Liu Bei in the romance of the Three Kingdoms thinks that this man will cry, and only his younger brother can win the world. Romance, after all, is romantic, and what is important is wonderful. In order to highlight Zhang Guan and Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei was weakened. Just like in Romance, Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain to burn Wang Bo, but it was actually burned by Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang had not yet come out of the mountain. There are many such incidents.
In the official history, Liu Bei is a ruthless character. In Yuan Shao's place, Yuan Shao was killed in a pit. In Cao Cao's place, he almost killed Cao Cao in a pit and survived in troubled times. Later, he lived in Jingzhou for many years, kept a low profile, and finally entered Xichuan, achieving a generation of hegemony. Liu Bei is a charming man. When Zhao Yun met Liu Bei, he followed his life wholeheartedly. Wei Yan killed the soldiers guarding the city for Liu Bei and sent him to give up. Zhuge Liang was willing to do his best for Liu Bei, who was in the worst situation at that time, until he died.
Liu Bei, who sells straw sandals, started from scratch, and Cao Cao, an official family, inherited Sun Quan's inheritance from his father and brother and divided the world into three parts. This kind of suffering is not easy.
Hope to adopt
What's the difference between Zhou Yu in The Romance of Three Kingdoms and real history? The Romance of the Three Kingdoms needs to find an opponent for Zhuge Liang, which exaggerates Zhou Yu's ability. Zhou Yu's performance in history is not as good as Monroe's. Not as good as Lu Xun
Zhou Yu befriended Sun Ce since childhood. When Sun Ce rose, Zhou Yu swept across Jiangdong and contributed money to help Sun Ce achieve great things. Yuan Shu admired Zhou Yu's talent and wanted to hire Zhou Yu as a general, but Zhou Yu refused on the grounds that Yuan Shu could not achieve great things. Later, he managed to formally defected to Sun Ce and fought side by side with Sun Ce, which made great contributions to the establishment of Jiangdong and was trusted by Sun Ce. After Sun Ce's assassination, Zhou Yu and Zhang Zhao assisted Sun Quan in charge of military and political affairs. After Cao Cao destroyed Yuan Shao, he threatened Sun Quan to send his son as a hostage. Zhou Yu was ambitious and discouraged Sun Quan from delivering the hostages. In Battle of Red Cliffs, fighting Cao Cao, foreseeing the disadvantages of Cao Jun and the advantages of our army, and commanding the whole army to defeat Cao Jun in Chibi and Wulin were the most classic battles in the history of the Three Kingdoms. Later, he successfully conquered Nanjun, a strategic place in Jingzhou, but Coss failed. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu suggested to Sun Quan to send troops to attack Shu, destroy Zhang Lu, annex Liu Zhang, and share the world equally with Cao Cao. Zhou Yu died in Baling while preparing for war in Gangneung at the age of 36.
Zhou Yu in history was open-minded. Veteran Cheng Pu refused to accept Zhou Yu because he was younger than himself, and insulted him many times in person. Zhou Yu didn't care about him. Cheng Pu was finally impressed by Zhou Yu's talent and morality, and moved to say, "If you make friends with Zhou Gongjin, you won't get drunk when you drink" and became friends with him. Zhou Yu, who is narrow-minded and described in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is a supporting role image deliberately created by Luo Guanzhong to set off Zhuge Liang. It's an artistic treatment, so you can't take it seriously. Of course, there is no historical basis for "Three Yu", and Zhou Yu finally died of illness on the way out.
Evaluation of Liu Bei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms Personally, I think Liu Bei is a good actor who improvises and a hero who has a woman's heart.
Liu Bei is a benevolent man, but many of them are based on his own reputation, which he is quite successful. . But there are many fakes. As for the child falling, he has been introduced to hang his knees by hand. So, is it possible that Laochang is still an "autumn"? Is to roll the sinus around. When he died, he said to Zhuge Liang,' You can keep it for yourself', which was a trick of the ancient monarch. Now it seems more cunning ~ ~ ~
Comment on Liu Bei's word 150 in Romance of the Three Kingdoms: I like to watch the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and I like to enjoy myself in this historical picture. In the thick romance of the Three Kingdoms, the figure I admire most is Liu Bei, who is the greatest talent in the world.
Liu Bei's ancestor was Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. Liu Bei lived in poverty and his father died long ago. He had to live alone with his mother, weaving and buying straw mats and sandals. Later, because Liu Bei knew how to be a good man, there were many talents under his account, such as Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, who were brave and good at fighting, and Zhao Yun, who had extraordinary courage. Liu Bei has a broad mind and deep feelings, so many generals have great trust in him and are desperate to protect Liu Bei and his family.
On one occasion, Cao Cao led a hundred thousand troops and killed Fan Cheng in anger. Zhuge Liang advised Liu Bei to settle in Jiangling, but Cao Cao scattered Liu Bei's army and died countless times. In order to rescue Liu Bei's son Liu Chan, Zhao Yun killed more than 40 Jiang Cao and hundreds of Cao Jun. Finally, Zhao Yun, who was seriously injured, brought Liu Chan safely to Liu Bei. Liu Bei was deeply moved by holding his son. Suddenly, he threw a dou to the ground and said, "I almost lost a general for this boy!" " This is the story of Liu Bei's respect for generals, so every general, soldier and people are very loyal to Liu Bei.
This is Liu Bei. His courage, loyalty and kindness are not shared by every general, so he can win the support of the people and the sacrifice of soldiers. He is really an outstanding hero in the history of the Three Kingdoms, and I deeply admire him.
How to evaluate Liu Chan in The Romance of Three Kingdoms? In the eyes of the world, Liu Chan is the king of mediocrity, but in the eyes of ordinary people in the street, Liu Chan's image has always been a mediocrity. What's more, he is called "the bad king who perished the country and the mediocrity who lost the country". Because his nickname is Dou, there is another adjective "Dou who can't help it" in our Mandarin. Predict that this adjective will spread for thousands of years.
Dou really can't help? Is he really a fatuous, stupid or even mentally retarded monarch? Look at what Liu Bei and Kong Ming said about Liu Chan:
Liu Bei mentioned in his last testament to his late master: "It is said that the Prime Minister lamented your wisdom and greatly increased his cultivation. He is too eager to judge, why should I worry! "
Zhuge Liang commented on Liu Chan in "The Book with Dewey": "The court was eighteen years old, and it was virtuous and kind, and the corporal adjutant."
Zhuge Liang is not a flattering minister, and Liu Bei is not a king in name only. They will not insist that a mediocre person is "of great wisdom".
In fact, "Ren Xian, the late ruler, is a rational ruler".
Throughout history, Liu Chan was the Emperor of Shu and Han in 4 1 year, which was the longest reign of all the presidents in the Three Kingdoms period. Among them, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Chan 1 1 year. After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan became emperor for 30 years with the help of some wise ministers. In the turbulent era of independent regime, there must be something extraordinary about Liu Chan's being in power for so long.
Be tolerant of others.
Liu Chan was only 17 years old when he succeeded to the throne. Liu Bei specifically told him before he died: "You are engaged to the Prime Minister just like a father." So he shouted, "No matter what happens in politics, the salt will be decided by the light", and Liu Chan "did everything as the Prime Minister said". For Zhuge Liang, who is in power, Liu Chan is also humble in everything, "taking his father as his business".
Later, Liu Chan became old. According to the routine of the Han Dynasty imperial court, Zhuge Liang should gradually return the power to Liu Chan, let Liu Chan "become a full member" smoothly, and get rid of the fate of "trainee" emperor completely. However, Zhuge Liang is still in power. Zhuge Liang's reason is also very simple, because Liu Chan has no working experience and no experience in governing the country, so he is in charge of the whole region. This makes people suspect that Liu Chan is inexperienced now. If you don't give him a chance to practice, where will he get the experience? Isn't he not experienced?
Zhuge Liang went to war, but he still didn't trust Liu Chan, who was 22 years old. He sent his confidant Dong Yuan as a teacher to "supervise" Liu Chan. In Zhuge Liang's "Teacher of the Past", Zhuge Liang's tone and sense of language towards Liu Chan are like a cruel father, heartless and ignorant, and disobedient.
For these, Liu Chan gave in and didn't want to cause domestic political chaos. Zhuge Liang launched the Northern Expedition. Although Liu Chan disapproved, he encouraged Zhuge Liang. It can be said that Liu Chan is well aware of the truth that "there is no harmony between the monarch and the minister, and there will be internal changes", and fully understands and strictly implements Liu Bei's teachings and respect for the elders. More importantly, he United the internal leadership team, maintained the stability of the leadership team, and finally benefited the people. No wonder some people commented that Liu Chan was "a sage of the late Lord, so he was out of reach". It can be seen that Liu Chan has the tolerant mind of a politician.
Liu Chan was generous not only to Zhuge Liang, but also to other ministers. For example, when Wei Yan's rebellion was killed, Liu Chan did not completely deny Wei Yan. Instead, he made an imperial edict: "Since I have been cleared of my crimes, I still remember my previous achievements and make a coffin for it."
When life in Liu Chan was corrupt, Qiao Zhou, a scholar, and Dong Yun, a veteran, wrote to persuade Cambodia that Liu Chan was helpless at best, instead of killing people in a rage. It is very rare that Liu Chan, the late ruler of China, may have used less knives for ministers.
Clear-headed, know people and make good use of them
Liu Chan is not only tolerant, but also clear-minded, good at employing people and strong in analytical skills. He is definitely not mentally retarded. Liu Chan appointed Zhuge Liang to govern the country, which is the cleverness of Zhuge Liang. Although Zhuge Liang had belligerent problems, his measures to govern Shu did bring development to Shu. Therefore, even after the death of Kongming, Liu Chan continued to use Zhuge Liang's measures and even reused the people selected by Zhuge Liang.
Zhuge Liang longed for the Northern Expedition, and Liu Chan's mind was very clear at this time. He knows very well that Shu Wei's strength is not at a level at all, and it is not good to directly oppose it. He could only persuade Zhuge Liang to say, "It is difficult to travel south with my father; Before returning to Beijing, I sat without a seat; Now I want to go north again, but I am afraid of worrying. " Although Zhuge Liang insisted on the Northern Expedition and did not listen to Liu Chan's advice, Liu Chan fully supported Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition. After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan immediately stopped the Northern Expedition which wasted national strength and money.
On the appointment and dismissal of personnel, Liu Chan also showed his outstanding side. In view of Zhuge Liang's excessive power during his lifetime, Liu Chan abolished the prime minister system. Fei Yi is the secretary and general, and Jiang Wan is the fu. The two men have overlapping powers and contain each other, but each has its own emphasis. Jiang Wan is mainly responsible for government affairs and military affairs; Fei Yi is mainly in charge of military affairs as well as government affairs. Military and political affairs and internal affairs are no longer the same person. This new political arrangement means that there will never be another embarrassing situation in Liu Chan, that is, everything is decided by the Prime Minister alone and he himself is marginalized. After the death of Jiang Wan, Liu Chan further "monopolized the state affairs". As a formal knight, Liu Chan agreed; The appointment and removal of personnel requires Liu Chan's consent; Sending troops to conquer requires Liu Chan's consent, and almost all major events require Liu Chan's consent. President Liu Chan directly took charge of the Shu-Han regime 19. Can a person with a low IQ think of and do this series of measures?
Wei Lue also recorded such a thing: After Cao Shuang and Sima Yi were killed for power and profit, they were afraid of being dragged into Shu, and Liu Chan personally went out to meet them. His father Xia was killed by veteran Huang Zhong. When Liu Chan appeased Xia Houba who came to surrender, he said, "Your father's murder was not done by my ancestors." Briefly, he said, "My son is still your nephew!" "It turns out that your wife is Zhang Fei's daughter, and Zhang Fei's wife is Xia's sister, so you say so. After that, Liu Chan gave Xia Houba a "big feast". Liu Chan's way of courting Xia Houba is probably so much. Even though his father Liu Bei is alive, Liu Chan is by no means mediocre.
As the weakest monarch in the Three Kingdoms, Liu Chan has his own ideas of governing the country, and he is definitely not an imbecile.
I don't think about it.
Experts from all sides always commented on the late ruler Liu Chan as weak, incompetent and ignorant. The biggest criticism is that he surrendered without a fight and stole peace.
The phrase "not thinking about happiness" made Liu Chan be completely fixed as a villain and regarded as a shameless loser, thus criticizing him.
Saying that Cao Wei's soldiers surrounded the capital, Liu Chan knew in his heart that if he resisted, the soldiers would be seriously injured, which would probably lead to Cao Wei's massacre and make the people suffer. In order to save his people, after careful consideration, Liu Chan decided to open the door and surrender. After Liu Chan surrendered, he went north to Luoyang, where he was made the Happy Duke. In this way, Liu Chan gained the name of a traitor, but saved the people's names and property, which should be a good thing from the perspective of ordinary people at that time and contemporary history. Liu Chan's surrender without fighting is "the best policy for the whole country". Liu Chan, a politician who pays attention to the actual interests of Chinese people, is not the same as a face politician who "punched his face and filled his fat face". Instead of serving his own interests, he constantly encourages ordinary people to work for himself.
After the national subjugation, as the monarch of national subjugation, not only Liu Chan's own life, but also the happiness of the people of Shu was in the hands of others. Therefore, Liu Chan must play the fool and hide his talents everywhere to deceive the world and protect himself. A famous western writer once said, "It takes talent to play the fool and pretend to be good ... it is as difficult a job as the art of smart people." Behind Liu Chan's superficial numbness and cowardice, there is an extraordinary cunning and wit.
After being demoted to Wei, he specially played the music of Shu at a big banquet to observe the reaction. After listening to this, the old ministers of Shu all showed sad expressions. Liu Chan was the only one who smiled instead of feeling sad. He is extremely happy, and the lack of heart and soul is a superficial phenomenon. Si Mazhao told people at that time, how can a person be so heartless! Later, ask, do you still miss Shu? Immediately replied: "I am very happy here, I don't think about comfort."
This idiom was born. After that, an old minister brought by Liu Chan came running to him and said, You can't say that. It's unconscionable to say that. Next time I ask you, you can say that my ancestral grave is in Shu, and I won't think about it for a day, then close my eyes. Sure enough, he asked again soon, saying that he missed Shu. Liu Chan said: Oh, my ancestors' graves are buried there, and I don't miss a day. Si Mazhao is wrong. Why don't I sound like what you said and one of your ministers said? Liu Chan immediately opened his eyes: Ah, yes, he said so. He taught me to say so! At first glance, Liu Chan is really a shameless person, and * * * is hopeless. But think about it, why didn't Liu Can answer Chen like this? Si Mazhao is famous for its insidious and vicious. He not only seized power, but also tried to usurp the throne. Even Cao Mao of Di Wei said, "Everyone knows Si Mazhao's heart." .
If Si Mazhao wants to kill Liu Chan, it's a piece of cake. As a prisoner, Liu Chan could not fail to understand this. If you want to save your life, you must feel weak and careless, and "I am happy here and don't think about it" is just a smoke bomb released, leaving a good impression of "I am carefree" and successfully saving my life. Under the circumstances at that time, this was the wisest choice and the best policy. On this issue, Liu Chan is really a smart man as stupid as a fool.
Under the dominant cultural atmosphere of "winner is king, loser is enemy", people are unwilling to accept failed heroes. It seems that only those who have done vigorously are heroes. Liu Chan's performance in Luoyang after his surrender earned him a reputation as "heartless". Since then, even if the hat "I can't afford to help Dou" is firmly worn on my head, even his name Liu Chan is often mispronounced as Chán, which shows that the world has misunderstood him deeply.
Whether it is history or reality, the more you look at it, the more confused you feel. If you turn it upside down, you can see one or two. Among the three enterprise groups of Shu and Wu, the group headed by them has always been in a weak position. However, in the past 465,438+0 years, Liu Chan has been able to understand people well, the company has developed steadily, and the people have been spared from the war. If dou really can't afford it, how can this happen?
In a word, Liu Chan, the Emperor of Shu Han, was tolerant, sober and knowledgeable. Moreover, happiness does not mean shame. Therefore, Liu Chan is not a bad king.
How to Evaluate the Empresses Liu Chan and Liu Chan in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms —— Historical Evaluation
Chen Shou: Ren Xian, the late master, was the king of reason. When he was confused, he was the king of reason. Later, he said that "silk is impermanent, but it is only dyed." I believe! Li and Jun followed suit, and changed to Yuan Dynasty over the years, while Zhang Wu called Lite Xing for three years, which was contrary to the ancient meaning. The country has no history and no official explanation, so there are many things and disasters. Although Zhuge Liang achieved the goal of becoming a politician, he still didn't do all this thoroughly. However, it is not easy to become famous after the age of twelve, and it is also wonderful that the army is always prosperous! Since dawn, the system has gradually lost money, with both advantages and disadvantages.
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei said to Liu Chan before he died: "If you work with the Prime Minister, you will be like a father." . At the beginning of his succession, Liu Chan did abide by his father's behest, saying that "everything in politics is important, but everything is important" and delegated power to Zhuge Liang to handle military and political affairs. With the deepening of Liu Chan's understanding of military governance, he began to have different views on the policy of Zhuge Liang's northern expedition leading to the decline of national strength. However, based on the established policy of Liu Bei's Northern Expedition to unify China and Zhuge Liang's high prestige at home, Liu Chan put unity first and fully supported Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition. After Zhuge Liang's death, according to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the system of Prime Minister was abolished, and the positions of Shangshu, General and Fu were set up to check and balance each other, and the military and political affairs were separated, which inhibited the power competition in the palace to some extent. Later, he put forward the policy of "taking care of the state affairs" and "taking advantage of the rebellion of Wu". Before the Northern Expedition, he cultivated himself and saved his strength to seek a long-term future, and personally handled domestic military and political affairs except foreign wars. Relatively relieved the losses caused by Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition. Jiang Wei, who succeeded Zhuge Liang, also had many checks and balances, which seriously slowed down the progress of the Northern Expedition. However, due to the lack of reliable control over the army, Wei did not dare to oppress the military generals who longed for the Northern Expedition too much, which led to the confusion of strategic guidelines, and Wei took the opportunity to move. Finally, he died in 263. After the death of Shu, he moved to Luoyang, the capital of Wei. He left a famous sentence "I'm happy here, I don't think about Shu". I left it to Si Mazhao: "I have no worries!" A good impression not only saved his life successfully, but also relieved Si Mazhao of his guard in the future. From another perspective, this may not be the embodiment of Liu Chan's "improvisation" ability. According to historical records, Liu Chan knew people well and was good at his duties, which was his father's legacy. When receiving the report of Wei Yan's rebellion, he asked: "Wei Yan is a brave general, enough to refuse Yang Yi and others. Why did he burn the plank road? " After Wei Yan's death, he did not deny all of Wei Yan. "Now that his crime has been proved, he still remembers his previous job and gives it a coffin to bury." As the weakest monarch among the three countries, Liu Chan has his own ideas of governing the country. Although it may not be correct, according to historical records, Liu Chan is definitely not as fatuous and incompetent as described in the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Pei Songzhi, a historian in the Southern Dynasties, commented that "the sage of the late master is unattainable".
Zhuge Liang also said that Liu Bei was very clever when he died. Zhuge Liang is not a liar. He won't comfort Liu Bei just because he is dying. Although Zhuge Liang exaggerates a bit, it at least shows that Liu Chan is a normal person. Although not as good as Liu Bei, it is ok to be an emperor in the Taiping period, it is a pity that Liu Chan is too mediocre in the three countries with abundant talents.
After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan took back his rights, and his rights were kept secret. Does this mean that he is stupid? no
After Liu Chan surrendered, they all said that he was happy, but Sun Hao said that he was homesick and killed, while Liu Chan died. Does that mean he's stupid?
How to evaluate Lu Bu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Chen shou: Lu bu has the courage to win the tiger, but he has no wisdom. He is light and cunning and mercenary. From ancient times to the present, there is nothing that cannot be destroyed. Although in history, Lu Bu was not a slave of the three surnames and didn't recognize his adoptive father, every time he went to the master, he was a guest from the beginning and ended up in discord. Lyu3 bu4 has ambition and prestige, but he easily loses his judgment because of emotional disputes. Repeatedly, Lu Bu was doomed to be eliminated at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was due to his character. It is common to change hands in troubled times, but Lu Bu is too ashamed of his cooperative forces. From Ding Yuan to Dong Zhuo, Lu Bu became the executioner.
A poem evaluating Liu Bei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms? After checking, many people have a good evaluation of Liu Bei:
Chen Shou: "My late master was generous, knew how to treat people, and was a man of letters and men of letters. He was clothed with the demeanor of Gao Zu and the tools of heroes. The whole country entrusted to Zhuge Liang, but the heart was unconcerned, sincere to the public, and the ancient and modern track was also prosperous. If you don't understand Wei Wu, you are too narrow-minded. However, if you don't bend or scratch, you won't be next. Suppressing each other means not tolerating yourself, not only for the benefit, but also to avoid harm. "
Liu: "I have this son in my family, which is very human."
Chen Deng: "Outstanding posture, slightly Wang Ba, I respect Liu Xuande."
Yuan Shao: "Liu Xuande Hongya has a letter, and Xuzhou is happy to wear it today. I really hope so. "
Cheng Yu: "Seeing that Liu Bei is very talented and won the hearts of the people, it is better to think clearly as soon as possible."
Cao Cao said: "The only heroes in the world today are the monarch and Cao. At first, there were not enough people. " "Liu Bei, a husband, is also a great man. If you don't stop today, it will be a future trouble. You are worried about me. " "Liu Bei, I was startled. But it's too late. "
Pei Qian said, "If you live in China, you can disturb the people, but you can't rule them. If you are in danger, one side is enough. "
Ye Liu: "Liu Bei, an outstanding man, is a little late."
Sun Sheng and Jia Xu: "Liu Bei is a great talent."
Guo Jia: "Great talents win the hearts of all. Zhang Fei and Guan Yu are all enemies, and they all died for this. If you look carefully, you won't be ready for others. Your plan is unpredictable. The ancients said,' if you don't lose the enemy for a day, you will suffer from generation to generation.' Do it early. "
Zhuge Liang: "Gong Liu is the greatest talent in the world. According to the land of Jing, you will return to virtue and go to heaven and man. " "Liu Yuzhou royal family is famous for its talents, and all the people admire it. When the water returns to the sea, things are not good, that is, one day, safety can be restored. " "Fu is the great emperor mairenqing, cover great things without borders, heaven is not hanging, and science is dying. On the 24th of this month, I suddenly rose, male and female servants howled, and if I lost. It is a legacy, but it is a big event, which moves profits and losses; Liao Bai mourned for three days, undressed and returned to the mourning period as a gift; Within three days, the prefect, the prefect and the county magistrate all surrendered. I fear the gods and dare not disobey them. I ask you to declare. "
Zhao Jian: "Is Liu Beiqi bad? If you are not good at fighting, you will lose every battle and be at a loss. Why do you need people? "
Fu Gan: "Liu Bei's generosity can be fatal."
Sun Quan: "Unless you are Liu Yuzhou, you can't be Cao Cao."
Zhou Yu: "Liu Bei is fierce."
Lu Xun: "It is not a pity to push this theory." "If you are prepared, you will taste more." "Liu Bei is famous all over the world, and Cao Cao is afraid of it. Now he is in the kingdom, which is powerful. "
Zhang Fu: "Liu Shanliang is brave and upright, broad and broad."
Zhang Song: "Liu Yuzhou is a royal family, and he has a deep hatred with Tsao Gong. He is good at fighting. If he is allowed to win over Lu, then Lu will be defeated. Lu Po, Yizhou Qiang. Although Cao Gong has come, I can't help it. "
Liu Ba: "Those who are prepared, male, will be harmed if they enter, not included."
Please adopt it if you find it useful.