The deepest submarine depression in the world. Located to the east of Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It is an arc-shaped depression on the seabed, extending over 2550 kilometers with an average width of 69 kilometers. There is a small and steep valley at the bottom of the main ditch. 1899, Nero Haiyuan was discovered in the southeast of Guam, with a depth of 9660 meters. This record was not surpassed until 30 years later, when an abyss of 98 14 meters was found nearby. During the 1957 International Geophysical Year, the depth measured by the USS Warrior was 10990 meters. Then a new record of11.034m appeared. 1960 65438+1On October 23rd, the U.S. Navy used the French-made submarine Trieste, setting a trench diving record of10,911m..
1984, the Japanese sent the high-energy professional exploration vehicle "Takuyo" into the Mariana Trench, and collected data with multi-narrow beam echo locators. The maximum depth measured was 1 1, 040.4 1 m (also recorded as 10 abroad). The most accurate record was measured at the depth of 10, 9 1 1 m on March 24th, 1995 by Japanese probe Kaiko.
Extended data:
The discovery process of the deepest groove
1899, the depth of Neiluo source measured for the first time in the southeast of Guam was 9660 meters. This record has been maintained for 30 years. A depth of 9814m was found near 1929.
195 1 year, the Royal Navy aircraft Challenger II first measured the trench, and its deepest part was named Challenger Abyss. Challenger II was located at the depth of119' n, 142 15' E by echo. In this way, the probe repeatedly emits sound waves through the gradual depth, and then the earphone captures the echo, and the speed of the echo device is timed by the hand-held code table. Therefore, it is prudent to subtract a scale (20? ), so as to get the data of10863m.
1957, an ocean research ship named "Fichaz" from the Institute of Oceanography of the Soviet Academy of Sciences made a detailed exploration of the Mariana Trench, and in August 18, an especially deep abyss was found in its southwest with an ultrasonic detector. 1960, the U.S navy's submersible Trieste created a submarine to dive into the trench 109655.
It is generally believed that the ocean plate collided with the continental plate. Because of the high density of rocks and the low position of the ocean plate, it dives under the continental plate and gradually melts into the mantle and disappears. Trenches will form where collisions occur, and island arcs and coastal mountains will often form near the mainland. These places are all areas with strong geological activities, which are manifested as volcanoes and earthquakes. This is the deepest trench in the world.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Fichaz Haiyuan
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Haiyuan