Huizhou was called "Hui" and "Xin 'an" in ancient times. According to legend, Huizhou has many mountains and few fields, and ordinary people can't support their families if they only rely on normal farming, so there are many people going out to do business here.
Because Huizhou people can bear hardships and stand hard work, there are many successful businessmen, so that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou merchants came into being and competed with Shanxi merchants, forming a grand occasion of "no town and no emblem".
With the development of Huizhou's economy, all kinds of culture and art have also developed, and Huizhou opera has appeared under such circumstances. Huizhou people can sing and dance well, and Xin 'an Song and Dance in the Eastern Jin Dynasty enjoyed a high reputation throughout the country. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Southern Opera was all the rage, competing with Northern Zaju.
During the period of 1506- 152 1, due to the economic and social development of Huizhou, Chizhou and Anqing, the four major tunes of Southern Opera spread to Huizhou, Chizhou and Taiping. Among these tunes, Yiyang tune, especially Yiyang tune from Jiangxi, has the greatest influence on local artists who like singing.
After Yiyang dialect was spread to Huizhou, it quickly combined with local dialect tones to form Huizhou dialect. After Yiyang tune spread to Qingyang and Guichi, it was quickly combined with popular Yu Yaoqiang and folk tones to form Qingyang tune, or "Chizhou tune". These two kinds of vocal cavities were later collectively referred to as "eating elegant tunes".
In the process of Yiyang Opera evolving into Huizhou Opera and Qingyang Opera, the rolling tune has been greatly developed. The so-called "rolling" means rolling, and "rolling" means adding many explanatory pop words, idioms and some passionate sentences similar to jingles to the lyrics and aria, making the script more popular and easy to understand, the music rhythm more lively, and the feelings more sincere and strong, thus being accepted by the general public.
Qingyang opera attaches great importance to rolling tune. The rolling tune of Qingyang Opera has broken through the original Qupai style of Yiyang Opera, that is, the lyrics must be sung according to various fixed Qupai, which makes Qingyang Opera more free, vivid and concrete in expressing the plot in the script, and is more conducive to the actors to fully express their joys and sorrows, thus being welcomed by the masses. His famous plays include Returning from Searching for Books and Drunk Maids.
The script "Go Hunting and Return to Books" comes from the legend of "White Rabbit" in Liu Zhiyuan in Yuan Dynasty, and "Go Hunting and Return to Books" is one of several folds. The story is about Liu Chengyou, the son of Liu Zhiyuan, hunting, wounding a white rabbit with an arrow, chasing it to the well and meeting Li Sanniang. Upon inquiry, it was suspected that it was his biological mother.
He promised to be entrusted to take the book home and tell his father. Liu Zhiyuan blamed herself, so she told the truth and took back her ruined wife at her son's request.
This drama is the representative work of the ancient singing Qingyang drama in Hui Opera. Its singing is simple and beautiful, and its performance is exquisite and moving, which is deeply loved by people.
Drunkenness of the Imperial concubine, also known as Baihua Pavilion, is a traditional repertoire of Anhui opera, which tells the story of Yang Guifei's being loved by Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty. One day, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked Yang Guifei to go to Baihua Pavilion to enjoy flowers. Later, he moved to Mei Fei in Xigong. Yang Guifei waited in Baihua Pavilion for a long time, but she didn't see Tang Xuanzong, so she became very sad, so she drowned her sorrows in wine until she got as drunk as a fiddler and angrily returned to the palace.
The most striking performance form of the play is the combination of Qingyang opera and song and dance, which has formed a unique and distinctive performance style.
The whole play always revolves around Yang Guifei's lead singer and dance. More than a dozen ladies-in-waiting are like the stars of the moon, which set each other off and make the whole stage magnificent.
By 1582, Kunshan Opera, one of the four major tunes of Southern Opera, had also spread to Huizhou. This gorgeous Kunshan accent has a great influence on Huizhou accent. Influenced by Kunshan dialect, Huizhou dialect first changed in the rhythm and melody of singing, resulting in a tortuous singing effect like Kunqu opera.
At this time, Huizhou Opera not only inherited the role system of Huizhou Opera and Qingyang Opera, but also absorbed the branch characteristics of Kunqu Opera and Yiyang Opera, and was deeply influenced by the local folk opera Mulian Opera. Its role is divided into nine lines: the end, fate, niche, foreign, Dan, paste, husband, clean and ugly, which Huizhou artists call "singing with nine clean towels"
Later, Huizhou accent learned from Kunshan accent, instead of relying on gongs, drums and vocals, it was matched with flute or suona to make the accent soft and smooth, giving people a sense of stability, so Huizhou artists called it "four-sided accent".
After the formation of Siping Opera, it absorbed the factors of Kunqu Opera, re-developed the rolling tune and produced another new opera, Kunqu Opera. Others call it "Hui Kun" and "Cao Kun".
The repertoire of Kunqu Opera emphasizes another kind of rolling tune, which is the deepening of Qingyang Opera. The plays of this kind of drama include Zhao Jun Boating, Borrowing Boots, Lu Trivia and so on.
The plot of "Zhao Jun Shang Bao" mainly reflects that after Wang Zhaojun was made a princess by Yuan Di, the painter Mao Yanshou fled to Xiongnu for fear of sin and presented a portrait of Wang Zhaojun. Xiongnu sent troops to see Wang Zhaojun. Yuan Di thought he was short of troops, so he reluctantly gave up what he gave up to see Wang Zhaojun to avoid disaster.
The main feature of this drama is that it can sing and dance well, and it has a strong sense of picture and dance. There are also white rolling, rolling singing and backstage singing in the aria, which is quite distinctive. The play is a pair of plays with Shan, Ugly and Wu as the main characters. Actors need to have high, kunming, chaotic and unstoppable skills, so it is difficult to perform.
Borrowing boots is the same as borrowing boots in the Qing Dynasty opera collection "Bai Qiu". Zhang Dan, a poor scholar, eats and borrows boots from Liu Er, a rich scholar. Liu Er was stingy and made Zhang Dan kneel for nine times before borrowing his boots.
After Zhang Dan borrowed new boots to go to the party, the banquet broke up. In a rage, he slept in the street with his boots as pillows. When Liu Er saw that Zhang Dan didn't return his boots for a long time, he went to Zhang, and they had a quarrel. Finally, Liu Er got back his new boots, but he couldn't bear to wear them, so he went home barefoot.
The singing of the play is close to Qingyang, which has the flavor of Kunqu opera and retains the characteristics of "rolling". Daobai uses Huizhou dialect with Huizhou Mandarin, which has a strong local flavor.
Later, people combined Siping Opera and Kunyi Opera into one, calling it "Four Kunqu Opera" or "Kunping Opera", while others called it "Longdong Tune".
At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the western Shaanxi Opera, Shaanxi Bangzi, was gradually introduced into Huizhou, which once again had a great influence on Kunqu Opera.
When Kunqu Opera spread to Zongyang, Tongcheng, Shipai and Anqing, it just merged with a large number of Shanshan Bangzi from the south. At this time, Kunqu opera was influenced by Shanshan Bangzi, especially after accepting some plays of Shanshan Bangzi system, the vocal structure connected by the original tunes gradually evolved into a banjo with 7 sentences or 10 sentences. On the contrary, influenced by Kunqu Opera, Shanshan Bangzi evolved into a plectrum.
Playing flirtatious tunes is soft and euphemistic, often accompanied by a flute or suona. Famous dramas of this kind include Phoenix Mountain, Seven Army Flooding, Thousands of Troops, Double Seal, Clever Marriage, Mud River and so on.
"Phoenix Mountain", also known as "Flowers Give Sword", mainly describes that when Princess Baihua, the daughter of Fang La, the leader of the peasant uprising in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Bala, a veteran, were guarding the Phoenix Mountain Village, Song Bing was unable to besiege it, so he sent Yushi Jiang to sneak into the Phoenix Mountain Village to spy on the military situation.
Princess Baihua, seeing the charm of Haijun, entrusted her with an important task and dedicated her body to Qingping Key. Hou Haijun and Song Bing cooperated with each other and broke through the Phoenix stronghold. Princess Baihua regretted it, stabbed Hai Jun to death and committed suicide.
Seven Armies under Water is one of the representative traditional plays in the "Hongsheng" drama of Huizhou Opera. Mainly describes Liu Bei as the queen of Hanzhong, and orders Guan Yu to attack Xiangyang with Jingzhou as his teacher, and then attack Fancheng.
Cao Cao sent generals Yu Jin and Pound to the rescue. Pound was brave and fought Guan Yu, forbidding jealousy and withdrawing troops to catch Kawaguchi. Guan Yu watched the Spring and Autumn Annals in the evening, surveyed the terrain, and decided to take advantage of the rising water in Xiangyang to open the floodgates and attack. Cao Jun was defeated and Yujin and Pound were captured.
The artistic features of this play focus on style, good singing, extraordinary momentum and vividness. For example, in the two scenes of "reading books" and "watching an array", Guan Yu, Zhou Cang and Guan Ping combined various body shapes, each with its own emphasis on the stage, paying attention to internal strength, posture, dignity and dignity, and full of distinct sense of sculpture.
The play uses the powerful suona blowing cavity, the high-pitched and mellow emblem, and the majestic gongs and drums, which is magnificent and has more artistic shock and appeal to shaping Guan Yu's heroism.
Later, Huizhou artists created a new tune on the basis of plucking, called Huang Er tune, also known as "Huang Er tune" or "Suona Huang Er tune".
In the early days, the musical structure and plate changes of Huang Er Tune were relatively simple. Subsequently, Huizhou artists absorbed a set of pick structure and evolved it, forming a Huang Er with relatively complete plate changes. Hu Qin accompaniment is used to make the singing smoother and softer.
Later, artists made anti-Yellow, which is a direct evolution of the blowpipe. Huiban in Zhejiang called them "Huang Er". Therefore, Huang Er dialect has formed four accents, namely, Huang Er accent, Huang Er accent, Huang Er accent and Huangping anti-Huang Er accent.
The formation of Huang Er Tone is not tone sandhi, but the fusion and evolution of several tones.
By the middle of Qing Dynasty, Huanger Opera had been popular in southern Anhui, eastern Hubei and northeastern Jiangxi. Due to frequent exchanges between troupe and artists, Huang Er and Xipi merged again, and people collectively called them "Pi Huangqiang".
All operas with Xipi and Huanger as the main accents belong to Jun Pi Huangqiang School. Such as Anhui Opera, Han Opera, Beijing Opera and Cantonese Opera, North-South Road in xiang opera, Gan Opera and Guangxi Opera, Huqin Opera in Sichuan Opera, Xiangyang Opera and Huqin Opera in Yunnan Opera, there are more than 20 operas in China.
Pi Huang has the same blood relationship with many operas, and there are many factors in music. However, influenced by local sounds and folk music, they also have their own characteristics in music.
Pi Huangqiang's plays include Cosmic Frontline, Huatiancuo, Spring and Autumn Competition, Long Hudou, Anti-Zhaoguan, Moon Meat Dragon Head and so on.
The full name of the cosmic front is one sword and six meanings. The story is about the Qin Dynasty. In the year of Hu Hai, Qin Ershi, Zhao Gao and Kuang Hong were ministers together, and their children were in-laws.
Zhao Gao authoritarian, kuanghong discontent. Zhao Gao sent someone to steal Kuang Jiazang's "Cosmic Front" sword, and later stabbed II to death with the sword to frame him.
Qin Ershi was furious and cut Kuang's door. Kuang Hongzi helped him escape, and his wife Zhao returned to the Zhao family to live alone. Hu Hai and Qin Ershi, seeing her beautiful appearance, want to be a concubine. I hate my father for framing Kuang's family, and I hate II for being dissolute and heartless, and flatly refuse. With the help of the slave girl, Zhao pretended to be crazy and resisted rape.
Huatiancuo originated from Water Margin. Huatiancuo originally refers to the farmland where flowers are planted. Huatiancuo is a series of stories that happened in flower planting towns and flower field festivals.
The story tells that in front of Tomb-Sweeping Day, a "Flower Field" celebration will be held in Taohua Village under Yanmenguan. At that time, there were thousands of peach blossoms, full of flowers, colorful, and tourists were weaving, which was unprecedented.
Miss Liu's only daughter, Yu Yan, accompanied by Chunlan, a maid, enjoyed the flowers and chose her husband through the camera. Chunlan is smart and brave, and is very popular with ladies and gentlemen on weekdays.
When they came to the bridge, they saw a young man setting up a calligraphy and painting booth. I saw him with a handsome face and a handsome face. Yu Yan asked Chunlan to invite him to write poems with her fans.
Chunlan saw that the young lady was moved, so she quietly inquired about the man's situation. Chunlan learned that his name was Ji Bian, and Huguang Xiangyang juren came to Beijing to take the exam. Chunlan told him not to leave the next day, saying that he would tie the knot.
Ji Bian went to Tokyo from Xiangyang this time. First, he visited a friend in Yan 'an, and then he came back and passed by Yanmenguan. He is preparing lessons in a small shop now. I don't want to spend a long time, and I have little money. The kind shopkeeper asked him to make a guest appearance during this flower field activity.
Chunlan two people left, and then came the peach blossom mountain Wang Lizhong and bully Zhou Tong. They also asked Ji Bian to write, and when they learned of his plight, they generously promised to help pay the travel expenses the next day.
Chunlan went home and reported the situation to the foreign couple. The parents were overjoyed and immediately asked the servant liuyong to invite Ji Bian to come over early tomorrow morning. Who knows that the next day, the shopkeeper received a good deal for Ji Bian, asking him to draw a screen in a big house.
In this way, after Mr. Liu's servant came, he mistakenly took away Zhou Tong, the bully who came to offer travelling expenses. I didn't know I was wrong until I got home. It is already "easier to ask God than to send him". The bully must be "mistaken" and threatened to come and get married within three days. This is the first mistake in Eight Mistakes in Hua Tian: "Hua Tian wrote a fan and invited minibus Zhou Tong by mistake".
In desperation, the young lady asked Chunlan to consult Ji Bian. Chunlan thought of a way to make Ji Bian dress up as a man the next morning, saying it was a peach blossom. Chunlan saw it and took it directly to Miss Xiulou.
When Yu Yan met each other, she gave each other a gift and made a promise to each other. Just then, there was a roar from downstairs, saying that the bully Zhou Tong had brought people to rob his relatives. Chunlan hurriedly put Ji Bian behind a pile of boxes. The old lady came up and took Yu Yan to hide in the garden.
Later, Zhou Tong, the bully, mistakenly took Ji Bian, a woman disguised as a man, to the cottage and gave him to his sister Lou Yu for custody. Zhou Tong was preparing to marry the bride, but suddenly he broke in and arrested Zhu Tong, saying that he was robbed for the sake of his birthday. Some people suspect that he is a hero of Taohua Mountain. Please ask the magistrate to make it clear.
After Zhou Tong left, Ji Bian confessed everything to Lou Yu. Lou Yu sympathized with him and gave him some travel expenses to escape. After Ji Bian left, Lou Yu found that he left a love poem by Liu Yuyan.
She hurried out, only to find a group of businessmen carrying a sedan chair. When I saw Zhou, I jumped into the sedan chair and left. Lou Yu was so scared that the handkerchief fell to the ground unconsciously.
It turned out that Mr. Liu went to the government to accuse Zhou of robbing civilians. The government sent Lei Heng to take back Miss Liu. They didn't want to take the Jade House by mistake again, but Miss Liu who accompanied them found her daughter's love poem.
In addition, Ji Bian's good friend Lu Da killed Kansai Town because of an unjust case. Wutai Mountain was drunk at the entrance and went to Suoguo Temple in Tokyo. When I got to Yanmenguan, it was getting late, so I went to Peach Blossom Village to stay.
So Zhou Tong robbed the bride for the second time, went into the bridal chamber drunk, touched the naked monk on the bed and gave him a good beating.
Escape, Lu chased out, and met. That's the hero. W quickly set the wine and invited the three warriors to dinner. Just then, Ji Bian, the champion of the new department, came to marry the young lady. Lu was a matchmaker, bringing peace together.
Thus, in the Peach Blossom Garden, happiness flutters; Xiao Sheng is full of gongs and drums, flowers and candles. The Huatian incident, repeated mistakes, has a happy ending.
This play is a farce that ignores happiness. Just like the Romance of the West Chamber, the protagonist on the stage is not a young lady, but a maid, played by Hua Dan. It is a famous "make a mountain out of a molehill" Hua Dan drama treasure, and is very fond of "Hua Dan's Works".
The Spring and Autumn Competition describes the love experiences of scholar Li Chunfa and two women, Jiang Qiulian and Zhang Qiulian. Although there is no common setting of talented people and beautiful women, the plot is bizarre, the story is tortuous and suspense is repeated, which can be fascinating.
At the happy ending of the novel, Li Chunfa married Jiang Qiulian and Zhang Qiu, hence the name "Spring and Autumn Match", and the opera was adapted from this book as soon as it came out.
The story is about businessman Jiang Shao going out. After Jia abused his ex-wife's daughter Qiu Lian, he forced her to pick up Chai Lu from the mountain stream, and Qiu Lian's wet nurse accompanied her to help. They met the scholar Li Chunfa in the mountain stream. Li Chunfa sympathized with Qiulian's experience and offered money to buy Chai Lu.
After Qiulian came home, Jia falsely accused her daughter of being unfaithful and wanted to send her to the government. Accompanied by the wet nurse, Qiulian fled by night.
Who knows Qiu Lian met a robber Hou Shangguan on the road. He killed the wet nurse, robbed the package and forced Qiu Lian to get married. Qiulian pretended to agree, deliberately lured Hou Shangguan to push him into the stream when picking flowers on the cliff, threw stones at him and fled to buddhist nun.
At this time, a thief named Shi Jingpo saw what Hou Shangguan had done. Because Li Chunfa was very kind to him, Shi Jingpo took the package that was snatched by Hou Shangguan and put it in Li Chunfa's home as a reward.
After Jia Ming watched the wet nurse's body, he confessed Li Chunfa's donation of silver. When the sheriff went to Li Chunfa's house to check the package, he suspected that Li Chunfa was the murderer and was put in prison. Shi Jingpo went to visit the prison after learning about it. Li Chunfa told Shi Jingpo to ask his friend Zhang Yanxing for help.
Hou Shangguan was pushed into the mountain stream by Qiu Lian, only injured, but not dead, so he began to stop the idea of Zhang Qiuluan, Zhang Yanxing's sister at his home, and wanted to sell Zhang Qiuluan as a prostitute.
Shi Jingpo wanted to find Zhang Yanxing, only to find that Hou Shangguan was hitting on girls again. Shi Jingpo thought Qiuluan was Qiulian, so she wanted to help her escape to see officials and save Li Chunfa.
Qiuluan thought that Shi Jingpo was a bad guy and felt desperate, so she threw herself into the well and happened to meet Jiang Shao to save him. Seeing that Qiu Luan was beautiful, Xu Heihu, Jiang Shao's buddy, killed Jiang Shao, threw him in a corpse well, tied Qiu Luan and ran away. Xu Heihu met patrol officer He Defu during his escape, was captured and placed in Qiuluan, buddhist nun.
Shi Jingpo accused officials of "throwing autumn lotus into the well", but it was Jiang's body that was salvaged. Jia accused Shi Jingpo of being the murderer. He Xun arrested Xu Heihu and Shi Jingpo on the basis of his private visit.
Zhang Yanxing rescued Li Chunfa from prison, but Li Chunfa fled down the mountain to buddhist nun. When Qiulian and Qiuluan complained to each other, the three of them went to the patrol room to complain.
He Defu examined the case, convicted Jia, Hou Shangguan, Xu Heihu and other crimes, and commended him as a bachelor of Hanlin. He made meritorious service in recruiting prisoner Zhangyan and ordered him to marry Jiang Qiulian and Zhang Qiuluan. Generally speaking, the play only plays "torture" and "firewood collection" with a 20% discount, and some play "smashing streams".
The formation of Pi Huangqiang also marks the formal formation of Huizhou Opera, which consists of Qingyang Opera, Siping Opera, Kunqu Opera, Huikun Opera, Blowing Opera, Paizi Opera, Huanger Opera, Hui Diao Xipi Opera and coloratura minor.
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