horns on its head?" Seeing that the time had come, Zhao Gao turned around, pointed at the ministers and said loudly, "If your majesty doesn't believe me, you can ask the ministers." Ministers were all at a loss by Zhao Gao's nonsense, and whispered privately: What is this Zhao Gao doing? It's obviously a deer or a horse! Ministers see Zhao Gao sinister smile on his face, eyes staring at you in turn, suddenly understand Zhao Gao's intention. Some timid people with a sense of justice bow their heads and dare not speak, because telling lies is sorry for their conscience, and telling the truth is afraid of being hurt by Zhao Gao in the future. Some honest people insist that this is a deer rather than a horse. There are also some adulterers who usually follow Zhao Gao closely and immediately support Zhao Gao's statement and say to the emperor, "This is indeed a swift horse!" Afterwards, Zhao Gao punished those honest ministers who did not obey him by various means, and even copied them. Why did Chu Huaiwang prefer to die as a prisoner in the State of Qin, but said he didn't want to return to China to be king? It's not that he doesn't want to go back to Chu. Every time you run away, you get caught back. Once or twice, he still has a strong heart After a long time, his heart will be very tired and tired. Thinking about staying quietly in Qin, it's embarrassing to be caught back every time. Besides, a country cannot live without a monarch for a day. He has not returned to his own country and has established a new monarch. What if he goes back?
Chu Huaiwang, surnamed Mi, was an important figure in the history of Chu during the Warring States Period. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Huaiwang's ancestors left us a story of "If you don't sing, it will be a blockbuster", and many people will use this story to describe those talented people. At that time, Xiong Huai inherited the throne. At that time, Chu was in its heyday, but after listening to others' provocation, he gradually alienated Qu Yuan, so that Qu Yuan finally voted for Jiang. I didn't expect to die in a foreign country and end my miserable life.
Zhao Haoqi of Qin invited Chu Huaiwang to hold a meeting in Wuguan, which is when Chu Huaiwang was taken hostage, and he would not be allowed to return to Chu until he ceded territory, so there has been a stalemate. Chu Huaiwang is also a stubborn man. He disagreed with King Qin Zhao and wouldn't let him go back. Chu has also chosen a new monarch and can't go back.
He wanted to get rid of the life under house arrest, and he was arrested once after a trip. He was full of confidence from the beginning and had to go home until he finally gave up. I live in the state of Qin. Slowly, he also became particularly depressed. Thinking that there is no place to go home, let's spend the rest of our lives in Chu. This is why Chu Huaiwang would rather stay in the state of Qin all his life than go back.
Chu Huaiwang, cheated twice, fled back to Qin. Why didn't he go back to Chu and continue to be king? Because when Chu Huaiwang was captured by Qin, his son had become the new king of Chu. A country cannot have two kings. Even if he escaped from the State of Qin, no country dared to offend the State of Qin to take him in. Finally, he was taken back by Qin Jun and died in the State of Qin.
The king of Chu was cheated for the first time because of Zhang Yi. Zhang Yi is a famous strategist in history. He lobbied the King of Chu to form an alliance with the State of Qin to jointly fight against the State of Qi. The king of Chu believed it and sent an envoy to the State of Qi to insult him. As a result, Chyi Chin and China formed an alliance to attack Chu, and the king of Chu had to cede territory to pay reparations. And sent his prince to the state of Qin as a hostage.
Unexpectedly, the prince of Chu killed the king of Qin and fled back to Chu, which was used by Qin as an excuse to crusade against Chu. When the king of Chu made a letter to make peace, Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, pretended to invite the king of Chu to negotiate with the State of Qin. Wang Gang of Chu State was detained when he arrived in Qin State, which was the second time he was cheated.
The king of Chu was humiliated in the state of Qin, but finally escaped but never returned to the country, and finally died in the state of Qin. After the death of the King of Chu, the Qin people returned his body to the State of Chu, and he was able to return to his own country.
In early history, Chu Huaiwang was a king with great ambitions. He attaches great importance to Qu Yuan and other ministers at home. He is not afraid of power abroad and will never give up his country. But in the later period, he paid more attention to courtiers and liked aristocratic and hedonistic culture. At that time, the state of Qin was already very powerful, and King Hui of Qin made good use of the art of war, so the reputation of King Chu I could not escape being cheated.
More sadly, Chu Huaiwang's son never cared about his father's life and death in the enemy country after he acceded to the throne. Not only does he never ask questions, but it makes people feel embarrassed. Facts have proved that the cruel law of survival can't be lucky, and the king of Chu is delusional and finally ends up like this.
Chu Huaiwang introduced Xiong Huai of Chu Huaiwang (about 355 years ago-296 years ago) from Guangling of Hubei (now Jingzhou of Hubei). He was the son of Chu Weiwang, the father of King Xiang of Chu, and the King of Chu in the Warring States Period. His reign lasted from 328 to 299.
At the beginning of the succession, Qu Yuan and others were appointed to carry out reforms, which defeated Wei, eliminated Yue and expanded the territory. Su Qin, a military strategist, once said, "The vertical union is the king of Chu, and the horizontal union is the emperor of Qin". In the later period of his administration, he made an alliance with Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, in Wuguan, and Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, detained him and threatened him to cede land. It is unrealistic for two countries to meet, let alone the monarch of a country that the alliance talks about. Prior to this, during the Spring and Autumn Period, King Chu Cheng detained Song Xianggong when he joined the EU, which set a precedent for destroying the etiquette of diplomatic relations.
Chu Huaiwang was detained for three years, but his son didn't want to save his father and became king by himself. The princes thought it was harmless to themselves and did not crusade. Chu Huaiwang refused to cede territory for the benefit of the country, so that Qin could not get the land, nor could it attack Chu under the pretext of signing a covenant. Chu was temporarily protected. Three years later, Chu Huaiwang died in Qin, and the catalpa coffin returned to Chu. "Chu people pity them, such as their relatives (Shi Ji Chu Shi Jia)."
Extended data:
The life of the character
In 328 BC, Xiong Huai, the son of Chu Weiwang, succeeded to the throne, and was called Chu Huaiwang in history. In the same year, Wei took advantage of Chu's funeral and cut Chu to take the trail mountain, but Chu did not strike back.
After nearly 60 years' rest and recuperation, the national strength reached its peak when he ascended the throne, and he was tied with the rising Chyi Chin as the three great powers. Chu became the largest country in the world at that time, and it was also the country with the richest products, the largest population and the strongest army.
In 323 BC, under the banner of sending Wei Gongzi back to Wei, Chu sent Sima Zhaoyang to lead the troops into Wei, defeated Wei Jun in Xiangling and won a decisive victory, which was a shame of blood mountain.
Chu Huaiwang ten years (3 19 BC), seeing that Qi had been overwhelmed, he and the King of the Han Dynasty quickly fell to Chu, saying that Wei had always followed Chu, and Qin's coercion could not make Wei break away from Chu, so he advised Qin to cut. Chu Huaiwang had intended to attack the increasingly powerful State of Qin after overwhelming the two great powers of Qi and Wei. Chu Huaiwang appointed Gongsun Yan as the general contact person to organize a joint attack on Qin.
Gongsun Yan is Ren Wei, who entered Wei from Chu, and discussed with Wei Huiwang the plan to attack Qin. Wei Huiwang ousted Yi, appointed Gongsun Yan as the new one, and expelled Yi Cheung back to Qin. Under the shuttle of Gongsun Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan and Yi Qu soon formed a situation in which the seven countries jointly attacked Qin.
In 3 18 BC, Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan and other countries were elected as vertical masters, attacking Qin from both sides. Chu Huaiwang became famous in one fell swoop, becoming another overlord after Wei Huiwang. However, due to the disloyalty of various countries, the alliance was broken by Qin. At this time, the three forces of Qi, Chu and Qin formed in the world, and Qi and Chu formed an alliance.
In 3 13 BC, the Qi-Chu allied forces captured Quwo of Qin State and cut off the tentacles of Qin Dong.
In 3 12 BC, Zhang Yi of Qin cheated Wang Huai and seized 600 Li of land ceded by Qin in exchange for cutting off Qi. I was cheated into breaking off diplomatic relations with Qi, leaving only six miles. King Huai was very angry and sent troops to attack the State of Qin. As a result, he was defeated by Andy in Danyang. Chu Huaiwang then called the national army to attack and was defeated by Lantian again. After that, the State of Qin captured Zhaoling in the first 3 1 1 year, and all three wars were defeated. Han and Wei took the opportunity to attack Chu's territory in the Central Plains, and Chu's great power status collapsed and declined.
In 306 BC, the State of Chu took advantage of the civil strife in the State of Yue, joined forces with the State of Qi to attack the State of Yue, occupied the capital of the State of Yue, killed the King of Yue, seized all the land from the former State of Wu to Zhejiang, and made Jiangdong the county. As a result, the state of Yue fell apart and the remnants fled to their hometowns. Children of all ethnic groups struggle for power and profit, some are kings, and some are kings, living in the coastal areas of the south of the Yangtze River.
In 30 1 year BC, Qi joined forces with Han and Wei, and defeated the Chu army in blowing sand. At the same time, Qin also sent troops to defeat Chu. Chu sank further.
In 299 BC, the State of Qin captured eight cities of Chu, and Zhao Haoqi, king of Qin, and Chu Huaiwang met at Wuguan. Chu Huaiwang didn't listen to the advice of Zhao Sui and Qu Yuan and decided to go to Wuguan. The result was detained by the state of Qin. The king of Qin forced him to cede territory to save his life, but Chu Huaiwang, who still shouldered a sense of national responsibility, flatly refused. The State of Qin failed to realize its long-cherished wish of seizing and easily obtaining the territory of Chu, so it had to be kept in prison. During Chu Huaiwang's detention, the Chu people made the prince king for the benefit of King Chu Qing.
In 297 BC, Chu Huaiwang fled, and the Qin people blocked the road to Chu. King Huai fled to Zhao, who dared not take him in. Chu Huaiwang tried to escape to Wei and was chased back by Qin.
In 296 BC, Chu Huaiwang died of depression. Qin returned the remains to Chu. "Chu people pity them, just like their relatives." .
Political measures
1, politics
In the early days, Chu Huaiwang appointed Zhao Yang, Shanxi Merchants, Shangguan Doctor, Zhao Sui, Zhuang Bian, Tang Mei, Qu Yuan, Zhao Hua, Chen Ke, Su Dai, Tian Ji and Gongsun Yan. Chu was once full of talents and the country was prosperous. Chu Huaiwang and Tang Mei actively reformed, restored many decrees mourning the King of Chu and Wuqi period, adjusted the power contrast of various contradictory interest groups in Chu, suppressed the aristocratic groups in Chu, and the reform touched the interests of the elite, which met with their resistance and failed. It was once pushed to the left and right length by the six Shandong countries.
He also took advantage of the civil strife in Vietnam to attack and destroy the country and set up Jiangdong County. However, in the middle and late period, I mistakenly believed in Zhang Yi, the lobbyist of the King of Qin, which destroyed the Qi-Chu alliance and lost to Qin, Qi and Hanzhong. When he was in office, he misused the suburbia, Shanxi merchants, Shangguan doctors, loved his wife, and rejected his left disciple Qu Yuan, which led to the downfall of state affairs. He was detained after entering Qin and died in Qin.
2. Economy
At that time, Chu opened up the Maritime Silk Road and conducted economic exchanges with some countries in West Asia and South Asia, which can confirm the statement that "the world is the largest country". In order to facilitate trade, the king of Chu specially cast the Golden Festival for the caravan. As long as the Golden Festival is produced, it will be exempted from customs duties. The sacrificial vessel is made of copper, with the inscription "If you get a golden festival, don't levy it" and "If you don't get a golden festival, levy it". Judging from the preferential treatment of national tax exemption, Chu has firmly controlled commerce in the hands of the government.
3. Military
After becoming the supreme ruler of Chu in 329 BC, it was once prominent. He made a northern expedition to Wei, attacking the city and plundering the land; Defeat the eastern countries and expand the territory of Jiangdong; In 3 18 BC, a seven-nation coalition was even organized to attack Qiang Qin in the west. The territory of Chu was once the largest country in the world at that time. However, it was bullied by Qin several times later, which led to defeat. Chu was defeated in Danyang and Lantian, and the land was abandoned.
4. Diplomacy
During his reign, the hegemony of Wei declined, the unitary politics of Chu changed into pluralistic politics, and the international struggle was fierce. Chu Huaiwang fought against the famous Wei Huiwang, Qi Weiwang, King Hui of Qin, King Wuling of Zhao, Yan Zhaowang, Qin Wuwang, King Zhao Haoqi of Qin and King Qimin during the Warring States Period. Chu is a country with many neighboring countries, and it is often the object of United front movement, and its situation is extremely complicated and difficult in international struggle.
Chu Huaiwang used King Hui of Qin to deal a heavy blow to the State of Qi. When the State of Qin was in civil strife because of the sudden death of Qin Wuwang, he tried his best to destroy Yue, the second largest country at that time, making Chu suddenly become a formidable giant, which caused great pressure on the countries in the Central Plains and caused panic in Qin, Qi, Korea and Wei. During the Chu Huaiwang period, Chu's foreign relations were divided into two stages: before the defeat of Yue, it was mainly at war with Qin, and after the defeat of Yue, it was mainly at war with Qi.
After Chu's death and Zhuang's rebellion in the early Tang Dynasty, the country declined greatly and was forced to make peace with Chyi Chin. Emperor Xuan of Qin took advantage of the opportunity to enter Qin, ignored the basic norms of international exchanges, forcibly detained and extorted land from Chu, which was sternly rejected.
Personality assessment
Chu began to learn the etiquette and musical civilization of the Central Plains. In Chu Huaiwang's generation, aristocratic etiquette and musical civilization have been deeply rooted in the bone marrow. Chu became strong by trampling on the ritual and music civilization, and was finally abandoned by history because it deviated from the ritual and music civilization. He betrayed the ritual and music civilization at the expense of his life, and broke the Covenant with Qi in order to covet the interests of Qin, which in itself was a blasphemy and deviation from the ritual and music civilization.
Facts have proved that at the end of the cruel Warring States period, any innocence and simplicity is an unbearable luxury. Only the flower of pragmatism as cold and hard as iron can bloom in this cold season.
Chu Huaiwang's early death in Qin Dynasty was a tragicomedy. In the early period of Chu Huaiwang's rule (328 BC-365438 BC+03 BC), Chu was very rich and wanted to be strong, so this stage was comedy. However, since 3 12, Chu was defeated in Danyang and Lantian, and the comedy of Chu turned from prosperity to decline, which instantly turned into tragedy.
Chu Huaiwang's tragedy lasted until his guest died in the state of Qin. The emergence and continuation of the tragedy is related to Chu Huaiwang's unclear understanding of the general trend, improper employment and low personal emotional intelligence. At the same time, it is also related to the defects of Chu's own power and talent system and the corruption of Chu ministers. Win fame before and after death. After Chu Huaiwang's death, people's evaluation of him was contrary to his own life, and he experienced a process from sadness to joy. Before the 1980 s, historians and literary circles mostly held a negative attitude towards him.
Since the reform and opening up, academic circles have re-examined Chu Huaiwang on the basis of underground unearthed materials and affirmed his achievements. Chu Huaiwang's tragicomedy before and after his death reflects the complexity of Chu Huaiwang himself. At the beginning of Chu Huaiwang's administration, he had a strong desire and his original intention was worthy of recognition. However, the decline of Chu also has personal reasons. He was loyal to the country, showed a high degree of integrity and won the respect of future generations.