The detectors in the range of 1. 1 ~ 14 micron have developed from unit to multivariate, and from multivariate to focal plane array. The infrared detector was originally a unit detector. In order to improve the sensitivity and resolution, it was later developed into a multi-line detector. When the multi-line detector scans the same target continuously (serially), its output signal-to-noise ratio is n times higher than that of the unit detector, where n is the number of units. If the multi-element line detector scans the target in parallel, the one-dimensional distribution of the target radiation can be obtained. Infrared detection systems based on line detectors are mostly installed on aircraft or satellite remote sensing platforms. When the platform moves forward perpendicular to the linear array as the second dimension, the distribution image of target radiation can be obtained. Now, the infrared detector has developed from multi-element to focal plane array, and the corresponding system has achieved a leap from point detection to target thermal imaging. Infrared thermal imager is one of the most promising devices, which represents the development direction of night vision equipment. It uses focal plane array instead of optical scanning structure. At present, the area array of long-wave HgCdTe detector has reached 640×480 yuan, and the laboratory level of focal plane array detector has reached 256×256 yuan, which is expected to reach one million yuan by 2000.
2. The working band of infrared detector is extended from near infrared to far infrared. Early infrared detectors usually work in the near infrared band. With the development of infrared technology, the working band of infrared detector has been extended to mid-infrared and far-infrared bands. For example, the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency proposed a hyperspectral mine detection program to provide a safe and effective way to detect mines. The plan uses a spatially modulated imaging Fourier transform spectrometer, which is an infrared sensor. It has been tested in the near-middle band on the helicopter, and the next step is to extend the working band to far infrared. Far infrared has become the focus of scientists' attention.
3. Lightweight and miniaturization. Development of uncooled, integrated and large array infrared detectors. Low temperature refrigeration technology is used to improve the sensitivity of infrared detector and the signal-to-noise ratio of output signal, which makes it have good performance, but it also makes infrared detector bulky and costly. In order to realize miniaturization, it is necessary to reduce refrigeration equipment and related power supply. Therefore, efficient small refrigerators and infrared detectors without refrigeration will be the future development direction. If uncooled infrared focal plane array technology is adopted, not only the system cost can be reduced by two orders of magnitude, but also the volume, weight and power consumption can be greatly reduced. In addition, using the latest technology in materials, computers and microelectronics, infrared detectors can be combined with data processing equipment with certain data processing capabilities, making them develop in the direction of optical integration, large array and focal planarization, thus improving their performance and realizing the detection of room temperature targets.
4. Infrared detection system has developed from single-band to multi-band. As mentioned above, in the atmospheric environment, the infrared radiation of the target can only be effectively transmitted in the three atmospheric windows of 1 ~ 3, 3 ~ 5 and 8 ~ 13 micron. If an infrared detection system can obtain target information in two or more bands, then the system can obtain more target information more accurately and reliably, improve the detection effect of the target, reduce the false alarm probability of the early warning system, improve the search and tracking performance of the system, meet more application requirements and better meet the needs of various services and arms. At present, the multi-band infrared detection system has been successfully developed. For example, the Bonnasse terminal-sensitive bomb jointly developed by France and Sweden uses a multi-band infrared detection system to detect targets. Infrared thermal imager industry is a high-tech industry with a very broad development prospect, and it also has the largest market share among infrared application products, and is widely used in military and civilian fields. Under the condition of modern war, infrared thermal imager has been widely used in military weapons such as satellites, missiles and airplanes. At the same time, with the production cost of uncooled infrared thermal imaging technology greatly reduced, the application of this product has been extended to various industries of national economy such as electric power, fire protection, industry, medical care, security and so on. In the past, the domestic market has been occupied by well-known foreign companies such as FLIR and FLUKE. However, in recent 10 years, gratifying changes have taken place in this field. The technology, performance and quality of domestic infrared thermal imager enterprises have been continuously improved, and their market share has gradually expanded. Well-known enterprises such as Dali Technology, Kunming Northern Infrared, Wuhan Gaode and Saite Infrared have emerged. After several years of development, they have accumulated considerable technical strength.
At present, the performance of domestic products is close to that of imported products, but the price of imported products is more than 50% higher than that of domestic products. With the expansion of infrared thermal imager in fire protection, electric power, construction and other industries, the international civil infrared thermal imager industry has ushered in a period of rapid growth in market demand. In 2004, the global output of civil infrared thermal imager and system was about 50,000. In 2006, FILR alone won an order for infrared thermal cameras equipped by BMW for its new 7-Series sedan, and obtained an export license application of 350,000 units from the US government. In 2006, the global sales of civil infrared thermal imager was $65.438+63 billion, up by 65.438+0.07.35% year-on-year.
According to the prediction of Maxtech International, a well-known American high-tech industry consulting company, the annual growth rate of global civil infrared thermal imager market demand will reach 15% in the next five years, and by 20 12 years, the global civil infrared thermal imager market demand will reach $3.81200 million. Due to the rapid development of domestic economy, the average annual growth rate of China infrared thermal imager market can reach 20%, and it is estimated that the market demand of China civil infrared thermal imager will reach 995 million yuan in 201kloc-0/year. Take the United States as an example In 2000, the total market sales of infrared imaging and infrared temperature measurement systems in the United States was $65.438+0.82 billion, an increase of 3% compared with 654.38+0.999. It is estimated that by 2008, the total market sales will reach US$ 2.82 billion, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.5%.
"The infrared thermal imager market in China is still in its infancy, and there is huge room for future development." Mr. Ni Guoqiang, executive director and secretary general of chinese optical society, said at the high-level forum of photoelectric industry in China: In the military field of developed countries, infrared thermal cameras have been widely deployed. For example, in the Gulf War, every American soldier was equipped with 1.7 infrared thermal imager. Compared with developed countries, at present, the application of mid-infrared thermal imager in our army is relatively small, and its market prospect demand is quite huge. With the development of high-performance multi-color infrared focal plane and on-chip intelligent image processing technology, it is expected that this proportion will continue to rise. With the increase of large-scale domestic activities such as Beijing Olympic Games, Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games, the requirements for safety are becoming stricter and stricter, and more and more places need 24-hour uninterrupted monitoring. The application of infrared monitoring is more prominent at night, not only in the treasury, oil depot, armory, library, cultural relics department, prison and other important departments, but also in the general monitoring system, and even in the residential area monitoring project, infrared cameras are used. It has driven the infrared camera market to continue to heat up. A survey report in 2006 showed that compared with infrared thermal imager, the technical threshold of infrared camera is not high. At present, most of the domestic market is occupied by domestic brands, while foreign brands only occupy a part of the high-end market. Judging from the distribution of infrared cameras in China, Shenzhen has the largest number, accounting for 64% of the total, forming three major industrial bases in China with Dongguan and Zhejiang.
China's infrared camera enterprises mainly focus on production and trade, and few can innovate independently. In the future, improving the ability of independent research and development will be the main development direction. Only in this way can we expand globally and earn higher profits. The traditional application of infrared communication is mainly in household appliances and car anti-theft remote control. Due to the rapid development of modulation technology and related transceiver technology, the application of infrared transmission has also made a qualitative leap. 1993 the international infrared association was established in the United States, actively integrating and formulating infrared transmission standards, which greatly promoted the development of infrared products.
In 2000, 654.38+0.7 billion electronic products equipped with the International Infrared Association module entered the market, especially the electronic game machine market. 200 1 As for the information transceiver module, the price of the module of the International Infrared Association has been reduced from the early US$ 5 to US$ 2, and international manufacturers have sought processing places in some places with relatively low labor in the Asia-Pacific region, with an estimated annual output value of over US$ 1 billion. At that time, some integrated circuit design companies, system and application software manufacturers have actively invested in the research and production of application products, and have now formed a certain scale.
The popularity of personal notebook, PDA, digital camera and other products promoted the development of infrared transmission. The International Infrared Association 1994 has put forward the version of 1.0 infrared data exchange standard, and the transmission speed is 1 15.2 kbps. At present, the highest transmission speed has reached more than 4Mbps. In 2006, infrared wireless technology has a huge user base. At that time, infrared data communication technology (IRDA) installed10.50 billion devices every year, and maintained a high growth rate of 40% every year. In the recently released market research report of wireless short-range communication technology, NetShip Consulting believes that the strong growth figures reflect the optimistic attitude of global manufacturers towards infrared communication. Infrared communication technology has been supported and adopted by many software and hardware manufacturers around the world, and the mainstream software and hardware platforms have provided support for it. In the mobile phone market, major mainstream manufacturers have supported infrared communication technology in their products. Judging from the current situation, among all kinds of wireless communication technologies, infrared technology is in a leading position in terms of application coverage, technical maturity and user acceptance.
In the remote control market, Instat Company, a market research organization, predicts that the global unit shipment of 8-bit controllers used in IrDA field will reach 206 million units in 2005 and 373 million units in 2009. According to reports, since Zilog 1993 entered the remote control market, the sales volume of products has exceeded 275 million. In 2004, the company delivered about 40 million IrDA related chips. At present, the company's IrDA chip solution model has exceeded1.2000, and the remote control brand has exceeded1.3000. Customers include Philips, Samsung, Sony, Yamaha, Toshiba and Microsoft. At present, the global universal infrared remote control market accounts for 70% and 80% of the market share, especially in Europe and America. Infrared spectrometer is mainly used in the fields of chemical and physical analysis, and can be used in various physical and chemical laboratories, petroleum, agriculture, detection and other fields. According to the application range, it can be divided into general infrared spectrometer and special infrared spectrometer, and according to the wavelength range, it can be divided into near infrared spectrometer and far infrared spectrometer. At present, near infrared spectrometer is the main instrument. Modern near infrared spectroscopy analysis technology includes near infrared spectrometer, chemometrics software and application model. Only the perfect combination of the three can meet the requirements of high performance. At present, the development and application of special near infrared spectroscopy instruments have attracted the attention of many domestic experts, and a number of instruments and application software suitable for domestic analysis objects have been developed. For example, a group of young scholars from China Academy of Petroleum Sciences, led by Academician Lu Wanzhen, developed a special near-infrared spectrometer with independent intellectual property rights in China and some software for its application in petroleum science in China; The project of "China Agricultural Near Infrared Analysis Technology Network System" led by Professor Yan of Beijing Agricultural University has been completed, and the software with independent intellectual property rights has been developed, which is suitable for the quality analysis of agricultural products in China. Professor Xiang Bingren established the virtual modeling center of Internet near infrared spectroscopy analysis in the analysis and calculation center of China Pharmaceutical University, conducted modeling and mathematical model maintenance of near infrared spectroscopy analysis, and established mathematical models of near infrared analysis of some Chinese medicinal materials.
At the beginning of 2006, SFDA ordered more than 300 imported Fourier transform near infrared spectrometers through bidding. At that time, the Ministry of Finance allocated 500 million yuan together with the follow-up maintenance fee. If it can be made in China, it can save a lot of foreign exchange. At present, the related enterprises in China are Juguang, Yingxian, Park Zhengsu, Dongxi Electronics, Puxi General Motors, etc. , mainly low-end products, high-end products can not be compared with foreign countries.
The domestic universal infrared spectrometer FT-IR is mainly produced by North Fenrili Analytical Instruments Company, which introduces the technology of American Analect Company, but the quantity is very small. In terms of special infrared spectrometers, some special infrared spectrometers for near-infrared spectrum have great potential market in China, which are mainly used for quality analysis of agricultural products in agriculture, quality control and product quality analysis in the production process of petroleum products in petrochemical industry. However, because near infrared analysis needs to introduce some mathematical models according to the analysis objects, the mathematical models are different with different analysis objects. Therefore, the analysis software (designed according to the mathematical model of foreign analytical objects) brought by foreign special near-infrared spectrometers may not be suitable for domestic analytical objects, which leads to the fact that some special near-infrared spectrometers introduced in recent years have not played much role in China, and the price of foreign special near-infrared spectrometers is high, and there are not many imported special near-infrared spectrometers. In remote temperature monitoring, infrared temperature sensor meets many requirements with its excellent performance. In the product processing industry, especially in the occasion of remote temperature monitoring, temperature sensors are all places where they can show their talents. In the food industry, infrared temperature measurement is very popular because it can record the temperature of food and will not be polluted. Optical fiber infrared sensor also has the characteristics of anti-electromagnetic and radio frequency interference, which opens up a new market for the application of portable infrared sensor in automobile industry.
With the wide application of infrared temperature measurement technology, a new infrared technology-intelligent digital infrared sensing technology is quietly emerging. This intelligent sensor has a built-in microprocessor, which can realize two-way communication between the sensor and the control unit, and has the advantages of miniaturization, digital communication and simple maintenance. At present, various sensor users have upgraded their control systems, and the demand for intelligent infrared sensors will continue to grow. It is expected that the market will not reach saturation in the short term.
In addition, as the volume of portable infrared sensor is getting smaller and smaller, the price is also gradually decreasing, and it has new applications in food, heating and air conditioning, automobiles and other fields. For example, it is used in food roasters and hair dryers. The infrared sensor detects whether the temperature is too hot, so that the system can decide whether to carry out the next operation, such as stopping heating, automatically taking food out of the oven, or cooling the blower. As more users know about portable infrared temperature sensors, their potential users are also increasing.
Due to the advantages of infrared temperature sensor in remote temperature control and non-contact temperature measurement, its output increases at the rate of 10% every year. From 1996 to 1997, its output increased from155 thousand to 230 thousand. Total sales also increased from $230 million to $300 million. In 2006, the total market sales will reach 557.6 million US dollars, and the total output will exceed 489,000 vehicles.
For the global market of infrared sensors, third world countries will be more optimistic than Europe and America. Although many industrial countries in Europe and America have extensive processing industries, their markets tend to be saturated. In China and some emerging countries and regions in Latin America, with the economic recovery and development, various countries and regions have accelerated the process of industrialization, and the number of processing plants has been increasing. The sales volume of infrared sensors in this area is increasing by 2% ~ 5% every year, and the market sales volume is still on the increase trend.
[influence]
The object that produces infrared radiation is an infrared radiation source. Physical research tells us that in nature, any object with a temperature higher than absolute zero (0 K or -273℃) will radiate infrared rays of various wavelengths. The higher the temperature of an object, the greater the intensity of infrared rays it radiates. According to the difference of radiation characteristics between various targets and background, infrared technology can be used to detect, track and identify targets day and night to obtain target information. In modern warfare, the advantage of obtaining battlefield information has become the key to mastering the initiative in war. Infrared technology is one of the key technologies to obtain battlefield information from air and space. Therefore, many countries have invested a lot of manpower and material resources to study infrared technology, which has been widely used in the military field and has had a great impact. 1. It has become an important means of reconnaissance, surveillance, early warning and tracking military targets. All military targets, such as ships in the ocean, the actions of ground troops and various equipment, aircraft and missiles in the air, will emit heat and a lot of infrared radiation. Using infrared technology and equipment, these targets can be detected, monitored and tracked from the air and space. For example, reconnaissance satellites can obtain a large amount of military information day and night by relying on infrared imaging equipment and spectrometers. Since 1970s, missile early warning satellites equipped with infrared detectors have been monitoring ballistic missile launches around the world, providing warnings for the state and military command departments. For example, the early warning satellite in the current national defense support plan of the United States can identify the launch and direction of incoming missiles within tens of seconds. It is said that in the future, the space-based infrared system in the United States can provide accurate information on missile launch and direction within 20 seconds, providing valuable early warning time for intercepting incoming missiles. For example, in the Gulf War of 199 1, the US missile early warning satellite monitored all missile launches in Iraq, and then transmitted relevant information to the Patriot missile unit of the US military in time, so that the Patriot missile effectively intercepted the Iraqi Scud missile.