? From the casting of "half Liang" coins in Qin Dynasty, copper coins were mainly named by weight. "Five baht" coins in the Han Dynasty were regarded as the functional currency until the Sui Dynasty. Because the copper was obtained by secretly casting and cutting coins, the actual weight of the coins did not match the inscription on the coins. At the end of Sui Dynasty, bad money prevailed. "A thousand dollars weighed two pounds at first, and then it became more and more serious." Currency disorder affects circulation. In view of this situation, in the fourth year of Wude (62 1), Tang Gaozu sent a letter to cast "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" money, that is, the words "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" were cast on the coins (or pronounced "Kaiyuanbao"), which was similar in size to the Chinese word "five baht" and was called paper, also called money. Every ten yuan weighed one or two. "New money is the most compromise. This has become the key to changing the weighing method from hexadecimal to decimal, and "money" has replaced "baht" as the unit of weight below "two". Since then, coins have been called "Bao Tong" or "Yuanbao", and the weight is no longer marked on coins. After the Song Dynasty, it gradually became a routine system to use the year number of the emperor as the currency name, such as "Xining Bao Tong" and "Guangxu Yuanbao".

—— Excerpted from Peng Xinwei's History of Borrowing Money in China.

(1) points out the main contents of the monetary system reform in the Tang Dynasty according to the materials. (6 points)

(2) According to materials and knowledge, explain the significance of currency reform in Tang Dynasty. (9 points)

Answer:

(1) promotes the transformation from the balance method to the decimal system; The weight of money no longer directly reflects the value of money.

(2) Ending the long-term popularity of five baht and opening a new monetary system; The currency value is decoupled from the weight of coins, which creates conditions for the emergence of non-metallic currencies; It is convenient for circulation and beneficial to the development of commodity economy; Lay the foundation for the emergence of annual money.

? This topic focuses on the ability of candidates to obtain and extract effective information from reading materials, summarize them, and comprehensively use what they have learned to analyze and solve historical problems. The focus of this topic is the monetary reform in the early Tang Dynasty. Although there is no direct book knowledge as the basis, the contents of books about the development of agriculture and industry and commerce in Tang Dynasty can provide reference for solving problems and supplement the deficiency of book knowledge structure. Candidates are required to have a strong ability to extract and summarize information and the ability to comprehensively summarize according to known information.

? The question (1) points out the main contents of the monetary system reform in the Tang Dynasty, and the answer is to promote the transformation of the balance method to the decimal system; The weight of money no longer directly reflects the value of money. The information of the answer is hidden in the data. Candidates can extract relevant information by reading and contacting the development history of the monetary system involved in the materials, and give a comprehensive answer. The answer is highly generalized, which requires students to have strong generalization ability.

? Question (2) Based on materials and knowledge, explain the significance of currency reform in Tang Dynasty. This paper mainly examines the ability of candidates to comprehensively extract effective information, analyze and summarize, and integrate relevant knowledge.

When the material balance method is changed to decimal, the value of money is no longer directly reflected by the weight of coins, and the relevant information of money appears every year, which can sum up the understanding that the long-term popularity of five baht currency has ended and the new monetary system has been opened.

From the convenience of use mentioned in the materials, it is concluded that the circulation is convenient, which is more conducive to the economic development of commodities;

The information that money became a regular system in the early Tang Dynasty can infer that the performance reform laid the foundation for the generation of money in the early Tang Dynasty.

However, the decoupling between currency value and coin weight has created conditions for the emergence of non-metallic currency. This answer requires students to analyze and reason with their own knowledge-"the fact that banknotes crossed in the Song Dynasty".