(1) Meiji Restoration in Japan, the main aspects: politically, abolishing vassals and establishing counties; Economically, establish industry and commerce and introduce western technology; Allow land to be bought and sold freely; In terms of culture and education, new schools are set up and compulsory education is implemented. Function: Make Japan embark on the capitalist road and become stronger gradually.

(2) 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee decided to shift the focus of the work of the party and the state to socialist modernization and implement reform and opening up.

(3) Significance: The central collective leadership with Deng Xiaoping as the core was formed, which opened the prelude to China's reform and opening up and realized a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the party's history since the founding of New China.