1. The common ancestor of humans and apes is (a)

A. forest ape B. gibbon C. macaque D. chimpanzee

2. Human life is precious. Do you know where a new life begins? (3)

A. Egg cell B. Sperm C. Fertilized egg D. Baby born

3. The golden age of physical and intellectual development in a person's life is (C)

A. Childhood B. Childhood C. Adolescence D. Adult

4. The reasons why human beings must control population growth include (d)

A. Limited resources B. The biosphere has a certain tolerance.

C. the standard of living is gradually declining.

Pregnant women should avoid catching a cold as much as possible during pregnancy, otherwise the side effects of cold medicine will harm the fetus, because (a)

A. Drugs can enter the fetus with blood circulation, which is harmful to the health of the fetus.

B drugs can enter the fetus with discharged waste, which is harmful to the health of the fetus.

C drugs can enter the fetus with oxygen inhaled by the mother, which is harmful to the health of the fetus.

D drugs can enter the fetus with carbon dioxide inhaled by the mother, which is harmful to the health of the fetus.

6. The sign of puberty is (a)

A. the height increases rapidly. The weight of the brain increases rapidly.

C. the functions of various organs in the body are increasing rapidly. D. rapid muscle growth.

7. The main organic substances that make up cells are (a)

A sugar, protein and fat, B vitamins, water and inorganic salts.

C. Vitamins, dietary fiber and sugar D. Vitamins, sugar and protein

8. Starch, fat and protein are digested in the digestive tract in the order of (A).

A. Oral cavity, small intestine and stomach B. Oral cavity, stomach and small intestine

C. Stomach, small intestine and oral cavity D. Stomach, oral cavity and small intestine

9. In a certain part of the digestive tract, the contents were taken for testing, and it was found that the fatty substances in it had not been digested, but protein had digested it initially, so the part should be (c).

A. Oral cavity B. Esophagus C. Stomach D. Small intestine

10. In order to promote the development of children's bones, children should be supplemented with (D) in addition to foods containing more calcium and phosphorus.

A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D.

1 1. The characteristics of hemoglobin determine that the main function of red blood cells is (C).

A. Transport carbon dioxide B. Transport nutrients C. Transport oxygen D. Transport waste

12. When observing the blood flow in the caudal fin of small fish with a microscope, the remarkable feature of capillaries is (D)

A. the lumen is very thin. B. the lumen is relatively thick. C. blood flows to the heart. The red blood cells in the test tube passed in a single file.

13. Teacher Hu went to work in Tibet from Hebei. After half a year's physical examination, it was found that there was a significant increase in one component in the blood. The added component is probably (b)

A. White blood cells B. Red blood cells C. Platelets D. Plasma

14. Xiaoming's foot was injured and inflamed, and the doctor dropped antibiotics on his left arm. The way for the medicine to reach the foot is (b).

① left atrium; ② Right atrium; ③ Right ventricle; ④ aorta; ⑤ Pulmonary artery; ⑥ pulmonary vein; ⑦ Superior vena cava; ⑧ Inferior vena cava; Pet-name ruby femoral artery; Attending left ventricle

A.①③④⑥②⑧③②b .⑧②③⑤⑥①⑩④⑨

C.⑧②③⑤⑥①⑧④⑨d .⑧②③⑥⑤①⑨④⑨

15. The common law of blood flow in systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation is (a)

A. Ventricles, arteries, capillaries, veins and atria

B. Ventricles, veins, capillaries, arteries and atria

C. Atrium, arteries, capillaries, veins and ventricles

D. Atrium, vein, capillary, artery, atrium

16. The World Health Organization calls for the widespread use of iron pots because (d)

A. iron is an important part of bones and teeth. B. Iron is beneficial to the formation of protein.

C. Iron is an important component of vitamin C, and iron is a component of hemoglobin.

17. The following organs belong to both digestive system and respiratory system (C).

A. oral cavity B. nasal cavity C. pharynx D. larynx

18. In order to obtain oxygen and expel carbon dioxide, human cells must go through the following processes.

External air alveolar blood tissue cells

① ② ③

In these processes, gas exchange takes place in (b)

A.① B.②③ C.①② D.①③

19. When people breathe, the exhaled gas component is (C).

A. no oxygen. B. all carbon dioxide.

C. carbon dioxide has increased. D. nitrogen-free

20. When exhaling, the change of diaphragm (A)

A. The diaphragm is relaxed and the top of the diaphragm rises. B. The diaphragm contracts and the top of the diaphragm rises.

C. the diaphragm relaxes and the top of the diaphragm drops. D. the diaphragm contracts and the top of the diaphragm drops.

2 1. The bust length of a classmate is 80 cm in a calm state, 95cm when trying to inhale, and 76 cm when trying to exhale. His chest circumference difference should be (b).

A.15cm B.19cm C. 4cm D.23 23cm

22. When diaphragm and external intercostal muscle contract, the air pressure at the lateral side, alveoli and trachea is (C).

A. external > alveoli > trachea B. trachea > alveoli > external.

C. external > trachea > alveoli D. alveoli > trachea > external.

23. The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of local blood circulation in human body, in which ① and ③ are arterial blood vessels, ② are capillaries, and all the blood flowing in ①, ② and ③ are arterial blood. The main function of ② is (a)

A. Filtering B. Gas exchange

C. Absorbing nutrients D. Secreting substances

24. During the physical examination, Mr. Li found that the urine contained a lot of glucose, so the lesion in his body might be (B).

A. renal capsule or liver B. renal tubule or islet C. glomerulus or pancreas D. glomerulus or pituitary gland

25. Healthy people form about 150 L of raw urine every day, but only 1.5 L of urine is excreted every day. In explaining the reason of this phenomenon and the significance of urination, (d) is inappropriate.

A. When raw urine flows through renal tubules, substances useful to human body will be reabsorbed by renal tubules.

B. The reabsorbed substances include most water, all glucose and some inorganic salts.

C. Urine excreted by human body can excrete waste and regulate the content of water and inorganic salts in the body.

D. in order to maintain the relative balance of water in the body, the amount of water people drink every day is not less than the amount of urine formed in the original day.

26. Which of the following diseases has nothing to do with abnormal hormone secretion (C)

Dwarfism, gigantism, night blindness and diabetes.

27. Uncle Li is a diabetic, and the treatment plan you provided him was injection (C).

A.auxin B.thyroxine C.insulin D.epinephrine

28. The structure that completes the reflection is called (B).

A. Neuron reflex arc nerve endings brain

29. The structural unit and functional unit of the nervous system is (B)

A. long process B. neuron C. cell body D. nerve endings

30. Belong to the complex reflection is (c)

A. the pupil becomes smaller under strong light. The wonderful pantomime caused the audience to laugh.

C. Eating harmful substances by mistake causes vomiting D. Eating chocolate causes saliva secretion.

3 1. The following discussion on neuromodulation cannot stand scientific scrutiny (c).

A. "Looking at plums to quench thirst" belongs to complex reflex, while sucking reflex of infants belongs to simple reflex.

B the conduction function of the spinal cord is completed by nerve fibers in its white matter.

C children's weak micturition inhibition ability is due to imperfect spinal cord development.

D. People who are drunk, walk unsteadily and stand unsteadily indicate that alcohol has paralyzed the cerebellum.

32. "Stroke" patients have no damage to their limbs, but they all show a symptom of immobility because which structure is damaged (C).

A. Muscle B. Blood vessels C. Brain D. Spinal cord

33. During physical examination, doctors often beat the ligament under the knee with a mallet, which will stretch the calf forward. Which part controls this behavior (b)?

A. Brain stem B. Spinal cord C. Cerebellum D. Brain

34. In higher nervous activity, the characteristics that distinguish humans from animals are (a)

A. people can respond to the stimulation of language and words.

B. various conditioned reflex can be formed.

C. the conditioned reflex will not fade.

D. People can form conditioned reflex on the basis of unconditioned reflex.

35. According to the analysis on the right, the structure of "opening your mouth quickly to avoid being broken by loud noise, the vibration of the tympanic membrane is transmitted to the inner ear, the external acoustic stimulation is converted into nerve impulses, and the nerve impulses are transmitted to the auditory pathway of the cerebral cortex" is (a) in turn.

A.④①⑧②b .④①⑤③c .⑧⑥④d .④⑤⑧⑦

36. Xiaoming shivered involuntarily in the cold environment. The following statement is incorrect (a)

A.because his body generates more heat than it emits. B.this is an important reaction of the human body to prevent hypothermia.

C. it is caused by involuntary activities of skeletal muscle. D. it is carried out under the regulation of the nervous system.

37. Which of the following is not conducive to environmental protection (D)

A. Vigorously plant trees B. Returning farmland to forests and grasslands

C. Use electronic greeting cards D. Use disposable chopsticks

38. What is incorrect about acid rain is (a).

A. Acid rain will lead to chemical changes in nutrients in the soil, which plants cannot absorb and utilize.

B Acid rain will acidify rivers and lakes, thus affecting the growth and development of aquatic organisms such as fish and shrimp.

The fundamental measure to control acid rain is not to use fuels such as coal and oil.

D. Acid rain directly harms the buds and leaves of plants, and in severe cases, it will kill many plants.

"Protecting natural forests" and "returning farmland to forests (grasslands)" are two important contents in the strategy of developing the western region, and the primary goal of taking these two measures is (d).

A. developing ecotourism B. developing animal husbandry C. increasing wood production D. improving ecological environment

40. 10 years ago, there was a very green street in a city. In hot summer, people walk on the green vagina and feel relaxed and happy. Now, due to the expansion of the street, the original green belt has been destroyed, and the new green belt has not grown. Therefore, people don't want to walk on the hot and bare streets. This shows that forests can (b)

① shading; ② release oxygen; ③ regulating climate; ④ Release CO2⑤ during the day ⑤ Produce oxygen at night.

A.①②③④ B.①②③ C.①③⑤ D.②④⑤

2. I'll fill it out (5 questions in total, 65438+ 0 points per space, 40 points in total).

1.(8 points) The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of blood circulation and gas exchange. Please answer according to the chart:

In the figure, (1) 5 refers to pulmonary artery, with venous blood flowing in. In the figure, 7 represents aorta and inflow arterial blood.

(2) Blood is ejected from 2, and the circulation route from 5, 6 to 3 is called pulmonary circulation;

(3) From m to n, the change of blood composition is that arterial blood becomes venous blood.

(4) The thickest central wall of the heart structure is the left ventricle, which is the starting point of systemic circulation.

3.( 1) [3] glomerulus [6] renal capsule (or renal capsule cavity) [2] [7] renal tubular reabsorption (3) blood cells and macromolecular protein (4) glucose renal tubular reabsorption (5) glomerular filtration renal tubular reabsorption and secretion (6) [1] [2]

(4) (1) protein and fat (2) liver, small intestine and pancreas (3) are rich in protein (or the proportion of the three organic substances is reasonable), which is suitable for infant growth (4) There is more starch mixed and less protein content.

5.( 1) Concave lens retina (2) Vitamin A Carrots contain a lot of carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in the human body.

(3) open your mouth quickly; Or shut up, and both hand block that iris and sclera (5) of the ear (4). Pupils are narrowed in strong light and enlarged in weak light.

3. 1.( 1) 1 and No.2 (2) 1 lamps don't turn blue, but No.2 lamps turn blue. (3) Starch is digested by salivary amylase but not digested. (4) The digestive ability of digestive enzymes is the strongest at 37℃.

2.( 1) Waste batteries have pollution effect on water body (or toxic effect on goldfish) (2) The same species, size and growth status are the same (3) Waste batteries have pollution effect on water body, and the greater the concentration of waste battery leachate, the more serious the pollution (or toxic effect on goldfish, the greater the concentration of waste battery leachate, the greater the toxic effect) (4) Add a fish tank.

2.(8 points) The picture on the right shows the respiratory system model. Please answer according to the picture:

(1) The structure that can filter, moisten and warm inhaled gas is [1] nasal cavity.

(2) Phlegm is mucus secreted by mucous membranes on the inner surfaces of trachea [6] and bronchus [3] and adhered by mucus.

Covered with dust and bacteria.

(3) The functional unit of gas exchange in the body is [4] alveoli, the wall of which is composed of a layer of epithelial cells.

Surrounded by capillaries, it is suitable for gas exchange between alveoli and blood.

(4) Oxygen in alveoli needs to go through five layers to enter the blood and combine with hemoglobin in red blood cells.

cell membrane

Figure, please answer according to the figure:

(1) Blood is filtered from [3] glomerulus to [6] renal capsule.

(2) The original urine is reabsorbed by [7] renal tubules to form urine.

(3) Compared with the liquid in [3], the liquid in [6] does not contain blood cells and macromolecular protein.

(4) Compared with the original urine, urine does not contain glucose, because the renal tubules reabsorb all glucose.

(5) The formation of urine includes three processes: glomerular filtration, renal tubular reabsorption and secretion.

(6) The structural serial number of arterial blood in the figure is 1234.

(7) The blood of nephron changes from arterial blood to venous blood, which is the capillary outside renal tubule.

4.(4 points) The following table lists the weight of some nutrients in soybeans and milk, and also lists the daily demand of an adult for such nutrients. Please analyze and answer the following questions:

Nutrients in soybean (g/100g) Nutrients in milk (g/100g) Adult daily requirement (g)

Protein 38.00 3.30 80.00

Carbohydrate 3 1.30 4.70 380.0

Fat 18.00 3.80 80.00

Calcium 0.06 0. 12 0.80

(1) If adults only eat 1000 g of soybeans every day, the nutrients in the table will exceed the daily requirement, namely protein and fat.

(2) After soybean and milk are ingested into human body, which digestive organs secrete digestive juice involved in the digestion of fat components? Liver, small intestine, pancreas.

(3) The reason why milk is considered as an ideal food for infants is that it is rich in protein (or the proportion of three organic substances is reasonable) and suitable for infants.

(4) What is the difference between Anhui Fuyang inferior milk powder and normal milk powder that was exposed by CCTV in 2004? Add more starch and less protein.

5.(8 points) Eyes and ears are important organs of human body. Please answer the following questions according to your biological knowledge:

(1) Teenagers with myopia should wear _ _ _ _ _ _ concave lens to correct it in time, so that the object can be imaged on _ _ _ _ retina.

(2) If the eyes can see things normally during the day and can't see things clearly at night, it is due to the lack of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in food, and eating more carrots also plays a role, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ carrots contain a lot of carotene and become vitamin A in the human body.

________。

(3) Xiao Yang set off firecrackers during the Chinese New Year and was deaf in his right ear. His lesson tells us that when you meet a loud noise, you should open your mouth quickly; Or shut up and cover your ears with your hands _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) The part called "black eyeball" in Xiaogang's eyes refers to the iris, and the part called "white eyeball" is the sclera.

(5) According to your life experience, how does the pupil size change under different light? Pupils contract in strong light and dilate in weak light.