Physics in the modern sense was born in Europe from 15 to 17 century. People generally compare European history? As the social background of the history of physics. From ancient times to the 5th century, it is an ancient historical period. The 5th-13rd century was the Middle Ages; 14 to 16 is the Renaissance. The period from 16 to 17 was the scientific revolution, during which modern science represented by N. Copernicus, Galileo and Newton appeared.

Since then, science has developed with the changes of the century. In the past half century, according to the characteristics of the history of physics, its development can be roughly divided into the following stages: from ancient times to the Middle Ages, it is an ancient period. From Renaissance to19th century, it is a period of classical physics. Newtonian mechanics reached its peak in this period. The concepts of time and space, matter and causality have influenced the disciplines of light, sound, heat and electromagnetism.

It even affects natural science and social science other than physics. With the advent of the 20th century, quantum theory and relativity appeared one after another. The new concepts of time and space, probability theory and uncertainty relation have replaced the related concepts of Newtonian mechanics in macro and micro fields, and people call this period the period of modern physics.

Extended data:

Galileo galilei (1564~ 1642), the founder of modern human physics, laid the foundation for the scientific development of modern human physics. Quantum mechanics was established from 1900 to 1926. Fermi Dirac statistics was established in 1926. 1927 established the Bloch wave theory. 1928 sommerfeld proposed the band conjecture. 1929, Peierls put forward the concepts of forbidden band and hole.

In the same year, Bette put forward the concept of Fermi surface. 1947, Bardeen, bratton and shockley of Bell Laboratories invented the transistor, marking the beginning of the information age. 1957, Pippard measured the first photon of Fermi surface superlattice nanomaterial. 1958 integrated circuit invented by jack kilby. Large-scale integrated circuits appeared in the 1970s.

Development prospect:

Graduates majoring in applied physics are mainly engaged in scientific research, teaching, technology development and related management in physics or related science and technology fields. Scientific research includes the research and application of frontier problems in physics, technological development includes the application of new physical materials such as semiconductors, and the development of applied instruments such as medical instruments, biological instruments and scientific research instruments.

The employment scope of applied physics specialty covers the whole field of physics and engineering, integrates physics theory and practice, and interpenetrates with many disciplines. Students majoring in applied physics can become experts in many engineering fields if they have a solid theoretical foundation and practical experience in physics. China trains about 12000 undergraduates majoring in applied physics every year.

The majors that cross this major include physics, engineering physics, semiconductors, materials, etc. In terms of talent demand, the demand for talents majoring in applied physics in China is still in short supply.

Baidu encyclopedia-history of physics