When Xie An was young, his thoughts were sharp and profound, his manners were calm and calm, his manners were elegant and smooth, and he could write a beautiful running script. Many celebrities in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, such as Wang Dao and Huan Yi, valued him very much and had the same name when they were young.
But Xie An doesn't want to hunt for high officials and high salaries by virtue of his birth and fame. The Eastern Jin court first recruited him into Situfu, and later appointed him as an assistant writer, which was rejected by Xie An on the grounds of illness. Later, Xie An refused to woo, and simply lived in seclusion in Dongshan, Huiji, making frequent friends with celebrities and monks such as Wang Xizhi, Xu Xun and Zhi Daolin. He fished mountains and rivers when he went out, recited literature when he went in, and enjoyed himself in the mountains with prostitutes, but he didn't want to be an official. Yu Bing, who was the secretariat of Yangzhou at that time, admired Xie An's reputation and ordered the county officials to supervise him many times. Xie An had no choice but to summon him. Just over a month later, he resigned and returned to Huiji. Later, the court recruited many soldiers, but Xie An still refused. This caused many ministers' dissatisfaction and accused Xie An in succession, so the court made a decision to imprison Xie An for life.
But Xie An shrugged it off and took it in stride.
Although Xie An repeatedly refused to go out of the mountain, the literati at that time placed great expectations on him, so that people often said, "What will happen if An Shi refuses to go out of the mountain?" His wife, Liu, is a famous sister. See Xie Shang, Xie Yi, Xie Wan and others in high positions, only Xie An can't retire. She once said to Xie An, "Shouldn't my husband be like them?" Xie An covered her nose and replied, "I'm afraid this is inevitable. "Sure enough, Xie Wan was deposed for three years (> 359), which finally forced Xie An to enter the official career.
Xie Wanzi Shiwan, Xie An's younger brother. He is not as good as Xie An, but he is also very talented and good at showing off himself. He was famous and successful at a young age. In the second year of Shengping (358), Xie An's brother Xie Yi died, and Xie Wan was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Xiliang Army, supervising the military affairs of four states including Henan, Hebei and Sizhou, and concurrently serving as the secretariat of Yuzhou. However, he is not the material for unified operations. When he was appointed to the Northern Expedition in October of the third year of Shengping, he was still a celebrity, who only cared about singing opera, but did not know how to care about Suiyuan people. Xie An was very worried about his brother's behavior and advised him to say, "As a marshal, you always have to hand over your generals to please the ministries. How can you be so proud of your birthday? " Xie Wan then called the generals, want to comfort. Unexpectedly, this talkative person can't even say a word of comfort. Holding his breath for a long time, he simply pointed to the generals present with his iron wishful thinking and said, "Generals are all good soldiers and strong generals." Such abuse not only failed to comfort the generals, but made them more resentful. Xie An had no choice but to take the place of Xie Wan and personally visit the generals below the team commander, trying to comfort them and asking them to try their best to help Xie Wan. But this failed to save Xie Wan's failure. Xie Wan led an army to reinforce Luoyang, and before he could engage the enemy, the foot soldiers were scared to flight. Xie Wan rode alone and fled in confusion. The soldiers were going to kill him, but they didn't do it for Xie An's sake. Xie Wan was defeated and demoted to Shu Ren.
Xie Yi died of illness and Xie Wan was abolished, which greatly threatened the power of Xie's family. In the fourth year of Shengping (360), Huan Wen, the general of the Western Expedition, invited Xie An to be Sima under his account, and Xie An accepted it. This was originally a very common thing, but after the news came out, it actually caused a sensation in the ruling and opposition parties. Many courtiers came to see him off when he left for Jiangling. Zhong sarcastically said: "Song repeatedly violated the will of the imperial court and lived in seclusion in Dongshan. People often say: "An Shi refuses to leave, so there is nothing! "Now the whole life will be like He Qing!" But Xie Anyi doesn't mind. Huan Wen was very excited when he got Xie An. Once after Xie An left, Huan Wen proudly said to his servant, "Have you ever seen such a guest? 」
The first year of Xian 'an (37 1) was a crucial year for the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Huan Wen is a very powerful minister. He wanted to make contributions to the Central Plains to improve his reputation, but he was defeated in World War I.. In order to restore his reputation, he accepted Chi Chao's suggestion, deposed Sima Yi in the first year of Xian 'an, and made Hui Ji Wang Sima Yu emperor of Jian Wendi. At this time, Xie An has served as an assistant, and soon he was promoted to the official department minister. He knew Huan Wen's ambition, and knew that Jian Wendi was not much better than the deposed Sima Yi, but his speaking level was slightly higher, but he remained loyal to the imperial court and tried his best not to let Huan Wen succeed in his attempt to usurp power.
In the second year of Xian 'an (372), Jian Wendi, who had been on the throne for less than one year, died in fear. Prince Sima Yao acceded to the throne as a filial piety. Originally, Huan Wen, who was expecting Jian Wendi to give up the throne to himself before he died, was disappointed. On the grounds of going to Beijing to pay homage to Jian Wendi, in February of the first year of Kangning (373), he led an army to Jiankang City, ready to kill the minister to stand on his own feet. He ambushed the soldiers in Xinting in advance and ordered Xie An and Wang to be summoned.
At that time, people in Beijing were very scared, and Wang was also very scared. He asked Xie An what to do. Xie An said calmly, "Eugene's survival depends on this line." Wang crustily skin of head with Xie An came out of the city to Huan Wen camp, sweating like a pig, all the clothes were soaked, and the boards in his hands were hung upside down. Xie An calmly sat down, and then said to Huan Wen with a big smile: "I heard that princes were stationed in all directions, so why did Gong Ming ambush his soldiers behind his back?" "Huan Wen had to awkwardly ordered the removal of the ambush. Because of Xie An's wit and composure, Huan Wen always dared not lay hands on them, and soon returned to Gu Shu. The imminent crisis was calmly resolved by Xie An.
In March of the same year, Huan Wen was seriously ill. After returning to menstruation, my condition became more and more serious. But he is still imagining that he can win the honor of adding nine tin, and he keeps sending people to urge him. Xie An deliberately procrastinated, repeatedly revised the prepared letters, and delayed sending them. Huan Wen finally didn't get what he wanted and died with regret.
After Huan Wen's death, Xie An was appointed as a servant and official of Shangshu, and jointly managed the state affairs with Shangshu official Wang Biao. A few months later, Wang was appointed as the secretariat of Xuzhou, and Xie An was also the general secretariat province, actually in charge of the state affairs of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In order to ease contradictions and stabilize the political situation, Xie An implemented the ruling policy of focusing on the long-term and focusing on harmony and stability. He didn't use Huan Wen's death to destroy Huan's group, but still trusted and reused Huan Wen's younger brother Huan Chong, and made him the military commander of Xu, Yu, Yan, Qing and Yang and the secretariat of Xuzhou, responsible for guarding the mouth of Beijing, and later transferred to the military commander of seven states and concurrently served as the secretariat of Jingzhou. Huan Chong also deeply understands the important principle, thinking that his moral expectation is not as good as Xie An's, and he is willing to take guarding the Quartet as his own responsibility. The coordination of relations between the two countries has promoted political stability. At that time, people praised Xie An and compared him to Wang Dao, while Wen Ya was better.
After internal stability, Xie An turned his attention to the threat from the north. At that time, the former Qin Dynasty became more and more powerful under the rule of Fu Jian, and the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were repeatedly defeated in the battle with the former Qin Dynasty. Xie Anpai's younger brother Xie Shi and nephew Xie Xuan led the army to conquer and won successively. He also ordered Xie Xuan to train the northern government soldiers with strong fighting capacity to prepare against the former Qin Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Taiyuan (383), Fu Jian led a million-strong army south, aiming at annexing the Eastern Jin Dynasty and unifying the world. The military situation is critical and health is affected. Xie An remained as cool as a cucumber, taking charge of military power as a conquering viceroy, and sent Xie Shi, Xie Xuan, Xie Yan and Huan Yi to lead eighty thousand troops to resist. Huan Chong worried about the safety of health, sent three thousand elite to help guard the capital, which was rejected by Xie An. Xie Xuan felt uneasy. Before he left, he asked Xie An about the countermeasures. He just replied, "I've arranged it." I will never talk about the military. Xie Xuan is not sure, let Zhang Xuan to inquire. Xie An still kept his mouth shut about the military, but dragged him to fight. Zhang Xuan's chess skill is far above Xie An's, but when the enemy arrived in Jin State, Zhang Xuan was impatient and Xie An was proud. As a result, Zhang Xuan was defeated by Xie An.
Xie An was playing chess with the guests when the news came that 8 Jin Army was defeated in the battle of Feishui. After reading the good news, he put it next to his seat and quietly continued to play chess. The guest couldn't help asking him. Xie An said firmly: "Nothing, the children have defeated the enemy." Until the end of the game, when all the guests left, Xie Cai couldn't restrain his joy and danced into the room, biting all the fangs at the bottom of the clogs.
The victory of the Battle of Feishui made Xie An's reputation reach its peak, but it was also opposed by Wang Huiji, who liked autocracy. He proposed to lead his army out of the step mountain of Guangling Town and build a new city (now Shaobo Town, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province), nominally to help the former Qin Dynasty, but actually to get rid of the land of health. He set out to build an ocean-going ship and prepared to return to Huiji by sea. However, he soon became seriously ill and had to request to return to Jiankang for treatment and rest. However, a few days after he returned to Jiankang, he died suddenly, and his wish to return to Dongshan failed to come true.
"In the old society, Wang Xie Yan flew into the homes of ordinary people." During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie Jia's officials, horses, power and wealth all vanished with the smoke of history, but Xie An, as a person who made contributions to history, will be remembered by history forever. Xie An is versatile, good at calligraphy and music, and has a high quality of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. He ruled the country by Confucianism and Taoism; As an aristocratic family, they were able to take the overall situation into consideration and subordinate Xie Jia's interests to those of Jinshi family, which was in sharp contrast with Wang Dun and Huan Wen.
The corrupt politics at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty triggered great social unrest, and the history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the south, Si Marui, the evil king of Jinlang, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in 3 17 A.D. and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty, occupying most areas south of Hanshui River and Huaihe River. In the north, there are many disputes between ethnic minority regimes. The pre-Qin Dynasty founded by De successively destroyed the separatist countries such as Dailiang and Liang Qian, and unified the Yellow River basin. Later in 373 AD, the Eastern Jin captured Liang (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and Yi (now Chengdu, Sichuan), and its influence extended to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. Fu Jian, the former emperor of Qin Dynasty, was ambitious, hoping to eliminate the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was partial to the south of the Yangtze River, and unify the north and the south with the trend of "high winds sweeping autumn leaves". Idioms and allusions such as "make a comeback", "whip cut off", "soldiers on the grass" and "the wind is shaking" all come from the water war.
The Battle of Feishui took place in Shouxian County, Anhui Province, which was called Shouzhou and Shouyang in ancient times. It also makes fat water, which comes from Jiangjun Mountain between Feixi and Shouxian. Homologous but different: those that flow to the northwest will leave Shouxian after 200 miles and enter the Huaihe River; What flows to the southeast will flow into Chaohu Lake. In the Three Kingdoms, Wei defeated Sun Quan in Zhang Liao. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie Xuan also defeated Fu Jian. This is a famous ancient battlefield. Especially the Battle of Feishui in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a famous example in the history of our country.
In the Battle of Feishui, the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated Qin Jun with 80,000 troops. There are more than 800,000 * * who fled in the former Qin Jun, and only 30,000 troops of Xianbei Mu Rongchui Department are still intact. Fu Jian's hope of reunifying the north and the south was completely dashed. Not only that, the temporary unification of the north has also collapsed, and it has once again split into more local ethnic regimes. Mu Rongchui of Xianbei nationality and Yao Chang of Qiang nationality rose again and established new countries respectively. Fu Jian himself was captured and killed by Yao Chang two years later, and the former Qin Dynasty perished. Although the winner of this war, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, failed to restore the sovereignty of China, it effectively curbed the intrusion of northern minorities on the South, creating conditions for the social and economic recovery and development in the south of the Yangtze River. The battle of Feishui has also become a famous example of how to win more with less, which has been recorded in military history and has had a long-term impact on the war view and decisive battle thought of later strategists.
In August 383, Fu Jian led 600,000 infantry, 270,000 cavalry and 30,900,000 guards from Chang 'an to the south. At the same time, Fu Jian ordered Zitong prefect Pei Yuanlve to lead 70,000 navy divisions down the river from Bashu to March on Jiankang. Nearly a million marches "travel thousands of miles back and forth, moving in opposite directions." East and West Wan Li, land and water go hand in hand. Fu Jian proudly declared: "Take my countless trips and throw the whip in the river to stop it from flowing." "
The Eastern Jin Dynasty faced a critical moment of life and death under the pressure of a strong enemy, and the hawks headed by Prime Minister Xie An were determined to stand up and resist. Di Chin, on the recommendation of Xie An, appointed Xie Shi, Xie An's younger brother, as the conquering viceroy, and Xie Xuan, Xie An's nephew, as the pioneer, led the "Northern House Soldiers" who had been trained for seven years and had strong fighting capacity (the army that had been strictly trained among the northern emigrants and was the most powerful main force in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) to meet Qin Jun's main force along the west of Huaihe River. Hu Bin was sent to lead the water army to reinforce Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), a strategic place. Huan Chong was also appointed as Jiangzhou secretariat, and led 80,000 Jin troops to control the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, preventing the Qin and Bashu troops from going down the river.
10 On June 8th, Fu Jian's brother Fu Rong led Qin Jun's vanguard troops to capture Shouyang (now Shouxian County) and captured Xu Yuanxi, commander-in-chief of 8 Jin J alive. At the same time, Qin Jun Mu Rongchui captured Yuncheng (now Anlu, Hubei). On the way, Hu Bin, who was ordered to lead the water army to rescue Shouyang, learned that Shouyang had been breached by Fu Rong, so he retreated to Shi Xia (now southwest of Fengtai, Anhui) and waited to meet the armies of Xie Shi and Xie Xuan. Fu Rong led an army to attack Shi Xia. Fu Rong led Liang Cheng to attack Luo Jian (east of Huainan, Anhui Province) with fifty thousand troops, blocking the Huaihe River traffic and Hu Bin's retreat. Hu Bin was trapped in Shi Xia, and the food and grass were exhausted, making it difficult to support. He wrote a letter for emergency use, but the money for delivering the letter was caught by Chi, and the letter fell into Fu Rong's hands. Fu Rong immediately reported to Fu Jian that 8 Jin J serenade was short of food and grass, and suggested that he arise quickly to prevent 8 Jin J from escaping. Fu Jian was rewarded and left the army in Xiangcheng, leading 8,000 cavalry to Shouyang.
As soon as Fu Jian arrived in Shouyang, he immediately sent Zhu Xu, the former commander of Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to 8 Jin Army Camp to surrender. When Zhu Xu arrived at Jinying, he did not surrender, but provided Qin Jun with information. He said, "Although Qin Jun has a population of one million, it is still marching. If we concentrate our forces, the Jin army will be hard to resist. Things are different now. We should take advantage of Qin Jun's incomplete arrival to launch an attack quickly. As long as we can defeat its vanguard troops and demoralize them, we can break the Qin million-strong army. " At first, Xie Shi thought that Qin Jun was very strong and planned to stick to it until the enemy was tired and then waited for an opportunity to counterattack. Zhu Xu's words made him feel very reasonable, so he changed his operational policy and decided to turn from defense to attack and take the initiative to attack.
165438+ 10 In June, Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi, a valiant general, to attack Luo Jian with 5000 soldiers, which started the battle of Feishui. Qin Cheng led 50,000 troops to line up against the enemy by the river. Liu Laozhi divided his troops and made a detour to Qin Jun to cut off his retreat; Led the troops stormed waterinfo, stormed Qin Jun, panicked, barely resisted for a while, and then collapsed. The commander Liang Cheng and his brother Liang Yun died in battle, and the officers and men rushed to the Huaihe River to save their lives, killing more than 1.5 million people. Luo Jian's victory greatly boosted the morale of 8 jin j..
Due to the pressure on the west bank of Feishui, 8 Jin Army could not cross the river, so they had to confront each other across the river. Xie Xuan sent an emissary to Fu Rong, who dared not say, "You are a long-term plan, not someone who wants to make a quick decision. Why don't we move less and let the nomads cross the border to decide the outcome? " Qin Jun's generals all expressed their opposition, but Fu Jian thought that we could play along and let the troops retreat a little. When the Jin army crosses the river halfway, the cavalry will kill it again, so as to win. Fu Rong also agreed to Fu Jian's plan, so he agreed to Xie Xuan's request and instructed Qin Jun to retreat. However, the morale of Qin Jun soldiers was low, and as a result, they lost control as soon as they retreated, and the battle was in chaos. Xie Xuan led more than 8,000 cavalry to Qin Jun, and Zhu Xu shouted after the battle of Qin Jun: "Qin Jun was defeated! Qin Bing was defeated! " Chixin believed it and turned and ran. Seeing that the general trend was not good, Fu Rong rode to stop it in order to stabilize his position. Unexpectedly, the horse was washed down by the mutinous soldiers and killed by the pursuers of 8 Jin Army. The loss of main qi became more and more chaotic and completely collapsed. The rout of the striker caused panic in the follow-up troops, and it also ran away in a chain reaction. As a result, the whole army fled and retreated northward. Qin Jun routed troops didn't dare to stay along the way. He listened with trepidation and thought it was the pursuit of the Jin army. 8 jin j 56-point thrashing, arrived at Cyclobalanopsis near Shouyang. Qin soldiers and horses marched step by step, covering mountains and irrigating rivers. Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow, and only 65438+ 10,000 yuan was left when he fled back to Luoyang.
The Jin army recovered Shouyang, and Xie Xuan sent a flying horse to Jiankang to report good news. Xie An is playing chess with the guests at home. After reading the good news from Xie Shi, he put aside the good news with a straight face and played chess as usual. Knowing that it was the battle report coming from the front, the guest couldn't help asking Xie An, "How is the battle?" Xie An said slowly, "The child finally defeated the Qin people." ("Children have thieves!" Hearing this, the guest was so happy that he didn't want to play chess again. He wanted to tell others the good news quickly and then left. Xie An sent the guests away and returned to the inner city. His excitement could no longer be contained. When he crossed the threshold, he tripped and broke the clogs' teeth. This is the origin of the famous allusion "broken tooth".