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The author of Zuo Zhuan is still an unsolved mystery. Western Han historians Sima Qian, Ban Gu and others all believe that Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming. Sima Qian's Historical Records? The Chronicle of Twelve Governors said: "Zuo Qiuming, a gentleman of Lu, was afraid of heresy among his disciples, and each had his own opinions and lost his reason. Therefore, due to the historical records of Confucius, it became the Spring and Autumn Period of the Left. "Zhao Kuang in the Tang Dynasty first suspected that Zuo Zhuan was not written by Zuo Qiuming. Since then, many scholars have expressed doubts about this. Ye Mengde believes that the author came from the Warring States period; Zheng Qiao's Six Classics and Olympics is considered to be the Chu people in the Warring States Period. Zhu thought it was the post-Chu Zuo's leaning; Xiang Anshi thought it was done by Wei people; Cheng Duanxue thinks it is a fake book. Ji Yun in Qing Dynasty still thinks that it was written by Zuo Qiuming in the Catalogue of Siku Quanshu. Kang Youwei asserted in the late Qing Dynasty that it was forged by Liu Xin in the late Western Han Dynasty. However, Zuo Zhuan has been copied or quoted by many people before Liu Xin, and Kang's theory is difficult to establish. Today, it is believed that Wu Qi did it, and Zhao Guangxian thinks that it was done by Zuo Shi, a native of Lu during the Warring States Period. Most contemporary scholars believe that it was written by people in the early Warring States period. According to Yang Bojun's research, the book was written between 403 BC and 386 BC.
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Zuo Zhuan is an important book to record the social situation in the Spring and Autumn Period. The range of materials includes royal archives's and Lu's books, the history of vassal states, etc. The chronicle basically follows the order of the twelve princes in the Spring and Autumn Annals, including wars, alliances, conquests, weddings, funerals, usurpations, etc. , had an important influence on later history and literature. It mainly records the history of the decline of the royal family and the hegemony of princes in the Zhou Dynasty, and records and comments on various etiquette norms, laws and regulations, social customs, ethnic relations, moral concepts, astronomical geography, calendar seasons, ancient documents, myths and legends, and ballads. Jin Fanning commented on the characteristics of the three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals and said: "Zuo's family is gorgeous and rich, but its loss is also a witch." Gu Liang is clear and elegant, but its loss is short-lived. It is vulgar to argue about Ram. "
Zuo Zhuan is an important document to study the history of pre-Qin and the history of Spring and Autumn. It represents the highest achievement of pre-Qin historiography and has a great influence on later historiography, especially on establishing the status of chronological history books. It supplements and enriches the content of Chunqiu, which not only records the historical facts of Lu, but also records the history of various countries. Not only remember political events, but also widely involve "small things" in various fields of society; The first is to change the running account method of Chunqiu and replace it with a systematic and organized method of compiling history books; Not only did I remember the historical facts of the Spring and Autumn Period, but I also introduced many ancient historical facts. This greatly improved the historical value of Zuo Zhuan.
Because Zuo Zhuan has a strong Confucian tendency, emphasizing hierarchical order and patriarchal ethics, paying attention to the difference between the old and the young, and also showing the idea of "people-oriented", it is also an important historical material for studying Confucianism in the pre-Qin period. Although Zuo Zhuan is not a Confucian classic, it was written by self-learners and attached to Chunqiu, which was gradually regarded as a classic by Confucianism. Zuo Zhuan received academic attention in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and was annotated by Zheng Xuan and Du Fu successively. Later, it became an important classic in the study of Spring and Autumn Annals. Zuo Zhuan's position in historiography has always been commented as an important ancient book that opened Shiji and Hanshu after Shangshu and Chunqiu.
Zuo Zhuan is not only a historical work, but also an excellent literary work. It is manifested in the following aspects: it is good at describing war, so some people call it "cutting books with each other"; He is also good at portraying characters and attaching importance to recording words.
Stylistic rules and layout
According to the sequence of the twelve kings of Lu, the history of all parties is recorded. * * * 1.8 million words.
1. Yin Gong 1 1 year (722 BC-7 BC12 years).
2. Huan Gong 18 (7 BC11-694 BC)
3. Thirty-two years of Zhuang Gong (693 BC-662 BC)
4. Two years in Gong Min (66 BC1-660 BC).
5. Nuogong 33 years (659 BC-627 BC)
6. Wengong 18 (626 BC-609 BC)
7. Gong Xuan 18 year (608 BC-59 BC1year)
8. tribute 18 (590 BC-573 BC)
9. xianggong 3 1 year (572 BC-542 BC)
10. Thirty-two years in Zhao Gong (54 BC1year-5 BC1year).
1 1. Ding Gong 15 (509- 495 BC)
12. Twenty-seven years of mourning for the public (494 BC-468 BC)
13. At the end of the book, four years of mourning and the death of Zhibo are attached.
The literary color of Zuo Zhuan;
Although Zuo Zhuan is a historical work, it is different from Shangshu and Chunqiu in that it is "beautiful in charm and brilliant in writing" and is the most literary historical prose in the pre-Qin period.
First, literary tailoring and the story of historical time.
Second, the characterization of the characters is vivid and three-dimensional.
Third, vivid scene description and vivid detail description.
Fourth, he is good at writing diplomatic rhetoric and managing financial affairs.
To annotate ...
The main annotations of Zuo Zhuan are:
Justice in the Spring and Autumn Period and Zuo Zhuan, pre-annotation in Jin and Du Dynasties, justice in Tang and Kong Dynasties.
Zuo Zhuan was written by Hong in Qing Dynasty.
Biographies of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period and Old Notes written by Qing people.
Yang Bojun's Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period.
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