Wang Zheng era (about the eighth century BC-the sixth century BC);
OneRepublic (about 509 BC-27 BC);
Imperial era (27 BC-476 AD).
First, the origin of the city of Rome
According to the Roman writer Varo (1 16- 27 BC), the date of laying the foundation stone in Rome should be 754-753 BC. After that, the ancient Romans used to take April 2 1 year BC as the era. There is a legend about the construction of Rome: in 753 BC, several farmers and herdsmen lived on an oasis in the northwest of Latin Plain. The original public ancient city was built about 25 kilometers away from the mouth of the Tiber River. According to legend, the first person to lead urban construction was romulo, and "Rome" was named after him. According to legend, when romulo laid the foundation stone for it, it only plowed a shallow ditch, which was regarded as the city boundary of Rome. At the place where he was ready to open the city gate, he lifted the plow as the passage of the city gate. According to legend, romulo was the son of Mars. He and Le Mo are twin brothers. Shortly after they were born, their mother Sylvia was killed. Their grandfather was the king of the Italian peninsula at that time, and his younger brother put them in a basket and threw them into the Tiber River in order to usurp the throne. At first, they were rescued by a female wolf and lived on wolf's milk, and then they were raised by a shepherd. So romulo was brave enough to enlist in the war. When the two brothers grow up. Later, a new city, Rome, was built where it was saved. Up to now, a bronze statue of "Mother Wolf Feeding Baby" is still displayed in the Rome Museum in Italy. The female wolf was cast in the 5th century BC, and the two boys were added during the Renaissance.
From the 8th century BC to the end of 6th century BC, the ruling period was called "ruling period". Seven kings ruled Rome successively, including Latin, Sabine and Idalarians. In addition to the royal power, the Roman political system at this time also included the assembly of citizens and the Senate. In fact, the so-called "ruling period" is the transitional period from the primitive commune system to the slave society. "King" Takvin II, the last king in power, was a tyrannical tyrant. In 509 BC, a group of powerful nobles expelled Takvin II and changed "rule" into a republic. During the Republic period, from 509 BC to 27 BC, the king was replaced by two elected officials, who were called consuls (consuls in Latin). The status of the Senate has been improved, because it controls public assets and has the right to veto all measures of the citizens' assembly. In case of extreme emergency, the term of office of a dictator shall not exceed six months.
The early history of the Republic is a history of war, a history of war from defense to expansion. When the Romans were on the defensive, they were attacked by Gauls in their early years: "The White Goose saved Rome". Since then, the Romans have been developing to the southern tip of the Italian peninsula and began to get their hands on Greek colonies. In 282 BC, the Romans began to attack his Linton: "Pyrrhus won". Later, the Romans fought three famous Punic wars in history. The Punic War was a war between the Romans and Carthage (the Romans called Carthage Punic). The first Punic War (264-24 BC1) forced the Romans to turn to the sea for the first time. Then came the second Punic War (the second Punic War) and the third Punic War (BC 149- 146). In the process of conquering other nations, slavery began to be established and developed. The slave uprising in Spartak from 73 BC to 7 1 BC was the largest slave uprising. During the Republican period, after hundreds of years of war, Rome gradually developed from a city-state on the Tiber River to a city-state
Imperial Rome was in the imperial period from 27 BC to 476 AD. In the process of Rome's transition from republic to monarchy, there was a transitional form in the middle. This is the "three-headed politics" twice. The first three alliances: Pompeii, crassus and Caesar. Caesar's dictatorship. The last three alliances: Anthony, Lepidos and Octavian. In 27 BC, the Senate awarded Octavian the title of Augustus and Grand Marshal. He directly controls provincial governors, sets tax standards and strictly controls the army. Through the centralized construction, Octavian established an effective government. After Octavian, four emperors were regarded as symbols of tyranny: Tiberius (65438 BC+04-37 AD), Rygula (37-465438 AD+0 AD), Claudius (465438 AD+0-54 AD) and Nero (54-68 AD). Trajan (98- 1 17), Hadrian (1 17- 138), Antoninus Pius (138-16/kloc-) The territory of the Roman Empire reached the largest scope, and the culture was in its heyday. The Decline of the Empire In 330 AD, the Roman Emperor Constantine I established a new imperial capital on the site of Byzantium, a city founded by ancient Greek immigrants, and renamed it Constantinople. With the establishment of the new capital, the tendency of interest groups in the eastern and western parts of the empire is increasingly exposed. The separation between the east and the west is inevitable. The Roman general Diodo Xi became the emperor of the Roman Empire in 379. When he died in 395, he divided the empire into two parts and gave it to his two sons. Since 395, the Roman Empire has been divided into two parts. The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire is in Constantinople, and the capital of the Western Roman Empire is in Rome. Western Roman Empire, economic depression.
In 4 10, the visigoths arrived at the gates of Rome, and Roman slaves took the opportunity to rebel, and the visigoths occupied Rome.
In 452, the Xiongnu army invaded Italy;
In 455, the Vandals occupied Rome again.
In September 476, Dojak, the leader of Roman Germanic mercenaries, deposed romulus Augustus Luce, the last emperor of Rome, and the Western Roman Empire perished.
Roman souvenir
About 753 BC, it is said that Rome built a city.
About 509 BC, the Roman monarchy era ended and the Republic was founded.
In 449 BC, the Twelve Copper Tables Act was promulgated.
From 264 BC to 24 BC1year, the first Punic War broke out between Rome and Carthage.
From 2 18 BC to 20 1 BC, the second Punic War broke out between Rome and Carthage.
From BC 149 to BC 146, the third Punic War broke out between Rome and Carthage, and the city of Carthage was destroyed.
1930s BC-65438 BC+1930s BC, the civil war era.
From 73 BC to 7/kloc-0 BC, Spartak slaves revolted. In 60 BC, Pompeii, crassus and Caesar formed the "First Three Politics". In 43 BC, Antony, Rabida and Octavian formed the "last politics".
In 27 BC, Octavian established the system of heads of state and established the Roman Empire.
A.D. 14-68, the Jorio-Claudia dynasty of the Roman Empire.
In 69-96 AD, the Flavian dynasty of the Roman Empire.
In 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius in Rome erupted and Pompeii and other cities were wiped out.
In 96- 192 ad, the Roman empire Antony dynasty.
193-235, Severus dynasty of Roman Empire.
In AD 2 12, the Roman emperor caracalla issued an imperial decree granting Roman citizenship to the freemen in China.
From 235 to 284, Roman society fell into the "First crisis of the third century", and barbarians began to invade across borders.
From 284 to 305, Diocletian carried out reforms.
In 3 13, Constantine the Great issued the Decree of Milan, recognizing the legitimacy of Christianity.
In 330 AD, Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium and changed its name to Constantinople.
In 395 AD, the Roman Empire was divided into two parts.
In 476 AD, romulo Augustus, the emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was deposed and the Western Roman Empire perished.
In A.D. 1453, the Ottoman army captured Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire perished.