Since ancient times, there have been many years of ox in history. 190 1 year, which is worth mentioning separately. This year is one of the years in the 20th century, and it is also one of the years of the ox in the 20th century. Many important events have taken place, some of which are still influential today.
For the people of China, what happened in 190 1 was the signing of the Treaty of Sorrow and Sorrow.
Li Hongzhang participated in the negotiation of the Xin Chou Treaty.
190 1 On September 7th (25th day of the seventh lunar month), the plenipotentiary of the Qing Dynasty, Prince Yi Kuang of Qing Dynasty and Governor Li Hongzhang of Zhili, and plenipotentiaries of Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands 1 signed the Treaty of Xin Chou in Beijing.
According to the Xin Chou Treaty, the Qing Dynasty paid 450 million taels of silver to 1 1. This is a shameful data. Because there were only 450 million people in China at that time. Since the Qing dynasty could not pay so many reparations at one time, it was agreed to pay reparations in 39 years, and the total principal and interest to be paid was 982,238150 silver.
Scenes of the signing of the Xin Chou Treaty
Because Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China dealt a great blow to the Qing court, the Qing court was forced to launch and implement the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty. On April 2 1 this year, the Qing court set up a supervision administrative department, which was responsible for Chinese studies, official system, imperial examination, official administration, finance, commerce, diplomacy, criminal law and other affairs.
At that time, the procuratorate gathered a group of powerful figures, including Li Hongzhang, Rong Lu, Kungang, Lu, Qu and others. Yi Kuang, Prince of the Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang, Governor of Zhili, and Rong Lu, Minister of Military Affairs, are all people we are familiar with.
At the end of Qing Dynasty, the New Deal was carried out in an orderly manner under the impetus of the Supervision and Administration Office.
Cabinet formed by Yi Kuang
-On August 29th, the Qing court ordered to stop the martial arts 1300 imperial examination, and the system of selecting military talents in the imperial examination came to an end. 1898, the Reform Movement of 1898 became the last martial arts imperial examination.
Zhang Sanjia became the last martial arts champion. 1905, after the last exam, the imperial examination for liberal arts was stopped.
—— 10 On June 55438+05, Shandong University Hall was established, and the first president was the famous industrialist Zhou. Shandong University Hall is the predecessor of Shandong University and the second national university in China after Shi Jing University Hall. In the next few years, universities, middle schools, primary schools and even normal schools mushroomed everywhere.
Shandong University
However, the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty "thundered loudly, but rained little", which finally failed to meet people's expectations and created conditions for the outbreak of 1911 to some extent.
"The house leaks when it rains all night, and the ship blows late." The troubled Qing Dynasty lost another important figure, Li Hongzhang. 165438+1October 7, two months after the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty", Li Hongzhang died in Beijing at the age of 79.
Although people have different opinions about Li Hongzhang, everyone has to admit that he is an indispensable man of the hour in the late Qing Dynasty. His death was a great loss to the Qing court. After Li Hongzhang's death, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu both felt "shocked". They sent Prince Gong Puwei and Prince Zai Feng to drink libation, offer sacrifices, offer officers and teachers, award the first-class Marquis, posthumous title "Wenzhong", and give five thousand two hundred pieces of silver to treat the funeral.
The Empress
Of course, there are reports.
654381October 2, Harbin Songhua River Bridge was opened to traffic. As a part of Dong Qing Railway, the bridge was officially started on May 1900, and was fully completed on August 22nd 190 1. It is the earliest railway bridge on Songhua River and one of the river-crossing bridges in Harbin. 1962 overhaul of Songhua River Bridge in Harbin has given this old bridge, which has experienced more than half a century of wind and rain, a new vitality and stands today.
This is the case in China. What about abroad?
On June 65438+1 October1of this year, Australia colonized Britain and established the Australian Federation, which was passed; 654381October 22nd, Queen Victoria of England died of illness, and Edward VII succeeded to the throne, and Britain ushered in a male king since 1837. On March 2 1, a famous scientist who graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich obtained Swiss nationality. 1940. After joining American citizenship, he still retains Swiss citizenship. On September 6th, the 25th william mckinley of the United States was shot by an innocent man named Ang George while attending the Pan-American Expo in Buffalo, and died in the hospital. Eight days later, theodore roosevelt was sworn in as the 26th President of the United States. 65438+February 10, in which many awards were won for the first time, such as Roentgen Physics Award, Fantoff Chemistry Award, Bering Physiology or Medicine Award, Prudholm Literature Award, Du Nan and Percy Peace Prize. ...
65438+February 65438+February, the radio waves from the telegraph system invented by Italian physicist Guillermo Marconi crossed the vast Atlantic Ocean for the first time and successfully reached Johns, Newfoundland, Canada. Europe and America were linked by radio waves for the first time.
Marconi
This is a far-reaching problem. Radio waves have changed the world and history. Marconi was therefore included in the "list of 100 celebrities who influenced the course of human history", ranking 4 1.
The above is about the year of the ox and how old it is, and it is a sharing of China's modern history. I have seen the years and years of the Year of the Ox, I hope this will help everyone!