Although Monaco, San Marino and Vatican are not EU countries, they used to use French francs or Italian lira as their currencies, and they also used euros, and authorized to mint a small number of their own euro coins. Some non-EU countries and regions, such as Montenegro, Kosovo and Andorra, also use the euro as a payment tool.
The euro is managed by european system of central banks, which is composed of the European Central Bank and the central banks of the euro zone countries. The European Central Bank, headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany, has the power to independently formulate monetary policy. The central banks of euro zone countries participate in the printing, casting and distribution of euro banknotes and coins, and are responsible for the operation of the euro zone payment system.
1957 Rome treaty 1969 65438+February put forward the plan to establish the European economic and monetary union.
1969 In March, the Hague Conference of the European Community put forward the idea of establishing a European monetary union, and entrusted pierre werner, then Prime Minister of Luxemburg, with specific proposals in this regard.
1971March, the Werner Plan was passed, and the construction of the European single currency took the first step. The plan advocates the establishment of European economic and monetary union in three stages within 10 year. However, the subsequent oil crisis and financial turmoil stranded the Werner Plan.
1979 In March, with the advocacy and efforts of France and Germany, the European monetary system was proclaimed and the European monetary unit "ECU" was born. The European monetary system EMS (Economic Monetary System) began to operate.
1February 1986, the European Community signed the "Single European Document", proposing to establish a unified big market by the beginning of 1993 at the latest.
1In June 1989, the Delauer Report was adopted, which advocated the establishment of the European Economic and Monetary Union in three stages: the first step is to fully realize the free circulation of capital; The second step is to establish the European Monetary Bureau (the predecessor of the European Central Bank); The third step is to establish and implement a monetary union and replace the currencies of member countries with a single currency.
After the first phase of 1990 was officially launched, it was necessary to coordinate and unify the relevant monetary policies, and the central bank governors' committee began to play an increasingly important role. Subsequently, the status of the European Central Bank was finally established in the Maastricht Treaty.
The European Monetary Bureau was established at the beginning of the second phase of 1 June 19941Japan Economic and Monetary Union. Its task is to coordinate monetary policy, strengthen cooperation among central banks of member countries, and prepare for the establishment of european system of central banks. The power to formulate and implement monetary policies still belongs to member governments.
19911210, the European Community Summit adopted the Treaty on European Union (commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty) and decided to rename the European Community as the European Union. Mayo stipulates that the latest date is 1999 65438+ 10/month.