Fan Zhongyan lived in the era of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the internal class contradictions became increasingly prominent, eyeing the foreign Khitan and Xixia. In order to consolidate the political power and improve this situation, the political group headed by Fan Zhongyan began to carry out reforms, which was later called the "Qingli New Deal". However, the reform violated the interests of the feudal big landlord class conservatives and was strongly opposed by them.

The emperor's determination to reform was not firm. Under the oppression of the conservative bureaucratic group headed by Queen Ether, the reform ended in failure. After the failure of the "Qingli New Deal", Fan Zhongyan offended the Prime Minister Lv Yijian, and Fan Zhongyan was relegated to Dengzhou, Henan. This article is about Dengzhou, not Yueyang Tower.

According to the custom of Song people, I don't have to write articles and essays like "Ji" in that place. I mainly use this kind of articles to record things, write about scenery, remember people, and express my feelings or opinions through scenery.

In ancient times, people were usually invited to take notes with samples of things they recorded, that is, pictures or related documents, for the reference of note-takers. Although Teng was demoted to Yuezhou, during his tenure, he made three achievements projects, hoping to get the understanding of the court. Rebuilding Yueyang Tower is one of them, which was completed in Li Qing for five years (1045).

In order to improve the popularity of his performance project, Teng gave Fan Zhongyan a picture of Dongting in Late Autumn, and asked him to write two records, one is Yueyang Tower and the other is Hong Yan Diji.

The content described in The Story of Yueyang Tower can be found in real objects, but not in The Story of Hongyan Land. But in the story of Hong Yan levee, Fan Zhongyan also described the Hong Yan levee in detail, which is no less than Yueyang Tower. Therefore, a few scholars debated whether Fan Zhongyan had been to Yueyang Tower when he wrote The Story of Yueyang Tower.

Extended information article appreciation:

At the beginning of the article, come straight to the point and describe the origin of the matter. Starting from the time of "Four Years of Li Youth", the style is elegant and straight; Saying that Teng was "living in exile" is a metaphor for the ups and downs of his official career, which laid the foundation for his later lyricism. The following four words are only used to write Teng's political achievements, which leads to the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower, which is the introduction of the full text.

In the second paragraph, the style of writing is exciting and the words are passionate. First of all, I always say "Baling wins, in Dongting Lake", and set the following range of scenery. The following words "Take the distant mountains and swallow the Yangtze River" describe the spectacular Dongting Lake. A title and a swallow are very imposing.

"Hao Tang Tang, the sea is vast and the sky is vast", which means that the water waves are magnificent; "It's sunny and sunny in the morning, and the weather is full", which is simple and vivid. The first four sentences describe the spectacular scene of Dongting Lake from the perspective of space, and the last two sentences describe the spectacular scene of Dongting Lake from the perspective of time.

The sentence "what predecessors have said is ready" is a link between the past and the future, and responds to the previous sentence "Tang Xian's modern poems". This sentence is not only modest, but also implies a turning point. After a change of "natural principle", a new artistic conception is introduced, from simply writing scenery to writing the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poet" in a way of blending scenes, thus forming the main body of the full text.

The third paragraph and the fourth paragraph are two parallel paragraphs, one sad and one happy, one dark and one bright, like two different emotional streams, which convey two diametrically opposite life situations in which scenery and emotions are mutually induced.

The third paragraph, people who are sad when writing things. Starting with "Ruofu" is very meaningful. This is a controversial word, but it also shows the emotional appeal of virtuality, which is the condensation, refinement and sublimation of countless realities and is quite typical. "Ruofu" describes a sad situation below, from bad weather to people's inner sadness.

Here are four-word short sentences, which are rendered layer by layer and described step by step. Rain, evil wind and turbid waves constitute the main scene, which makes the sun, moon and stars dim and makes business travel stagnate; Or in the twilight, when tigers roar and apes cry, the former "immigrant poets" have the generosity of "going to the countryside to miss their hometown", the fear of "worrying but afraid of ridicule" and the feeling of "feeling extremely sad"

The fourth paragraph is happy to write things. Under the leadership of "Zhiruo", a sunny picture was opened. "If" is also an enumerated tone, but it has become loud in syllables and lively and powerful in style.

Although the following description is still a short sentence of four words, the tone has changed, drawing the beautiful scenery of spring breeze, with beautiful scenery and clear water. More seagulls are flying freely, fish are wandering happily, and even ignorant aquatic plants and orchids are full of vitality. With extremely concise pen and ink, the author painted a spring color picture of lake light, which seemed to be in front of him.

It is worth noting that the sentence pattern and rhythm of this paragraph are similar to those of the previous paragraph, but there are other changes. The sentence of "harmony or" further expands the artistic conception, strengthens the meaning of repetition, and pushes the atmosphere of "jubilation" to a climax, while the state of mind of "climbing high and looking far" has become detached from "forgetting humiliation" and "putting wine in the wind".

The fifth paragraph is the focus of the whole article, starting with "Jifu", which is both lyrical and argumentative. After listing the two situations of sadness and joy, the author's writing immediately stirred up, revealing a higher ideal beyond the two situations, that is, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself."

Being touched by things is human nature, but it is not the highest state of being a man. In ancient times, benevolent people were determined and did not waver because of changes in external conditions. Whether it is "living in the temple" or "traveling in the rivers and lakes", the heart of worrying about the country and the people will not change. "I am also worried about entering, and I am also worried about retreating."

This seems counterintuitive and somewhat incredible. In this regard, the author drew up a question and answer, and issued an oath of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" under the guise of the words of ancient saints. The end of the song is elegant and points out the main idea of the whole article.

"alas! "Wes, who are we going home with? "Sad and generous, let a person feel sorry. Note the writing time at the end of the article and coordinate with the beginning of the article.

This article shows that although the author lives in rivers and lakes, cares about the country and the people and is persecuted, he still does not give up his indomitable will. At the same time, it is also an encouragement and comfort to his demoted comrades.

Yueyang Tower is famous for its lofty ideological realm. Ouyang Xiu, another contemporary writer, said in an inscription written for him that he was interested in the world since he was a child, and he often recited to himself: "A scholar should worry about the world first, and enjoy the world afterwards."

It can be seen that Fan Zhongyan's life code of conduct is "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" mentioned at the end of Yueyang Tower. Mencius said, "Being rich is good for the world, and being poor is good for the world."

This has become the creed of many literati in feudal times. When Fan Zhongyan wrote this article, he was demoted from his official position and "stayed away from the rivers and lakes" from now on. He could have taken an independent attitude and ended up in leisure and happiness, but he put forward the principle that an upright scholar-bureaucrat should stand firm and do his own thing well.

It is commendable to think that personal honor and disgrace are indistinguishable, "not happy with things, not sad for oneself" and "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" to encourage yourself and your friends. The spirit embodied in these two sentences, the quality of suffering first and pleasure second, is undoubtedly instructive.

Content introduction:

The Story of Yueyang Tower is an essay written by Fan Zhongyan, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, on September 15th, six years (1046 65438+ 10/7) at the request of Teng Zijing, a good friend of Baling County, to rebuild Yueyang Tower.

By writing about the scenery of Yueyang Tower and the different feelings brought by rainy days and sunny days, the article reveals the benevolent heart of the ancients who "don't like things, don't grieve for themselves", and also expresses his patriotic feelings of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".

The article goes beyond the narrow scope of simply writing about mountains and rivers, and combines the gloomy changes of nature, the lack of rain and shine, and the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poets", thus focusing on discussing political ideals and expanding the realm of the article.

Full-text narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion are integrated, and the combination of static and dynamic, contrast between light and dark, concise words and harmonious syllables make it an innovation of miscellaneous notes to compare scenes with couplets.

About the author:

Fan Zhongyan, Wen Xi, Han nationality. Suzhou Wuxian people. An outstanding thinker, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried Changshan Zhu, so he changed his name to Zhu Yue. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan studied hard, awarded Guangdejun's manager to join the army, welcomed his mother back to raise him, and changed his name.

Later, he served as Xinghua county magistrate, manager of Secret Pavilion School, chief judge of Zhou Chen, and well-known in Suzhou. And has been repeatedly criticized for his rude remarks. In the first year of Kangding (1040), he served as an agreement with Han Qi to appease and attract Shaanxi, and adopted the policy of "cultivating fields for a long time" to consolidate the northwest frontier defense. For three years (1043), Li Qing participated in the discussion of state affairs and launched the "Qingli New Deal".

Soon, when the New Deal was frustrated, Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Beijing and learned about Zhangzhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou. In the fourth year (1052), it was changed to Yingzhou, and Fan Zhongyan took office for illness and died on the way, at the age of 64. The King of Chu posthumously conferred the title of Minister of War, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", known as the Duke of Fan Wenzheng.

Fan Zhongyan's political achievements are outstanding, and his literary achievements are outstanding. His thought of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" and the integrity of people with lofty ideals have a far-reaching impact on future generations. There are a number of Fan Wenzheng official documents handed down from ancient times.

Fan Zhongyan's ancestor was Fan Lubing, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, who lived in Zhangzhou. Fan Sui, the great-grandfather of Fan Zhongyan, was appointed as Chengcheng of Lishui County when he crossed the river south in Tang Yizong. There was a mutiny in the Central Plains, and he settled in Wuxian (now Suzhou).

In the Five Dynasties, my great-grandfather and grandfather were both officials in wuyue, and my father Fan Yong was also an official in wuyue in his early years. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Fan Yong followed Qian Chu, king of wuyue, to the Great Song Dynasty and served as secretary of the Wuning Army.

Song Taizong Duangong two years (989), ugly autumn in August, Fan Zhongyan was born in Xuzhou Jiedu Zhang Guan House.

In the first year of Chunhua (990), she died in any place. Her mother Xie was poor and helpless, so she had to adopt two-year-old Fan Zhongyan and remarry Zhu, a native of Zhifushan. Fan Zhongyan also changed his surname and named Zhu Shuo (yuè).