China cherry seed

Don't be a famous girl, Xiao Li. It is the seed of Prunus humilis in Rosaceae.

2. Deciduous shrub, 1 ~ 1.5m high. Bark grayish brown, branchlets pilose. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5 ~ 5 cm long and 1 ~ 2 cm wide, with acute apex and shallow serrations at the edge, and pubescence scattered along the lower main vein; Stipules linear, caducous. Flowers and leaves open at the same time, solitary or 2-flowered, pedicels sparsely pubescent; Sepals 5, reflexed after anthesis; Petals 5, white or pink; Stamens are numerous; Carpels 1. Drupe is nearly spherical, with a diameter of about 1.5cm, and is bright red at maturity. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is May-June.

Born in barren hills or sandy mountains. Location: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong and other places.

3. The species of Prunus of Rosaceae endemic to China, mainly distributed in Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other central and western regions.

And the northeast. As the scientific name of this plant, Prunus humilis was named by Chen Rong, a plant taxonomist.

In the study of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit), it is found that Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) contains many mineral elements beneficial to human body, especially

The content of calcium is higher than that of ordinary fruit. In order to highlight its high calcium content, its trade name "Calcium Fruit" was born.

. The fruit of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) used to be a "tribute" in history, and Emperor Kangxi had a soft spot for eating Prunus humilis since childhood. Even once

Send someone to plant it specially for the palace.

First, the economic value of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is extremely high. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is widely used. The pulp is edible, and the inner core can be used as medicine.

Stem can be used as feed and textile materials, and its development and utilization prospects are very broad. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is red, crystal clear and lovely, with fruit.

It is oblate, jujube-shaped, pointed pile-shaped, thick and sweaty, moderately sweet and sour, unique in taste and rich in nutrition.

There are many kinds of vegetables with high content, which are better than walnuts such as cherries, plums, apricots and peaches. Among them, vitamin A, vitamin b2, vitamins

B 12, vitamin c, vitamin e and trace elements such as potassium, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc, magnesium and selenium are abundant.

Most of them are several times to dozens of times higher than the above fruits, and contain 18 amino acids including lysine, and the sugar content of mature fruits is as high as.

14%— 19%。 The contents of calcium and iron per 100 grams of fresh fruit are 7- 10 times and 6- 10 times that of apples, reaching 60-90 mg and 1.5-

2.5 mg; Fruit trees have special effects in greening and beautifying the environment, controlling barren hills and deserts and preventing soil erosion.

Industry Bureau is listed as an excellent tree species of ecological forest, and its development and utilization value is mainly manifested in the following six aspects.

1. Cerasus humilis (Cerasus humilis), as a new fruit cultivation and edible variety, has many biological groups and fruit types, and is a valuable breeding material.

Materials. Caenocarpus humilis is a short plant with fast growth and strong fruit-bearing ability, which can be cultivated as a "grassland orchard" and can be cultivated by ridge cultivation.

Planting in the corner is very beneficial. Can also be used as a general tree orchard intercropping, generally flowering and fruiting in the same year, the yield per mu can be

Up to 100 kg, the yield per mu can reach 300 to 500 kg in the second year and 1000 to 1500 kg in the third year; Prunus humilis (calcium fruit)

The market price is relatively high, reaching per kilogram 10 yuan to 20 yuan, and the income per mu can reach several thousand yuan or even ten thousand yuan. If greenhouse cultivation is used

, it can be listed all year round with higher income. The fruits of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) are red, yellow and purple, with bright and attractive colors and delicious taste.

Mouth is the best choice for high-grade fruit in the city. The calcium contained in Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is natural active calcium, which is easy to absorb and has high utilization rate.

The best fruit for people and children to supplement calcium.

2. The deep processing and comprehensive utilization of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has always been a royal tribute in history. special

The content of calcium ranks first among all fruits. According to the determination, every100g of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) contains protein1.5g and vitamin C 47g.

360 milligrams of calcium and 58 milligrams of iron. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is also rich in sugar, vitamin B, various trace elements necessary for human body and 17.

With this amino acid, the edible rate of fruit can reach above 90%, the juice yield is about 80%, and the soluble solids 10%- 15%. Sweet and sour taste

Fruit has a strong aroma and can be processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, fruit vinegar, fruit milk, canned food, preserved fruit and other foods. Branches can be woven into various types.

handicrafts

3. Greening and beautifying the environment. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has small clusters and dense flowers, which are very beautiful. Use different colors of Prunus humilis (

Calcium fruit), planting flower beds or hedges in courtyards, parks, streets, highways and other places can form a spring and summer flower viewing.

The environmental effect of enjoying leaves and fruits in autumn gives people a kind of beautiful enjoyment. Used as an ornamental plant: Prunus humilis (calcareous fruit) is short.

Flowers, very beautiful. Colorful, flower-like and flowering-like cherry blossoms, with shrub-like and arbor-like cherry blossoms.

It can form a patchwork and complementary ornamental effect, so some people call it "China Cherry Blossom" and use Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) as a bonsai.

Its plant type is compact, the fruit is gorgeous and dazzling, and it can be both ornamental and edible, killing two birds with one stone. Gardens can be used as shrub flower belts and shrub balls.

Configuration. It has a wide range of adaptation and high survival rate, and is a rising star of shrubs that need to be popularized urgently in barren hills greening and urban landscaping.

4. As a feed for cattle and sheep, the stems and leaves of Prunus humilis have high nutritional value, which not only contains sugar and eggs needed for the growth and development of cattle and sheep.

White matter and other general nutrients are important sources of calcium supplementation for bone development in cattle and sheep. The development of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) can be considered together with animal husbandry.

Combined, improve the comprehensive economic benefits of planting.

5. Medicinal function Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is the main original plant of Prunus humilis kernel, which has the effect of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis.

The price per kilogram is nearly 100 yuan. Meiren is a commonly used Chinese medicine, which has been used for more than 2000 years. "Yu Liren contains Li glycoside.

Apricot glycoside, amygdalin, fatty oil. It is flat in nature, pungent and bitter in taste, and can moisten the intestines to relieve constipation, induce diuresis and reduce swelling; Used for constipation.

Dysuria, edema. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has diuretic and laxative effects; Wumei tincture has obvious antihypertensive effect; Plumoside

It has obvious laxative effect. The root of Prunus humilis is used in folk remedies to treat varicose veins and vasculitis, which has a good therapeutic effect.

Function.

6. Cerasus humilis (Cerasus humilis) is used to develop ecological soil and water conservation function, which is a powerful economic means for the country to choose ecological function in suitable places.

Tree species requirements; It is farmers who increase their income under poor site conditions and can make important contributions to ecological construction and economic construction.

A good project. Prunus humilis is an extremely drought-resistant, pest-resistant shrub species with strong adaptability and low temperature of -35℃.

It has a strong role in soil consolidation and water conservation. It can be planted in flat land, hillside, and areas where the ph value between trees and fruit trees is lower than 8.

Plant on the edge of terraced fields. Prunus humilis is a rare tree species that can afforest barren hills and control soil erosion in a short time.

Popularizing planting in northwest, north China and northeast China will certainly make important contributions to the sustainable development of agriculture in arid areas of China.

Prunus humilis has special drought resistance and is suitable for planting in arid areas. This feature comes from itself and is also a link for many years.

The result of environmental changes.

(1). The physiological characteristics of Prunus humilis are that it can avoid drought in drought and store water in rainy season. In the dry spring, Prunus humilis

(Calcium fruit) not only has high water content in leaves, but also has strong water retention capacity. Prunus humilis leaves are small and thick, although the stomatal density is high, but

Small pores, less water loss. In the dry season, the growth rate of aboveground parts slows down, and a large number of basal buds are produced at the base of soil plants

Buds don't germinate, but once they come into contact with rain, they can form underground stems that stretch in the soil, form roots or sprout out of the surface to form new ones.

Plants. This physiological characteristic is the internal factor of drought resistance of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit).

(2) Prunus humilis fruit (calcium fruit) also has drought tolerance. In the dry season and early spring, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) can also blossom and set fruit.

Fruit, but the fruit basically stops growing and will not fall. When the rainy season comes, the huge roots quickly absorb rainwater and supply it centrally.

Fruit. After only 10-20 days, the fruit will swell to 8- 10 times of the original. After the fruit is ripe, because the fruit stalks and branches, fruit stalks and fruits

There will be no delamination, and even if it is dry, it will not lose weight. It can be seen that Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has no detached stalks compared with other fruit trees.

The long-term evolution process of Prunus humilis benefited from the characteristics of pottery and its super-efficient water use ability to avoid drought in dry season and collect water in rainy season.

, the perfect combination with nature.

(3) Cerasus humilis has the characteristics of rhizome and rhizome, and has tenacious vitality. Unique resistance of Prunus humilis (Cerasus humilis)

Drought also has the habit of "no distinction between roots and stems" Generally speaking, the roots of plants have a fixed absorption function, while the stems have a supporting and transporting function.

During the growth and development of Prunus humilis rhizome, different conditions produce different results because of the need to adapt to drought. Zaier

Under the condition of moderate drought, the branches and leaves on the ground stop growing, but in the topsoil, the basal buds can be formed at the base of plants without germination.

(4) Huge reticular root system. Prunus humilis is a strong tillering root system, and its huge roots are intertwined, with a root-shoot ratio.

9. 17: 1, which is 7.84 times larger than apple and 0.6 times larger than Kexing1.This is one of the inherent characteristics of its strong drought resistance. Because of the root system

Criss-crossing, concentrated in the soil layer of 20-40 cm, the deepest can reach 1.5-2 m, forming a dense network structure of topsoil, thus

The soil in the 20 cm deep soil layer is tightly wrapped. In addition, lush leaves greatly reduce the erosion of the surface by rain. Can effectively block the table.

Layers of soil are blown away by the wind and washed away by the rain. It shows a strong function of soil and water conservation, especially in places with large slope and strong light.

Soil consolidation is stronger and the effect is more obvious.

(5) Black Lee has strong regeneration ability, short life cycle, fast reproduction speed and no tall plants on the ground. exist

In the investigation, the distribution and growth process of root system can be observed through the excavation profile, and it can be seen that the distribution of root system is mainly horizontal roots, with a large number and vertical roots.

There are few taproot systems, and you can see that the basic branches (newly sprouted branches) grow vigorously. Generally, in the second year, 80% of the total number of fruiting branches is

In fact, 15-20% of the branches are more than 2 years, and rarely more than 3 years. At the same time, the horizontal root system has strong ability to germinate new branches and a large number.

It laid a foundation for breeding offspring and adapting to arid environment. After sowing, the seedlings can form flower buds in the same year, bear fruit in the second year, and third.

Enter the full fruit period. Its childhood is very short, and it only takes 16 months from sowing to forming new seeds, which is not common in natural fruit trees.

Characterized by preparation. The short life cycle, rapid reproduction, long-term adaptation to drought and survival of the fittest of Prunus humilis are also its major characteristics.

Extraordinary skills. It is also the main reason why Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is widely distributed naturally.

(6) It grows rapidly after planting and occupies a large area. Due to the above characteristics, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) generally grows into a shape.

In addition, root tiller seedlings and stem root sprout seedlings can spread and grow rapidly, forming a piece. It is reported that the surface runoff test in arid mountainous areas

The results show that in the second year after planting Prunus humilis, surface runoff and sediment can be greatly reduced, which is mainly due to dense branches and surface leaves.

The superposition of sheets increases the resistance to rainwater runoff, and most of the water permeates into the soil layer, which plays a role in water conservation. After 3 years, the average tree can reach 10.

Soil consolidation and soil and water conservation effects. There are the most sandstorms in the three northern regions of China, and the soil types are mostly loess and limestone soil, which is very suitable for Europe.

Plum (calcareous fruit) grows, so this tree is the best ecological tree species in the north, especially in areas with long spring drought and concentrated rainy season. exist

Planting in arid areas can not only survive, but also make use of concentrated rainy season to obtain high yield, and at the same time obtain three major effects of ecology, economy and society.

Benefit.

Second, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has strong adaptability and can be cultivated in a large area in China. Prunus humilis is a shrub fruit tree because of its

The root system is huge, the basic branches and tillers are developed, and the resistance is strong. Therefore, the survival is easy, the pruning is simple, and the requirements for management technology are not high.

But in order to obtain high yield and high quality, we must pay attention to the following management techniques.

1. Land selection and soil preparation: Gardens can be built on flat land and sloping land respectively, or planted on ridges and fields, and on trees and fruit trees with good ventilation and light transmission.

Intercropping can also be done between rows. The flat land can be made into small ridges with a width of 0.3m and a width of1.2m. The sloping land can be ploughed according to contour lines, and the ridges are high and wide.

It can be mastered flexibly according to different slopes, and the contour spacing is1.0-1.5m. Before deep ploughing, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be laid flat on the ground.

Look, when you turn over the ground, pay attention to breaking the dung and clods and mixing them evenly. The depth can be controlled at about 40 cm. According to the slope of contour line

When fertilizing and digging ditches, we must pay attention to ridging with deep soil and stepping firmly to reduce surface runoff and ensure long-term water storage.

. For planting on sloping land, it is best to choose semi-sunny slope and sunny slope plots.

2. Planting time: bare-rooted seedlings can be planted in spring and autumn. Spring seeds, it is best to plant them before the spring buds unfold, in the northern region.

It is usually planted in early March. The green seedlings in the nutrition bowl can be planted in spring, summer and autumn, but the earlier the better, the latest in autumn.

Sometimes it should be possible to let the seedlings grow for another month after planting, which can generally ensure the normal overwintering of seedlings.

3. Planting row spacing: the planting density on the flat land is 0.5m× 0.5m ... In order to make full use of the land and facilitate management, it should be earlier.

Income.

4. Water topdressing: Although Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, because of its large yield, sufficient water and fertilizer can ensure Prunus humilis.

High and stable yield (calcium fruit). Therefore, where conditions permit, it is still necessary to water and topdressing. Generally, it is enough to apply fertilizer three times a year.

Before flowering, during fruit expansion and after harvest. It is best to apply fruit tree compound fertilizer to the roots. Add 5- 10 kg to the fertilizer.

Ferrous sulfate (black alum). Generally, each time it is about 60 kilograms per mu, the effect of straight furrow application is better than that of spread application, and each topdressing should be combined with watering.

Water. In the later stage of fruit expansion, foliar topdressing should be done more than twice, and foliar spraying can choose urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and organic iron fertilizer.

To make up for the urgent demand for nutrients in fruit development. The watering time and frequency can be determined according to the soil water shortage, and the number of times in spring should be less than each time.

Full, conducive to raising the ground temperature. It is best not to water the flowers during flowering to prevent them from getting wet and rotten. Before the land is frozen, water it with enough frozen water.

In order to help the roots resist freezing and alleviate the drought in early spring next year.

5. Pruning: After planting, the seedlings should be appropriately shortened above the ground, and the branches with the thickness less than 1 mm should be thoroughly thinned, and the length of the branches should be greater than.

When the branches of 30cm are cut to 25-30cm, the trunk of the seedlings is generally 30-40cm, and the top is about 5- 10cm.

Cut off this area. Generally, it germinates underground in the first year 1 root bud, far away from the mother plant, l-2 in the second year, and then.

Seedlings are determined according to the development of the main cluster. Generally, the main branches are completely updated in 3-5 years, and the new main branches are mainly new roots.

After culture, the fruiting branches can bear fruit at will or be cut to 15-20cm, depending on the branch thickness.

6. Thinning flowers and fruits: For large seedlings of more than one year, they should be appropriately cut short in early spring. Branches with base thickness less than 1mm should be completely penetrated.

Thinning at the bottom, too long branches can be cut to less than 30 cm, the trunk of seedlings is generally kept at 30-40 cm, and the top is about 5- 10.

The branches of cm are generally underdeveloped and should be cut off. Generally, 1-2 underground sprouting basal branches and tillers can be retained every year for the first three years.

If you keep too much, the original main branch will soon weaken. How much to keep depends on the development of the main branches in front. Every future

In 2008, some weak upper branches should be updated and pruned, and the perennial main stems can be shortened by short shearing to make them reach Dan Cong.

There are 6-7 tillers and basic branches, and 20-30 annual robust branches. In order to obtain higher yield and bigger fruit, it is usually produced every year.

A plant can keep about 200 fruits, distributed on 3-4 basic branches and more than a dozen branches. The fruit thinning period can be when the fruit grows to

When soybeans were young.

7. Pest control: Prunus humilis (calcareous fruit) has fewer pests and diseases. Spraying lime-sulfur mixture of 3 degrees before germination can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

Healthy. When it is rainy and wet, triadimefon can be used to prevent powdery mildew, streptomycin can prevent leaf perforation, and intercropping with other fruit trees.

The harm of fruit eaters should be prevented and controlled, and pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue such as Kung Fu, Aifuding and Phoxim should be selected. From May to June,

Spray medicine within 2-3 days after rain. Imidacloprid can control aphids. "There is water under the hoe, and there is fire under the hoe", so it is possible to loosen the soil and weed frequently.

Very effectively reduce the competition between weeds and Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) for water and fertilizer, and increase ventilation and light transmission.

The promotion and development prospect of Prunus humilis is good. Prunus humilis is a unique wild economic plant in China.

The potential of industrial development, the growing demand for calcium, iron and convenient green drinks is Prunus humilis (calcium fruit)

Deep processing provides a very broad and possible development prospect, and provides unlimited business opportunities for medical care and food and beverage industries. Prunus humilis (

Consumption of fruit juice, fruit wine, preserved fruit, etc. Will be popular and will last for a long time; The nut of calcium fruit has the functions of detumescence, diuresis and laxative.

, is a good medicinal material, the market price of medicinal materials is not unreasonable, and the pharmaceutical industry can also process it. Prunus humilis with higher oil rate (

The high oleic acid content of calcium nut oil is comparable to olive oil; The natural pigment extracted from pericarp can form crystals and will definitely become food additives.

The darling of brokers; The rich fragrance of fruit has long been valued by people in the spice processing industry.

The vast and cheap barren hills and slopes make it possible to plant Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) in a large area, which is easy to grow, live and bear fruit.

Its deep processing provides abundant raw materials for production, and the huge market demand has injected enough power into the processing industry. Prunus humilis (calcium-containing fruit) should

Industrialization will become the knowledge of more and more people. The stems and leaves of calcium fruit can be fed to cattle and driven by its huge biomass.

The development of animal husbandry. Because this tree species has a large number of seedlings per mu, the planting density can generally reach 1 1,000-2,000 plants, and it produces calcium fruits.

At the same time, it can also drive and promote the development of seedling production in various places. It is reported that the plant cologne technology was invented by researcher Li Changxiao.

Large-scale rapid production of Prunus humilis seedlings at low cost can lay a good foundation for the construction of industrial raw material base.

A good foundation saves the time of base construction and the cost of project investment. China's economic development and ecological protection often produce a lot.

Contradictory, government departments often have a feeling that they can't have both, and they are helpless. Most farmers think more: hope is rising.

Developing economic forests and improving ecology can bring high direct economic benefits to oneself. Most traditional cash trees are not just water.

Soil conservation ability and stress resistance are poor. In areas with poor environmental conditions, there is little room for developing economic forests and creating a higher economy.

The possibility of economic benefits is even smaller. In fact, it is difficult to balance economic benefits and ecological benefits. There are also the characteristics of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit)

Sex and potential high efficiency can just help solve this problem. Therefore, in today's vast areas of central, western, eastern and northeastern China,

In the process of improving ecology and guiding farmers to increase their income, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has great selectivity. I believe China is.

After the large-scale development of Caenocarpus humilis, it will form a line in its processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, animal husbandry and seedling industry.

Unify the good situation of industrial development.

At present, the industrialization development of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) market in China is still in the stage of gradual advancement, which is of great significance to the government, enterprises and enterprises in various regions.

Now is the best time for people of insight to invest in this project. With the deepening of the research and development of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) and the guidance of the national forestry department.

The gradual establishment of a large-scale raw material base will promote the healthy development of Prunus humilis industry and promote the economic and industrial development of many provinces and regions in China.

It will have a great impact on the sustainable development of agricultural economy in mountainous areas of China and even the world.