16 16 (forty-four years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, the first year of the mandate of the late Jin Dynasty), the founder of the Qing Dynasty, Nurhachi, was known as Khan, and his country name was Daikin, which was called "the late Jin Dynasty" in history. 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, the first year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty), Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor and changed his name to "Qing". 1644 (the 17th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), Dashun Army of Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty perished. Wu Sangui, a general of the Ming Dynasty stationed in Shanhaiguan, was demoted to the Qing Dynasty, and the Regent of the Qing Dynasty, Dourgen, commanded the Qing army to enter Shanhaiguan and defeated the peasant army greatly. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty moved to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the ruler of the whole country.

Jurchen nationality is the predecessor of Manchu. Originated from Su Shen more than 2000 years ago, it was called Yilou in the Han and Jin Dynasties, Buji (pronounced Moji) in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Honghong in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and once established the Bohai Kingdom. In Liao and Jin Dynasties, it was called "Jurchen", and in Liao books, it was also called "Jurchen". The Jin Dynasty was founded by the Jurchen nationality. Jurchen has been living in the northeast since the Yuan Dynasty.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen nationality was divided into three parts: Jianzhou Jurchen, Haixi Jurchen and barbarian Jurchen. Later, it was divided into four parts by region: Jianzhou, Changbai, Donghai and Hulun. In the Ming Dynasty, Liaodong Dusi and Nuergan Dusi were established in the northeast as management institutions, and all the departments of Jurchen surrendered to the Ming Dynasty. The ruler of the Qing Dynasty was Ai Xinjue Roche, a jurchen and a native of Jianzhou. Mengge Timur (the sixth ancestor of Nurhachi, later named the ancestor of Zhaozu), the leader of Jurchen in Jianzhou and the commander-in-chief of Zuo Wei in Ming Dynasty, was killed in 1433 due to tribal conflict. 1440, Jianzhou moved south and finally settled in Hetuala. After the Nanzhou Nuzhen Department moved to the south, it was closely linked with the Ming Dynasty, and the social productivity of the Jianzhou Department was improved and the economy was prosperous.

1583, Ai Xinjue Luo Nurhachi was appointed as the left-back commander of Jianzhou, of which 13 were left by ancestors. They successively merged the Jurchen Department of Haixi, conquered the Jurchen Department of Donghai and unified all the Jurchen departments. He also built cities, appointed ministers, made laws, handled lawsuits and established the Eight Banners system. According to the form of military organization, the Eight Banners system compiled Nuzhen, and carried out war and production activities under the control of nobles. It is a social organization that unites the army and the people. The Eight Banners system promoted the development of Jurchen society and consolidated Nurhachi's dominant position.

16 16, Nurhachi established himself as Khan in Hetuala, and his country name was Jin (later Jin in history), which established the fate of Yuan and openly rebelled against the Ming government. 16 18, Nurhachi published "Seven Hats" and vowed to denounce the Ming Dynasty, which shocked the whole country. 16 19, the Ming dynasty was defeated in the battle of Salhu, and within a few years, it lost more than 70 cities in Liaodong.

162 1 year, Nurhachi captured Liaoyang and Shenyang and moved the capital to Liaoyang. /kloc-in the spring of 0/625, Nurhachi decided to move the capital to Shenyang despite the opposition of Baylor ministers. On the third day of the third lunar month, after paying homage to the ancestral tomb, he led 100 officials from Tokyo (Liaoyang) to spend the night at the Tiger Skin Post and arrived in Shenyang the next day. Since then, Shenyang has become the ruling center of the post-Jin regime. However, Nurhachi was seriously injured by the artillery fire of the Ming army in the battle of Ningyuan in 1626, and died soon. The eighth son Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne. He continued to launch an offensive against the Ming Dynasty, and joined hands with various Mongolian ministries, and his influence continued to expand.

1635, Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty abolished the old clan name "Shen Zhu" and decided to rename it "Manchuria". 1636, the Qing Dynasty surrendered to Monan Mongolia. In the same year, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, changed "Jin" to "Qing", formally established the Qing Dynasty, and changed his country name to Chongde.

1640, the Song and Jin Wars broke out in Ming and Qing Dynasties. 1642, Hong Chengchou was captured in Songshan and Zu Dashou surrendered in Jinzhou. The battle of Jinsong marked the complete collapse of the Ming Dynasty's defense system in Liaodong, and Ningyuan became an isolated city outside the customs.

1644, Dashun army led by Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty committed suicide in Jingshan behind the imperial city under the siege of peasant army. Wu Sangui, the Ming general stationed in Shanhaiguan, was cleared. The Regent of Qing Dynasty, Dourgen, commanded the Eight Banners to enter the customs, with Wu Sangui as the leader, defeated the peasant army of Dashun and occupied Beijing. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty moved to Beijing to pay homage to the ancestors of heaven and earth, claiming that he was the monarch of all China.