1783, Murdoch, a student of Watt, built 1 car driven by a steam engine, but the effect was not good and no one used it. 1807, the British Trevisick and Vivian successfully built a car propelled by a steam engine, but it was too heavy to walk on ordinary roads. They didn't expect to put it on the rails, so they soon gave it up. Until 18 14, Stephenson, a British engineer from Cowherd, built a steam locomotive walking on the rails and formally invented the train.
Today, when a train flashed in front of us, quickly disappeared from sight and sailed far away, we could not help but express our heartfelt admiration. The man who invented the train is really great, and left this fast, convenient and comfortable means of transportation to future generations.
The industrial revolution in Europe replaced the workshop handicraft industry with the machine industry. The machinery industry needs a lot of fuel and raw materials, and it also needs to send products to various places. /kloc-before the 0/9th century, transportation depended on water vessels. On land, we can only rely on wagons, which is very contradictory to the needs of large industries. The machine industry calls for the birth of modern means of transportation.
/kloc-In the second half of the 6th century, wooden tracks were laid in mines and quarries in Britain and Germany. Cars walking on the track are propelled by human or animal power. 1767, British metal prices fell sharply. The boss of an iron factory saw a mountain of pig iron, which could not be sold, and occupied a lot of places, so he asked people to cast long iron bars and lay them on the road of the factory, ready to sell them after the price of iron rose. However, it is found that the vehicle is walking on the road covered with iron bars, which is labor-saving and stable. In this way, railway tracks were born before trains.
After all, it is not very convenient to drive on the iron bar, so the iron bar is improved and made into a trough rail. This kind of track can prevent the wheels from slipping out, but it is easy to accumulate stones and cinders in the groove and the track is easy to be damaged. Therefore, people make the railings as wide as the top and bottom, and slightly narrower in the middle, so that garbage is not easy to accumulate and the railings are not easy to be damaged. However, this kind of track is not very stable, and the rail is easy to overturn when it is impacted, which leads to the derailment and rollover of the vehicle. People also widened the bottom of the track to form an I-shape like Chinese characters. This shape of track is both stable and reliable, and it has been used ever since.
At that time, the railway was born, but most of the cars walking on the railway were drawn by horses. 1783, Murdoch, a student of Watt, built 1 car driven by a steam engine, but the effect was not good and no one used it. 1807, the British Trevisick and Vivian successfully built a car propelled by a steam engine, but it was too heavy to walk on ordinary roads. They didn't expect to put it on the rails, so they soon gave it up. Until 18 14, Stephenson, a British engineer from Cowherd, built a steam locomotive walking on the rails and formally invented the train.
Stephenson was born in 178 1, and his father was a steam engine fireman in a coal mine. Mom has no job. A family of eight lives entirely on their father's salary, and life is very difficult. /kloc-When he was 0/4 years old, Stephenson also came to the coal mine and became a trainee firefighter. He likes this job very much, but when others get off work, he will carefully scrub the machine and clean the parts. Repeated disassembly enabled him to master the structure of the machine. He is eager to master more knowledge. After a hard day's work, he went to night school. He had never been to school, and he had many difficulties when he began to study. He was clever, studious and diligent, and soon mastered the knowledge of machinery and drawing. Once, he designed a machine with the knowledge he learned from books and the reality of his work. The chief engineer in the coal mine saw the sketch of the machine he designed and praised it greatly, which gave Stephenson great encouragement. He studies and works harder. Due to his diligence, he soon became a skilled mechanic.
1907, Trevisick and Vivian made a steam locomotive that walked on ordinary roads, but they gave up the invention because it was too heavy to run on ordinary roads. Stephenson summed up the lessons of their failure and began to develop steam locomotives. He improved the boiler that produces steam and changed the vertical boiler into a horizontal boiler. And made a far-sighted and important decision to put the steam locomotive on the track; Add a rim to the side of the wheel to prevent the train from derailing; A toothed rail is added between the two load-bearing rails. At that time, it was thought that the steam locomotive was running on the track, although it could avoid the shortcomings of walking too heavy on the general road and the wheels slipping on the track. Therefore, a ratchet wheel is installed on the locomotive to roll on the toothed third track to drive the locomotive forward.
18 14, Stephenson's steam locomotive came out. The iron guy he invented weighed 5 tons and had a huge flywheel in the front. This flywheel can use inertia to help the locomotive move. Stephenson named his invention "Brooke". This Brooke can drive eight carriages and weighs about 30 tons. In the following 10 years, he built 1 1 locomotives similar to Brooke.
Stephenson's new invention also has many shortcomings. First of all, the vibration is too great. On one occasion, even the car overturned; Secondly, the speed is not fast. So Stephenson improved and redesigned a train. When designing and manufacturing trains, he persuaded Mr. Pease. At that time, 182 1 year, Mr. pease was planning to lay a railway from stockton to Arlington for carriage use. Pease took Stephenson's advice and commissioned him to build a motorcycle. Stephenson stepped up his work after accepting the commission. Finally, a new and more advanced steam locomotive was built, and he named it "voyage".
1825 On September 27th, there were more than 40,000 spectators near stockton, England, and brass bands stood neatly beside the railway tracks. People are eagerly waiting, watching the railway winding away on the sofa. Both sides of the railway are also crowded with people who come to watch. Suddenly, people heard the passionate whistle and a motorcycle came at high speed. There is a 12 coal-saving car behind the locomotive, and there are also 20 cars with about 450 people. Stephenson personally drove the first train in the world. The earth trembled slightly as the train approached. The audience was stunned. They couldn't believe their eyes. They don't believe that the iron guy in front of them has such great strength. The train stopped slowly and the crowd burst into thunderous cheers. The brass band played warm music and seven salutes were issued at the same time. People are celebrating the birth of trains in the world. The train traveled from Darlington to stockton at a speed of 24 kilometers per hour, and the railway transportation started on this day.
By this time, the advantages of the train have been fully demonstrated. It is fast, stable, comfortable, safe and reliable. Immediately, Britain and the United States set off an upsurge of building railways and locomotives. Only in the year of 1832, the United States built 1 7 railways. Steam locomotives have also been greatly improved around this period, from the two-wheeled locomotive built by Stephenson to five or even six pairs of wheels. Stephenson, as the inventor and advocate of this revolutionary vehicle, has solved many problems such as railway construction, bridge design, rolling stock manufacturing and so on. He also served as a consultant in many railway projects at home and abroad. In this way, trains have developed rapidly all over the world. Until today, the train is still an important means of transportation in the world and plays a huge role in the national economy.
Another way of saying it
180 1 year, the inventor Terry Visk first made a steam-powered car that ran on ordinary roads, and applied for a patent the following year. On this basis, he transformed Watt's steam engine into a high-pressure steam engine, and successfully manufactured a locomotive that could run on the track with this steam engine. 1On February 29th, 804, Terry Visk's motorcycle sailed from Mercer to Aberdeen along a special track, creating a glorious journey of the world's first steam car. Ten years later, Stephenson, a famous British inventor, made and modified a similar locomotive, laid the rails and began to use it in coal mines. In this way, later generations regarded him as the inventor of the train.