Lieutenant General Sun Jixian, the first commander of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China, was the battalion commander of Red 1st Division, Red 1st Regiment and Red 1st Battalion of the Red 1st Army during the Long March. He personally selected and led the seventeen warriors to cross the Dadu River, which opened a gap in the natural barrier that the enemy regarded as difficult to fly and opened a passage for the Central Red Army to go north.
The Red Army crossed the Dadu River and wrote a glorious page in the history of China's revolutionary war.
Name of Basic Introduction: Forcing Dadu River Location: Anshunchang, Yuexi County, Sichuan Province (now Shimian County, Sichuan Province) Time:1May 24 -25, 935 Participants: Kuomintang (Sichuan Army) and * * * (Central Red Army) Results: The Red Army suffered a fiasco, and the main commanders and fighters who succeeded in crossing the river were Liu Bocheng, Nie, and Xiong Shanglin. After the battle, the historical truth, Yang Dezhi wrote an article to recall, Liu Bocheng recalled history. At the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission, Yang Dezhi eloquently explained the significance of the incident, heroic feats, glorious mission, prelude to victory, and sailed across the river. The historical background is 1935. After crossing the Jinsha River from Jiaoping, Yunnan, the Central Red Army continued northward along Huili-Xichang Avenue, preparing to cross the Dadu River and enter western Sichuan. Chiang Kai-shek urgently ordered Xue Yue, commander-in-chief of the front line of the Second Route Army, to lead the main force to cross Jinsha River to Xichang, Sichuan; The main force of the 24 th Army of Sichuan Army built a containment along the left bank of Dadu River from Luding to Fuling (now Hanyuan); "The main force of the 20th Army and the 2 1 Army pushed to Ya 'an and Fulin areas to strengthen the defense forces north of the Dadu River. Trying to rely on the natural barrier of the Dadu River, attacking the south and blocking the north, and encircling the area south of the Dadu River. Dadu River is the main tributary of Minjiang River, with a width of 300 meters, rapid water depth and steep mountains on both sides, making it extremely difficult for large troops to pass through. On the evening of May 24th, the vanguard troops of the Central Red Army 1 Division 1 Regiment rushed to the 7th Regiment 1 Battalion on the right side of the Dadu River after more than 80 kilometers of urgent marching. That night, Li Lin, political commissar of the Red 1 regiment, led the 2nd battalion to feint downstream of the ferry. Yang Dezhi, head of the Red 1 regiment, led the 3rd Battalion to approach Anshun Field in the rain and suddenly launched an attack. After more than 20 minutes of fighting, two companies of Sichuan Army were defeated, Ding 'an Shunchang was occupied, and the 1 wooden boat was found near the ferry. On the morning of 25th, Liu Bocheng and Nie came to the front line to command. Sun Jixian, the battalion commander of Red L Regiment 1 Battalion, selected 17 soldiers from Company 2 to form a river-crossing commando, with Xiong Shanglin as the captain and four local boatmen as the ferry. At 7 o'clock, the forced crossing began, and light and heavy weapons on the shore fired at the same time to cover the commandos crossing the river. Gunner Zhao Zhangcheng hit the bunker on the other side with two pursuit shells. The commandos braved the intensive bullets and artillery fire of the Sichuan army and advanced in the rapids. Near the other side, the Sichuan army counterattacked the ferry, and Yang Dezhi ordered two more shots, which hit the Sichuan army right in the middle. Commandos quickly went ashore, fought bravely with the fire support from the right bank, repelled the counterattack of the Sichuan Army, took control of the ferry, and the follow-up troops crossed the river in time to reinforce, defeating the Sichuan Army 1 battalion in one fell swoop and consolidating the crossing point. Subsequently, Red 1 Legion 1 Division and Cadre Regiment passed the Dadu River, which was regarded as insurmountable by the Kuomintang army. Battle of 65438+At the beginning of May, 0935, the Central Red Army prepared to cross the Dadu River. On the evening of 24th, the vanguard troops rushed to Anshunchang and occupied the area. Status quo On the evening of May 24th, 1935, the first regiment of the first division of the vanguard of the Central Red Army rushed to Anshun Field on the right bank of the Dadu River after more than 80 kilometers of urgent marching. This place is stationed by two companies of Sichuan Army, and the ferry is defended by the 7th Regiment 1 Battalion, 5th Brigade, 24th Army of Sichuan Army. That night, Li Lin, the political commissar of the Red League, led the second battalion to feint at the lower reaches of the ferry. Yang Dezhi, head of the Red Group, led a battalion to approach Anshun Field in the rain and suddenly attacked. After more than 20 minutes of fighting, we defeated two companies of Sichuan Army, occupied Anshun Field, and found the 1 wooden boat near the ferry. The Dadu River in Anshunchang area is over 100 meters wide, with rapid water depth and towering mountains. Before the arrival of the Red Army, the 7th Regiment 1 Battalion of the 5th Brigade of Sichuan Army seized this area and was building fortifications to resist risks. The situation is very unfavorable to the Red Army. On the morning of the 25th, the Red Group began to cross the Dadu River. Liu Bocheng and Nie came to the front to command. Sun Jixian, the battalion commander of the 1st Battalion of the Red Army Corps, selected 17 soldiers from the 2nd Company to form a river-crossing commando, with Xiong Shanglin as the captain and four local boatmen as the ferry. Before the war, the person in charge of the advance team personally explained the task to the leaders and worked out the plan of crossing the river together, and stressed that this crossing of the river is related to the success or failure of the whole army, and it is necessary to overcome all difficulties, complete the task and open up a road to victory for the whole army. At 7 o'clock, the forced crossing began, and light and heavy weapons on the shore fired at the same time to cover the commandos crossing the river. Gunner Zhao Zhangcheng hit his opponent's bunker with two mortar shells. Commandos were divided into two groups. Xiong Shanglin led the first group of eight people to cross the river first, and Sun Jixian led the second group of eight people to cross the river again. 18 warriors braved the intensive bullets and artillery fire of the Sichuan army and advanced in the rapids. Close to the other side, the Sichuan army counterattacked the ferry, and Yang Dezhi ordered two more shots, which hit the key of the Sichuan army. 18 warriors overcame the stormy waves, rushed through the enemy's heavy barrage, and finally boarded the other side. When the enemy saw the Red Army rushing to the beach, they dropped grenades. Smart soldiers, using the high and steep steps as a cover, rushed up the steps violently. With the support of fire on the right bank, the warriors repelled the counterattack of the Sichuan army and took control of the ferry. Follow-up troops crossed the river in time to reinforce, defeated the Sichuan Army 1 battalion in one fell swoop, and consolidated the crossing point. Subsequently, the first division of the Red Army Corps and the cadre regiment passed the Dadu River, which was regarded as insurmountable by the Kuomintang army. In order to commemorate the historical truth of the stone statue, Lieutenant General Sun Jixian, the first commander of China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, served as the battalion commander of the Red Army Red 1 Division 1 Regiment 1 Battalion during the Long March. He personally selected and led the seventeen warriors to cross the Dadu River, thus opening a gap in the natural barrier that the enemy regarded as difficult to fly and opening a passage for the Central Red Army to go north. The Red Army crossed the Dadu River and wrote a glorious page in the history of China's revolutionary war. However, in his later years, Sun Jixian was caught in a dilemma when clarifying the historical facts of the Dadu River Campaign: he didn't want to describe himself as a warrior, and he didn't want to go against historical facts and yield to misunderstood historical conclusions. His old chief, General Yang Dezhi, eloquently unveiled a long-buried historical mystery. Yang Dezhi, general of Sun Jixian, wrote an article recalling that there were many epic and earth-shattering deeds in the history of China's revolution. In 1950s, young people urgently demanded to be familiar with the revolutionary history of China, draw strong spiritual strength from heroes and devote themselves to the construction of the great socialist motherland. 1957 In May, the series of Red Flag Fluttering, edited and published by China Youth Publishing House, was the first to write revolutionary memoirs in line with the call of the times. As soon as "Red Flag Fluttering" was released, it had a great response among the vast number of teenagers and the people. The second episode of "Red Flag Fluttering" published in July, 1957, included Yang Dezhi's masterpiece "Many Heroes in Dadu River". Yang Dezhi's articles are divided into Glorious Mission, Overture to Victory, After Dawn and I must go! Five "solemn moments" in which "I must go!" In "Solemn Moment", Yang Dezhi wrote: General Yang Dezhi (positive) eighteen warriors (including Comrade Sun Jixian) each wore a big sword, each carried a machine gun (submachine gun) and a short gun, each carried five or six grenades and working equipment, and the second company commander Comrade Xiong Shanglin served as the captain. This side of the Dadu River is still the same as before, only the river is pounding and roaring. I looked at the other side with a telescope, and the enemy seemed very quiet. Because the boat was small, the boatman didn't agree that there were too many people on board, so it was decided temporarily that seventeen people would go through it in two batches. Under the leadership of the company commander Xiong Shanglin, eight comrades from Class One got on the boat. The solemn moment arrived, and Xiong Shanglin led eight comrades-in-arms to jump on the ferry. ..... The boat crossing the river will come back soon. Eight brave men led by battalion commander Sun Jixian boarded the ferry again. ..... At this moment, our two groups of landing soldiers are linked together, and eighteen soldiers rushed up together, eighteen grenades were thrown together, eighteen machine guns were fired together, and eighteen broadswords were flying together in the enemy group. Known as the "general with two arms", the Sichuan army was defeated and desperately fled to the back of Beishan Mountain. Our warriors crossing the river completely controlled the north bank of Dadu River. In the era of advocating heroes, Yang Dezhi's many heroic deeds on the Dadu River aroused strong repercussions in the society. 1959, Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House published the cartoon "Dadu River Heroes" adapted from Yang Dezhi's original work. 1963, "Many Heroes on the Dadu River" was compiled into the national junior high school Chinese textbook. The story of the eighteen warriors in Dadu River is almost a household name. Liu Bocheng recalled history. It is especially mentioned here that the first article "Reviewing the Long March" in Volume 3 of A Single Spark Can Start a prairie fire was written by Liu Bocheng. When writing about the experience of crossing the Dadu River, he clearly wrote: "As soon as the eighteen warriors crossed the river, they defeated the enemy and occupied the ferry." Eighteen warriors were questioned at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission. According to the old comrades in the editorial department, the first volume of A single spark can start a prairie fire was completed by 1958. This book has just been printed and has not been released, which coincides with the Lushan meeting. The editorial department of a single spark can start a prairie fire failed to avoid the political storm at that time. Because of "beautifying" Peng's article, the editorial department was ordered to check and rectify, and several major editors were affected to varying degrees. At an enlarged meeting of the Military Commission in the early 1960s, it was suddenly suggested that the propaganda about the Red Army's Long March crossing the Dadu River was somewhat confusing. It should be clear whether it is the 17 or the 18 warrior. Even if eighteen people cross the river together, Sun Jixian, as a commander, should not be counted as a soldier. It is said that an air force lieutenant general gave advice. This lieutenant general is not a witness to crossing the Dadu River. During the Long March, he served as the general branch secretary of the team directly under the Red First Division, and most of the time he acted with the Red Third Regiment headed by Huang Yongsheng. After the Central Red Army crossed Chishui four times, he was transferred to the Red Third Regiment as the general branch secretary. Later, he wrote in his memoirs: "When the Red Army crossed the Dadu River, our third regiment was still behind the whole division. In this paragraph, we just followed, did not perform any tasks, and left nothing behind. When we arrived at Anshunchang Ferry, the first regiment, the division headquarters and the second regiment had successfully crossed the river, and only two ferries were waiting for us. " Sun Jixian also attended the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission. An old comrade sitting next to Sun Jixian felt indignant after listening to the speech of the Air Force Lieutenant General. He pushed and said, "Commander Sun, come out and talk about it, so as to set the record straight!" Sun Jixian replied in a low voice, "What can I say? Can you say you are a soldier? " After the meeting, the CMC instructed the General Political Department to verify whether Dadu River was an eighteen-warrior or a seventeen-warrior. The relevant departments consulted the archives, based on the list of 17 Warriors recorded in the Red Army Warrior's NewspaperNo. 186 and the diary of a Red Army cadre who had never been to Dadu River as evidence, and finally confirmed that it was the 17 Warriors who forced the Red Army to cross the Dadu River, and officially issued a document in the name of the General Political Department: all units were required to take the "17 Warriors" as the standard when publicizing the story of the Red Army's long March crossing the Dadu River. This is why for a long time, in the official party history and military history, the saying that "seventeen warriors crossed the river in one boat" has been adopted. During the Long March of the Central Red Army, "Warrior" was an organ of the Political Department of the Red Army Corps, and it was a mimeographed tabloid, which was less than 16 edition. In the 186 issue of Warrior, there was only one sentence about the process of crossing the river: "A victim (me) and seventeen red heroes ventured to cross the river, that is, they defeated all the enemies on both sides." In an emergency of war, it is completely understandable that newspapers report the situation in time and there are some omissions. 1979, a single spark can start a prairie fire series was republished by China People's Liberation Army Soldiers Publishing House. The full set of ten volumes was published in August 1982. In 1980, a single spark can start a prairie fire (anthology 3), it was also the topic of "Forcing the Dadu River", but Yang Dezhi's article was chosen. The key content of the passage about the warrior crossing the river in the book is described as follows: the solemn moment has arrived, and the male merchant (upper) jumped on the ferry with 17 comrades in the forest. "comrades! The hope of a million Red Army is pinned on you. Resolutely cross and destroy the enemy on the other side! " The ferry left the south bank with enthusiastic encouragement. ..... Under the cover of my heavy firepower, the ferry docked. 17 soldiers flew ashore, and a row of grenades and a submachine gun crushed the enemy who rushed down. The soldiers occupied the fortifications of the ferry. The eighteen warriors in Yang Dezhi's original text crossed the river twice, and became seventeen warriors crossing the river once. Even the article "Reviewing the Long March" written by Liu Bocheng, "Eighteen Warriors Crossing the River", was changed to "Seventeen Warriors Crossing the River". Yang Dezhi argued that a single spark of 18 Warriors 1980 could start a prairie fire. Shortly after its release, Sun Jixian felt very humbled when he saw the battle narrative about crossing the Dadu River: he may not be a soldier, but the narrative of the battle process should conform to the historical facts. He once bluntly told Yang Dezhi, an old colonel and then chief of staff of the People's Liberation Army, "You know best how to cross the Dadu River. How can you write like this? " Forced crossing the Dadu River (painting) opened the new version of "A single spark can start a prairie fire" and read the article "Forced crossing the Dadu River" signed by myself. Yang Dezhi is very strange and annoyed. He said to Sun Jixian, "This memoir was revised without my review. At that time, I was visiting abroad, and the relevant departments did not seek my advice, so they changed the' eighteen warriors' in the original text to' seventeen warriors', and some fighting processes did not conform to historical facts. " Yang Dezhi forgave Sun Jixian and said, "The new edition of this book has been published, and it is impossible to restore it. I will definitely correct it in my later memoirs. " 1985, Yang Dezhi wrote a long memoir "Brother Heng at once" (PLA Literature and Art Publishing House). 1993 65438+ 10, Yang Dezhi's memoirs (People's Liberation Army Publishing House) also met with readers. Yang Dezhi seriously corrected the forced crossing of the Dadu River and clarified the historical facts of the Dadu River Campaign. In particular, he wrote: "Because the boat is too small to accommodate seventeen comrades at a time, we decided to cross the river twice. The first ship was led by Comrade Xiong Shanglin. In order to strengthen leadership, the Second Ship sent the battalion commander Comrade Sun Jixian to master it. " 1April 3, 990, Sun Jixian died in Jinan. During the mourning period, Dongning, the descendant of his children, returned to Beijing from Jinan and visited Yang Dezhi in the 30/KLOC-0 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army. When Yang Dezhi, who was lying in a hospital bed for infusion, saw Sun Dongning wearing a black veil on his arm, he immediately got excited and choked up and said, "Your father is my best comrade-in-arms. He is a good comrade with many advantages. He is brave and good at fighting, knows martial arts, and can also play with broadswords ... "Yang Dezhi said of the Long March:" Your father was a hero in the Long March. When crossing the Dadu River, Xiong Shanglin took the first boat with nine people. There are nine people on the second boat, led by your father. Nine plus nine is eighteen, it should be eighteen warriors, and your father should be a warrior. " Yang Dezhi added, "I can find several witnesses. At that time, the battalion commander of the Second Battalion was Chen Zhengxiang, who is now the deputy commander of the Beijing Military Region. There is also Xiao Siming, political commissar of Wuhan Military Region, who was the reconnaissance staff of the Red Corps at that time. On that day, the ferry where the warrior crossed the river was several hundred meters away from the place where he was sworn. I only took a few people to deliver it, and others didn't know the situation at the scene. Scout Xiao Siming is by my side, he can prove it! " At this time, Director Yang of jinan military area command Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres called to ask for Yang Dezhi's opinion on "The Life of Comrades", especially whether his comment that "seventeen soldiers were personally selected and led to cross the Dadu River, seize and control the ferry position, cover the follow-up troops to cross the Dadu River and make outstanding contributions to the victory of the Red Army's Long March" was accurate. Yang Dezhi replied, "This is a good article. He personally selected and led the seventeen warriors to cross the river. This situation is true. This is higher than writing that he is the eighteen warriors! " Later, Yang Dezhi fondly recalled fighting and working with Sun Jixian, from the 25,000-mile long March to Nanjing Military Academy and jinan military area command. He said: "During the Cultural Revolution, some people criticized me. Your father came out to protect me, and others arrested him. I said don't arrest Sun Jixian, just approve me! " Before Sun Dongning left, Yang Dezhi held his hand tightly and said, "When your father was in hospital in Beijing, I went to see him. I mobilized him not to be alone in Jinan and hurry back to Beijing. After leaving the hospital, he came to my house to see me again. We walked hand in hand for a long time. He is younger than me and in better health. I didn't expect to walk so fast ... "Speaking of which, Yang Dezhi was sobbing. Yang Dezhi was seriously ill and could not go to Jinan to attend the farewell ceremony of Sun Jixian's body. He specially sent his son Yang Jianhua to Jinan to bid farewell to his old comrades on his behalf. Before his death, Sun Jixian told his family to leave him and scattered some ashes on the Dadu River. He will accompany the stormy waves of the Dadu River and tell later generations about the amazing legend created here by the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants led by Chairman Mao! A few days ago, Sun Dongning found the author a 1957 version of the second episode of Red Flag Fluttering. The author was surprised to find that at the end of the article "Heroes come forth in large numbers on the Dadu River", Yang Dezhi asked the author Zhang to clearly write a postscript: The eighteen warriors were once considered as seventeen warriors, and Comrade Yang Dezhi thought that the correct one should be eighteen warriors (including battalion commander). Because it took a long time to leave the incident when writing, I am afraid that there will still be mistakes in some places, so please correct me if you are familiar with the situation at that time. Holding an old, yellowed and stained original book, carefully reading Heroes on the Dadu River, a feeling of reverence arises in the author's mind-Yang Dezhi's lofty qualities of being open-minded, realistic and pragmatic are awe-inspiring! The significance of the forced crossing of the Dadu River is a life-and-death battle of the Red Army. Whether we can cross the river or not is the key to China's revolution. In order to cross the Dadu River, the head of the advance team attached great importance to the battle before it started. Together with the combat troops, they made a plan to cross the river and emphasized the significance of this crossing, thus enhancing the confidence and courage of the combat troops and laying a solid foundation for winning the battle. The heroic feat of China firmly believes that the revolution can be successful, which makes the fighting troops and the whole army full of confidence in winning this battle. With infinite loyalty to the China revolution, the brave people carried forward the dauntless spirit of the main revolutionary heroes, braved the enemy's intensive artillery fire and rushed to the other side of the river, successfully opening a passage for the follow-up troops. The heroic feat of the Red Army troops successfully crossing the Dadu River and the battle of eighteen warriors has written a glorious page in the history of China's revolutionary war. General Yang Dezhi recalled that in May 1935, our Red Army of Workers and Peasants crossed the Jinsha River, passed Huili, Dechang and Lugu, and came to Mianning. Our Red Army is a division and a regiment, shouldering the glorious task of advancing. In order to strengthen the leadership and enrich the strength, the Central Military Commission appointed Liu Bocheng and Nie as the commander and political commissar of the advance team respectively, and the engineering company and artillery company of the Corps were placed under the command of a regiment. I was the head of a regiment at that time. In the prelude to the victory of the ancient ship, the soldiers woke up from their dreams and braved the drizzle to move on in the dark. According to the division of labor, Li Zhengwei led the 2nd Battalion to feint the downstream of Anshunchang Ferry to attract the main force of the regiment. I took a battalion to seize Anshun field first, and then forced to cross the river; The 3rd Battalion served as a guard, and stayed where they were to cover the command organ. At dawn, the rain stopped, the blue sky was dotted with white clouds, and the cliff washed by the rain was particularly tall. The water of the Dadu River is still roaring and churning. At this time, through the telescope, you can clearly see everything in the distance: opposite is a small village of four or five families, surrounded by a wall half a person high; There are several bunkers near the ferry, surrounded by black rocks. It is estimated that the enemy's main force is hiding in a small village to avoid trying to counter-charge and force me into the water when my troops crossing the river approach the ferry. Eighteen warriors (including Comrade Sun Jixian) flying by boat each wore a big sword, a machine gun (submachine gun) and a short gun, five or six grenades and working equipment, and the second company commander, Comrade Xiong Shanglin, served as the captain. This side of the Dadu River is still the same as before, only the river is pounding and roaring. I looked at the other side with a telescope, and the enemy seemed very quiet. Because the boat was small, the boatman didn't agree that there were too many people on board, so it was decided temporarily that seventeen people would go through it in two batches. Under the leadership of the company commander Xiong Shanglin, eight comrades from Class One got on the boat. The solemn moment arrived, and Xiong Shanglin led eight comrades-in-arms to jump on the ferry. ..... The boat crossing the river will come back soon. Eight brave men led by battalion commander Sun Jixian boarded the ferry again. ..... At this moment, our two groups of landing soldiers are linked together, and eighteen soldiers rushed up together, eighteen grenades were thrown together, eighteen machine guns were fired together, and eighteen broadswords were flying together in the enemy group. Known as the "general with two arms", the Sichuan army was defeated and desperately fled to the back of Beishan Mountain. Our warriors crossing the river completely controlled the north bank of Dadu River.