When I was a child, I heard a story about Yang Shousan Pass in the storytelling Yang Jiajiang. At that time, I didn't quite understand what this "three customs" meant, but I felt it was related to the military. Later, I learned that this facility was built in an important place, a dangerous place and a main road of a country. As a transportation hub and military access control, it also has the function of collecting taxes economically. In the history of China for thousands of years, there have been many famous passes, in which colorful and magnificent chapters have been left. Let's sort out the famous "Guan" in China's history and see what they have: the article covers all the "Guan" location maps 1 and Hangu Guan. Because it is located in the main road between the Central Plains and Guanzhong in history, there have been many famous wars and stories, so this pass is a famous pass in Chinese history. During the Warring States and the Qin Dynasty, Hanguguan was located in the west of lingbao city, Henan Province, with a narrow and dangerous road, so it was named Hanguguan. Warring States policy? Qin Ce said, "Qin Xi has a solid belief, so the car can't be square and the ride can't be combined." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty moved Qin Guan to the northeast of Xin 'an County for the Han Dynasty. Tongguan, like Hangu Pass, is also a famous pass in the history of China, and it has been a battleground for military strategists since the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties. Tongguan is located in today's Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province. It is named because it is close to water supply. In ancient times, it was called Taolinsai, which was the east gate of Guanzhong. Tongguan has a far-reaching influence in history than Hanguguan, and its importance lies in its long duration, which has been continuously repaired in the Warring States, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. The wars in Tongguan in history are even more difficult to count. After the completion of Sanmenxia Reservoir, all the bricks in Tongguan City were demolished, leaving only the earth wall. Hanguguan, Tongguan, Dasanguan, Wuguan 3 and Dasanguan are located in the southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, and are the throats of Chencang Road, which controlled the traffic between Qin and Shu in history. As early as the Shu and Han dynasties, the Big Three Pass was occupied by the Shu army many times, and Song and Jin also fought near the Big Three Pass. Today, the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway and baoji-chengdu railway pass through the territory, and a monument to the "Ancient Three Passes" is erected. In the Song Dynasty, there was a poem, "Snow in the boat at night, the iron horse scattered in the autumn wind", which has been passed down to this day. 4. Wuguan, located in Shanggu, 20 kilometers east of Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province, is also called the fourth fortress of Qin with Tongguan, Xiaoguan and Dasanguan. As early as the Warring States period, Wuguan was an important danger point to get out of Guanzhong from the southeast. Historically, from the Warring States to the Han, Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were records of fighting near this pass, and Liu Bang, Huang Chao and Li Zicheng all left footprints here. Yumenguan is an important contact department established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the Western Regions, which was named after the loss of people in the Western Regions and the passing of jade. Therefore, it is located in Xiaofangcheng, northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu, 80 kilometers southeast of burnt yellow. Now Yumenguan ancient castle has been surrounded by desert. 20 kilometers to the east of Yumenguan in Han Dynasty, there is a big house and a city, which was a munitions warehouse in Han and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, Yumenguan moved eastward to Shuangta Fort in Guazhou County, but the remains were difficult to identify. Yumenguan Pass was an important pass on the Northwest Silk Road during the Han and Tang Dynasties. In the Han dynasty, it was ruled by a captain, and military campaigns and business trips kept going back and forth. There are many famous sentences in history, such as "Why did Qiangdi blame the willow tree, and the spring breeze didn't pass through Yumenguan", "The wind came from thousands of miles and hit the battlements of Yumenguan" and "Why was he born in Yumenguan?" 6. Yangguan, like Yumenguan, is an important pass on the Silk Road in the northwest of China. The pass is located near the antique beach, 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu. Because it is located in the south of Yumen Pass, it is called Yangguan. Archaeological evidence shows that the Yangguan site reached 1 1,000 square meters, which was very prosperous that year. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Yangguan, like Yumenguan, was an important traffic pass on the Northwest Silk Road. In history, Wang Wei left a famous sentence, "Advise you to drink more wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason." Yumenguan, Yangguan, Jiayuguan, tiemenguan 7, Jiayuguan, located in the southwest of Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province, is the end of the western end of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. The present Guancheng was built in the fifth year of Ming Hongwu (1372) and rebuilt in the fourteenth year of Ming Hongzhi (150 1). Jiayuguan in the Ming Dynasty was an important gateway to the northwest, and many ethnic minorities outside the customs took this route to pay tribute, which was an important pass for the Ming army to fight against the northwest ethnic groups. In the Ming dynasty, most of the customs were controlled by ethnic minorities, so it is generally believed that once you leave the customs, it will be desolate and desolate, so there is a saying that "once you leave Jiayuguan, your tears will stop." 8. tiemenguan, located between Yanqi County and Korla City in Xinjiang, is the gateway to the important passage between the ancient Tarim Basin and the southern and northern Xinjiang. As early as the Jin Dynasty, it began to be built, because it was dangerous to be called tiemenguan. The canyon is also called Tieguan Valley, and now it is called Haman Valley. As an important gateway to the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty, tiemenguan was once the pass of Xuanzang in the Tang Dynasty. There is also a tiemenguan in North China, which is now Gubeikou, also called Hubei Kou, located in the northeast of Miyun. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Beikou and Dong Jun were established, and the Song Dynasty was the only place for the envoys of Song and Liao Dynasties. In the second year of Jin Zhenyou (12 14), tiemenguan was established, and Gubeikou City was established in the Ming Dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Gubeikou has become an important north-south transportation hub in North China, and wars have continued. Wushengguan 9. Wushengguan is located at the foot of Jigong Mountain in Dabie Mountain at the junction of Henan and Hubei, bordering Xinyang in Henan in the north and Guangshui in Hubei in the south. Formerly called Zhiyuan, it was called "the bosom of all Chu" in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Qin Dynasty called Wuyang Pass, and the Southern Song Dynasty renamed Wusheng Pass. Together with Pingjing Pass and Jiuliguan Pass, it has been called "Yiyang Three Passes" since ancient times. As early as the Warring States period, the "Three Passes" was the place where Chu and Wu fought, and it became the place where Wei and Liang fought in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Wang Xianzhi in the late Tang Dynasty, Yue Fei in the Song Dynasty, Hong Xiuquan in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the modern warlords in the 20th century all fought fiercely in the three passes. 10 Shanhaiguan, also known as Guan Yu and Lin Yuguan, is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. It is the traffic throat of the Central Plains and Northeast China, and it is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. Known as "the lock and key of the two capitals are unparalleled, and the Great Wall of Wan Li is the first pass". Shanhaiguan was built in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1), so it was named after it was built between mountains and seas. Many important wars in history took place in Shanhaiguan, among which the fighting between Li Zicheng and Wu Sangui was the fiercest. Niangziguan, located at the junction of Hebei and Pingding County, Shanxi Province, is an important gateway for Hebei to enter and leave Shanxi, and is known as the "gateway to Shanxi". 1 1, Niangziguan, formerly known as Weizeguan, was named Niangziguan because Princess Pingyang, the daughter of Li Yuan, led the troops to guard it in the early Tang Dynasty. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Niangziguan has been fighting constantly. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China's army fought fiercely with the Japanese in Niangziguan. Shanhaiguan, Gubeikou, Juyongguan, Yanmenguan, Niangziguan 12 and Juyongguan are located in Changping District, Beijing. It was called Juyongguan in Han Dynasty, Xiguan in Three Kingdoms, Nanguan in Northern Qi Dynasty, Juyongguan, Jimen Pass and Jundu Pass in Tang Dynasty. Later generations called Juyongguan. In the Ming Dynasty, Juyongguan, Daomaguan and Zijingguan were called the "inner three passes" of the Great Wall, which were important barriers to the northwest of Beijing. Since the Song and Ming Dynasties, Juyongguan has been in constant war and has become an ancient battlefield. 13, Yanmenguan, also known as Xijingguan, is 20 kilometers northwest of Daixian County, Shanxi Province. It, together with Ning Wuguan and Pianguan, is called "External Three Passes". Perhaps it is also the position of Yangliuqian guarding the three passes mentioned at the beginning, which is an important pass in the nomadic area of Beitong, Shanxi. The present Guancheng was built in the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1374), and Wanli rebuilt the gatehouse. There are many battles about Yanmenguan in history. During the Warring States Period, Li Mu of Zhao, Li Guang, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing of Korea, Yang Ye of Song and Li Zicheng of Ming all fought in Yanmenguan area. 14, Jianmenguan, located in Jianmenguan Town, Jiange County, Sichuan Province, was called Liangshan in ancient times, namely Dajianshan. Because two mountains stand side by side like doors, they are called sword doors. Jianmenguan is located on Jinniu Road, the traffic artery of Sichuan and Shaanxi in history. It is the most important pass in and out of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and it is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. According to records, Zhuge Liang dug a pavilion road of 15 km between the big and small sword mountains in the Three Kingdoms period, and there were many risks in using the sword gate in the subsequent wars. Because the sword gate is related to the life and death of Sichuan, it is known as "breaking the sword gate is like taking Sichuan" in history. 15, Loushanguan, also known as Louguan and Taipingguan, is located in Daloushan, which is an important pass on the main roads of Sichuan and Guizhou, and also an important natural barrier for Yang, who was separated from Bozhou in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, to resist the imperial court. In the Ming Dynasty, Liu Ling only attacked Loushanguan from behind, and finally defeated Yang Yinglong. The Red Army attacked Loushanguan twice during the Long March, so Chairman Mao left a famous poem, "The road to Xiongguan is as iron as its surface, and now it is a step." Jianmenguan, Loushanguan, Nanjinguan, Qutangguan, Qingxiguan 16 and Nanjinguan, located in the East Gorge of Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, are important passes on the ancient Chu-Shu passage. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cen Peng defeated the Shu army from Nanjinguan and captured Bashu across the river. All previous battles along the Yangtze River have passed through Nanjinguan. 17, Qutang Pass, located at the mouth of Qutang Gorge in Fengjie, Chongqing today, also known as Jiangguan and Tiesuoguan, was an important traffic artery between Bashu and Chu in history, and the water intake roads in past dynasties were controlled by this pass. 18, Qingxi Pass, located in the deep ditch at the junction of Hanyuan County and Ganluo County in Sichuan today, is an important pass from Sichuan to Yunnan in history. In history, the Tang and Nanzhao campaigns entered and exited this pass many times, and the Red Army also marched along this pass. This pass, together with Shimenguan (now Doushaguan, Yanjin County, Yunnan Province), is an important pass for the southern overland Silk Road to enter and leave Yunnan and connect Southeast Asia and South Asia. 19, Meiguan, located in Meiling at the junction of Nanxiong City, Guangdong Province and Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, was called Qin Guan in ancient times, also known as Hengpuguan. Because only Geng Sheng built the city in the Han Dynasty, it was also called Dayu Pass. Historically, it has been known as "the first pass in Lingnan" and "the Xiongguan Pass in South Guangdong". Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, once drove Dayuling Road. Meiguan is famous for its abundant plums. According to legend, General Mei was here in the Han Dynasty, hence the name Meiling. Meiguan is known as "one pass separates the north from the south", and most of the north-south battles in history are related to attacking and defending this pass. Meiguan, Shaoguan No.20 and Shaoguan, located in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, are important gateways for Hunan and Jiangxi provinces to Lingnan. In the fourth year of Song Kaibao (97 1), Pan Mei attacked Liu Ting in the Southern Han Dynasty and fought fiercely in Shaoguan. Since modern times, Shaoguan has always been a battleground for military strategists, and wars have continued. Zhennanguan 2 1 Zhennanguan, located 9 kilometers southwest of Pingyang City, Guangxi Province, also known as Jilingguan, Danian Pass and Jieshou Pass, was founded in the Ming Dynasty and changed to Zhenlingguan in the sixth year of Yongle (1408). 1953 was renamed Munanguan, and 1965 was renamed Friendship Pass. This gateway is an important gateway for China to Southeast Asia. In modern history, the town of Nanguan triumphed, and zhongshan town Nanguan Uprising. Xianxiaguan 22, Xianxiaguan, in the southwest of bao an xiang, Jiangshan City, Zhejiang Province, is an important throat for Zhejiang to enter Fujian. There are six passes on the ridge, and each pass has two doors. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led an army to capture Xianxia Pass, escorted 700 Li and went to Jianzhou. Later, the Ming Dynasty Ye Miner Uprising, the Liu Yongfu Peasant War and the confrontation with the Qing army all caused fierce fighting in Xiaguan County. Is that your understanding? What other customs have I not listed? Welcome to discuss at the bottom of the article.