Human population
The total population is more than 52010.5 million (including floating population), including 257,400 in cities and towns (floating population10.07 million) and 2,645,438+0.000 in agricultural and pastoral areas. There are 3/kloc-0 ethnic groups in the city, including Tibetan, Han and Hui, and the population of Tibetans and other ethnic minorities accounts for more than 90%.
administrative division
Now it has jurisdiction over Chengguan District and 7 counties:
* Counties: Linzhou County, Dazi County, Nimu County, Dangxiong County, Qushui County, Mozhugongka County and Duilong Deqing County.
culture
Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka are listed as world cultural heritages. Drepung monastery and Sera Temple are also famous temples in Tibet.
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traffic
* Lhasa Gongga Airport
* Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total length of 65,438+0,080 kilometers, was completed in June 2005 and will be officially opened to traffic in 2007.
Scenic spots/tourist attractions
* Potala Palace
* Jokhang Temple
:: Norbulingka
* Bajiao Street
* Namco [/url]
* Yang Zhuo Yongcuo
* Yangbajing
"Sunshine City" Lhasa
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has high terrain, thin air, low dust and water vapor content and high transparency, so the sunshine is strong. The total sunshine hours in the whole year are 2500-3000 hours, which is 50%- 100% more than that in hilly areas of the south of the Yangtze River and Sichuan Basin. It is the region with the largest solar radiation energy in China, and the total annual radiation is generally 160 × 4 188. The latitude of Lhasa is south, and the solar altitude angle is large, with an altitude of 3,700 meters. The solar radiation is very strong, and its solar radiation is as high as 202× 465,438+084 J/cm2, while the cold lake in Qinghai with the most sunshine hours in China is only 65,438+068× 465,438+084 J/cm2. Lhasa, a city with high sunshine intensity, is also rare in the world. Meanwhile, the sunshine hours in Lhasa can reach 3005 hours. Compared with the same latitude areas, such as 2087 hours in Ningbo and 1 188 hours in Chongqing, the sunshine hours in Lhasa are far less than those in plain and coastal cities. Lhasa receives solar radiation energy per square meter per hour, which is equivalent to the heat released by 1000 watt electric furnace 1 hour. This is a famous "Sunlight City".
1, administrative division of Lhasa 195 1 peaceful liberation of Tibet, 1959 carried out democratic reforms and opened a new era of socialist construction in Tibetan history. Lhasa was formally established on 1960, and is now a prefecture-level city, with jurisdiction over Chengguan District, Duilong Deqing, Qushui, Nimu, Dangxiong, Dazi, Mozhugongka and Linzhou, with an east-west span of 277 kilometers, a north-south span of 202 kilometers, a total area of 30,000 square kilometers and a built-up area of 54 square kilometers. The total population is more than 52010.5 million (including floating population), including 257,400 in cities and towns (floating population10.07 million) and 2,645,438+0.000 in agricultural and pastoral areas. There are 3/kloc-0 ethnic groups in the city, including Tibetan, Han and Hui, and the population of Tibetans and other ethnic minorities accounts for more than 90%. Lhasa has always been the political, economic and cultural center and transportation hub of Tibet, and it is also the holy land of Tibetan Buddhism. In the long historical process, it has experienced the baptism of civilization and the prosperity and continuation of culture, and accumulated and precipitated rich achievements of civilization and cultural heritage. It is famous for its beautiful scenery, long history, splendid culture, unique customs, numerous places of interest and strong religious color. It is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in the State Council and one of the excellent tourist cities in China.
At present, in accordance with the strategy of "expanding eastward and westward and developing across the Lhasa River", Lhasa has continuously expanded its built-up areas, and the construction of three new areas, namely Dongcheng District, Liuwu New Area and National Economic and Technological Development Zone, has been fully started. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will be completed in 2006 and officially opened to traffic in 2007. By then, the city size and population size of Lhasa will be further expanded.
2. Lhasa economy
(A) the city's comprehensive economic strength. Since the 1990s, Lhasa's national economy has developed rapidly and healthily with an average annual double-digit rate. In 2003, the GDP reached 6.424 billion yuan, more than double that of 1.997, accounting for 1.3 of the region's GDP, and the per capita GDP reached 1. 1.9 times, which was higher than the regional average. Local fiscal revenue reached 245 million yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 1 1.46%. The scale of investment in fixed assets continues to expand. Since 1994, Lhasa has actively sought state investment and tried to stimulate private investment. The investment scale is from small to large, the number of projects is from small to large, the scope of implementation is from point to area, and the implementation location is expanded from cities to agricultural and pastoral areas. A number of projects such as agriculture and animal husbandry, ecological environment protection, municipal facilities, transportation and energy, education, culture, health, public security, public security and grass-roots political power construction have been completed, with a total investment of 5.6 billion yuan at the municipal level, 62 aid projects with a total amount of more than 500,000 yuan in Beijing and Jiangsu provinces, and a total amount of aid funds and materials of more than 500 million yuan. Efforts have been made to improve the very weak basic conditions in the national economy, and the contribution rate of investment to the economic growth of our city has reached over 60%. In 2003, there were 160 construction projects in the city, of which 62 were 96 key projects. The total investment in fixed assets reached 8 billion yuan, the municipal investment scale reached 2 billion yuan, and the private investment reached 4 10 billion yuan.
(2) structural adjustment was intensified, the economic structure was further optimized, and economic benefits were improved. In 2003, the proportion of three industries was 9.96:23.89:66. 15, which initially formed four patterns: urban economy, suburban modern agricultural economy, industrial base and agricultural product supply base. Since 1988, the agricultural and animal husbandry production has been bumper for 16 years. In 2000, a historic turning point was achieved in the basic self-sufficiency of grain, oil and meat. Most people basically solved the problem of food and clothing, and some people reached a well-off living standard. In 2003, the total output of grain and oil reached 367 million Jin, which was more than 7 times higher than that of 1959. There are 6,543.8+0,700 heads of livestock (1 horse), an increase of 85% over 654.38+0.959. The adjustment of agricultural and animal husbandry industrial structure has been steadily advanced, forming suburban agricultural and animal husbandry industrial belt, valley animal husbandry industrial belt and agricultural product processing industrial zone. Three leading agricultural enterprises/kloc-0 have been cultivated, such as Tibetan medicine, yak bone meal, dairy products, highland barley wine, highland barley cereal, etc., which has expanded the contracted agricultural scale and further developed characteristic products and industrialized operation. In 2003, the total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry in the city reached 436,543.8 billion yuan, the output value of township enterprises reached 505 million yuan, and the income from diversified operations reached 299 million yuan. Lhasa has modern industries such as electricity, minerals, textiles, building materials, Tibetan medicine, food, printing, beverages and leather. A modern industrial system with Lhasa characteristics has been formed and gradually developed. Since the reform and opening up, with the establishment of a modern enterprise system as the goal and the reform of property rights system as the breakthrough, the assets reorganization and shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises have been promoted, and the "three twos" goals of state-owned enterprises' reform and extricating themselves from difficulties have been basically achieved, and the overall management level, operating efficiency and market competitiveness of state-owned enterprises have been significantly improved. In 2003, the sales revenue was 498 million yuan, up by 23.05%, and the net profit was 268 1 10,000 yuan. Pillar industries and characteristic industries such as tourism, commerce and trade, minerals, building materials, Tibetan medicine, plateau-specific creatures and green food (beverage) development, and real estate have begun to take shape. The degree of marketization has improved, the commodity market system has been basically established, the factor market has been continuously developed, and the basic role of the market in resource allocation has been continuously enhanced, basically forming a diversified economic pattern with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together. At present, there are 47 large-scale markets in Lhasa, with more than 0/00 commercial outlets per 10,000 people. Emerging industries such as finance, insurance, real estate, information consultation and social services have developed rapidly. Non-public ownership economy has become an important part of our city's economic development. By 2003, there were 5 12 private enterprises registered in our city with a registered capital of 309 million yuan. The number of individual industrial and commercial households reached 18395 with a registered capital of 286 million yuan. There are 35,899 employees in the non-public economy, and the tax payment accounts for 76.67% of the city's total tax revenue. In 2003, the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 2.8 billion yuan. With the growth of income, the growth rate of urban residents' consumption expenditure has increased. In 2003, per capita consumption expenditure accounted for more than 35% of income, which effectively boosted economic growth.
(3) Expanding reform and opening up and initially establishing the basic framework of the socialist market economic system. In accordance with the general requirements of "consistency with the national framework and system convergence" and the principle of "active and steady, gradual and appropriate flexibility", the system reform in the fields of planning, investment, taxation, price, grain circulation and finance has been carried out in synchronization with the whole country, gradually breaking the institutional obstacles of the planned economy and realizing the profound transformation from the planned economy to the market economy. A distribution system of "distribution according to work and coexistence of various distribution modes" has been initially formed, which has promoted the transformation of the housing system from physical distribution to commercialization and monetization. The pension, unemployment and medical insurance systems adapted to the socialist market economic system have been established, and the "three social security lines" have been established, and the minimum living security for urban residents has been basically guaranteed. The basic pension for retired employees of enterprises will be socialized, and all registered laid-off workers will be re-employed. Significant progress has been made in the transformation of government functions, from planning instructions to macro-control, from administrative orders to the use of economic and legal means, from examination and approval to service, and some progress has been made in establishing a clean, efficient and pragmatic government management mechanism, which has intensified external publicity and improved the visibility and attractiveness of Lhasa. We have strengthened communication, exchanges and cooperation with domestic and foreign countries in the fields of economy, science and technology, talents and culture. The counterpart assistance in Beijing and Jiangsu has been continuously developed in depth, and various forms of investment promotion activities have been carried out. In recent years, more and more economic organizations and individuals have come to Lhasa for investment, business and tourism. Other provinces and cities have set up offices in our city 10, with more than 654.38 million migrant workers and 5 foreign enterprises110. Since 1998, our city has introduced 66 projects through attracting investment, with an investment of 785 million yuan and an output value of nearly 800 million yuan. With the start of the national Lhasa Economic and Technological Development Zone and Liu Wu New District, it will become a powerful driving force and a new economic growth point for our city to expand its opening up, attract investment and cultivate industries. With the development of friendly relations between China and neighboring countries, Lhasa will become an important opening window for foreign economic and trade, technical cooperation and cultural exchanges in southwest China to the South Asian subcontinent.
(4) People's living standards and quality have been improved. From 1993 to 2003, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in our city increased by 10.8% annually, and the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen increased by 14.5% annually. In 2003, the per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 86 10 yuan, in which the expenditure on medical care, education, housing, equipment, supplies and services increased significantly. The per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen reached 2 180 yuan, the labor export was more than 79,800 people (times), and the labor income was 9 1.7 million yuan. The per capita medical expenses of farmers and herdsmen are in 32 yuan, and those of farmers and herdsmen in Chengguan District reach 44 yuan. There are 53 nursing homes in the city, including counties and districts. At present, 35 1 elderly people live happily in nursing homes. In 2000, our city opened the first SOS Children's Village to adopt and help orphans 1 10. From the implementation of the Eighth Five-Year Plan to 2002, the city has implemented a total of 37 poverty alleviation and development projects 137, and resettled 632 poor farmers and herdsmen in different places. In 2003, 65.438+0.7 billion yuan was invested to build 9 rural roads. Solved the drinking water problem of 49 thousand people and 320 thousand livestock; Implementation of poverty alleviation projects 17, relocation of 97 poverty alleviation households with 535 people and relocation of 16 1 household with 897 people. At present, the relocation of 457 Kaschin-Beck disease patients in Nimu County and the renovation of rural houses along the national highway have also been fully started, and efforts will be made to complete them before Daqing next year. 35 14 people are employed through various channels, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns is 3.8%.
(5) All social undertakings have made overall progress. At present, there are 602 primary and secondary schools in Lhasa, with more than 70,000 students, 45 times that of 195 1. The enrollment rate of school-age children has reached more than 98% from less than 2% of 195 1, and the illiteracy rate of young and middle-aged people has dropped by 50 percentage points compared with that before peaceful liberation. In 2002-2003, we took the lead in achieving the goals of "Popularizing Six" and "Popularizing Nine" in the whole region, and basically eliminated illiteracy among young people. The city's medical and health institutions are sound, and a comprehensive medical and epidemic prevention health care system has basically taken shape. The cooperative medical system has been implemented in agricultural and pastoral areas, achieving the goal of primary health care for all. The average immunization coverage rate reached over 98%, and the average life expectancy was extended from 36 to 67 years. The broadcasting industry has grown from scratch, from small to large. In 2000, the project of "covering every village" of radio and television in agricultural and pastoral areas was completed, and 248 cultural centers, stations and rooms in counties, townships and villages were built, and 203 radio and television stations of various types were built, with 108 reconstruction and expansion. The radio coverage rate reached 90.7%, and the TV coverage rate reached 92.75%, which was extremely high. Lhasa has been rated as a national model city of double support for three times in a row, and in 2002 it was rated as an advanced urban area of national spiritual civilization creation.
(6) The people fully enjoy the right to religious belief. Both religious and non-religious people are protected by law, and the religious beliefs of religious people are fully respected and protected. There are 260 places for religious activities in the city, including 258 Tibetan Buddhist temples and 2 Islamic mosques, with a total of 6,657 monks and nuns. All counties, townships and villages have places for religious activities. Since 1980, the main traditional religious activities and festivals in temples have been gradually restored, and since 1995, many traditional religious festivals have been restored, which have been welcomed by the majority of monks and nuns and religious believers.
(7) The system of regional ethnic autonomy has been fully and correctly implemented. The state practices a system of regional ethnic autonomy in Tibet. According to the Constitution and the Law on Regional National Autonomy, people of all ethnic groups in Tibet have the right to vote and stand for election at the age of 18, and can exercise their rights and manage their own ethnic affairs through democratically elected representatives. People of all ethnic groups have the right to use their own spoken and written languages. All primary and secondary schools teach in Tibetan and Chinese. At present, laws, regulations, decisions, resolutions and notices issued by Lhasa municipal government are in Tibetan and Chinese, and newspapers, radio and television are in Tibetan and Chinese. Since the peaceful liberation, Lhasa has formed a cadre team with Tibetan cadres as the main body. Tibetan and other ethnic minority cadres account for more than 80% of the total number of cadres in the city. Among cadres at or above the county level, Tibetans and other ethnic minority cadres account for 65.4%, and among municipal leaders, Tibetan cadres account for 67.4%. Among them, the main leaders of the Municipal Party Committee, the National People's Congress, the government and the CPPCC are all Tibetan cadres. Tibetans and other ethnic minorities accounted for more than 80% of all NPC deputies.