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As a historical figure, Emperor Taizong has made great achievements. His achievements have been engraved on the historical monument, and his shortcomings and faults have always existed in the long river of history. How to evaluate him in one sentence is "more merits than demerits".
Emperor Taizong's achievements in his life are mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the martial arts in the process of establishing the Tang Dynasty and unifying the whole country, and the other is the literary rule in the Zhenguan period. This paper mainly discusses the latter.
The emergence of Zhenguan rule and the reason why Emperor Taizong became an outstanding and progressive historical figure is by no means accidental, but has its profound historical background.
First of all, Emperor Taizong followed the trend of historical development and learned the lessons of the demise of the Sui Dynasty. At the end of Sui Dynasty, there was a peasant uprising against Yang Di's tyranny. The people opposed exorbitant taxes and demanded that taxes be reduced. The people oppose life and death, demanding good and good, and evil and evil; The people opposed the belligerence of the war and demanded that Yan Wu cultivate literature and recuperate. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, saw these problems and made unremitting efforts around them. He always remembers the old adage that "water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it", and he is prepared for danger in times of peace and dare not slack off. His efforts conform to the historical trend, which is an important factor in the rule of Zhenguan.
Second, Emperor Taizong had a harmonious relationship with officials and formed a good political atmosphere. At the beginning of Zhenguan. With a strong sense of mission and responsibility, the officials and ministers of Emperor Taizong faced up to the problems existing in society and formed a whole of solidarity. The monarch's advice is like a stream; My lieutenants speak frankly and admonish each other, and you choose your talents and do your duty; The monarch strictly enforced the law, and so did his deputies. Everyone tried to see Siqi. This good political atmosphere and relaxed political environment greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of officials at all levels and fully demonstrated the vitality of the orderly operation of the state machine, thus providing a guarantee for the emergence of the country.
Thirdly, Emperor Taizong himself gave full play to his intelligence. When formulating various policies, Emperor Taizong was able to assess the situation, gain insight into the overall situation and try to avoid policy mistakes. In the appointment of talents, Emperor Taizong knew the virtues, talents and even personality characteristics of his subordinates like the back of his hand, so he was able to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. Tang Taizong can absorb and inherit the successes, failures, gains and losses and lessons in ancient and modern history. When dealing with military affairs, he often quoted classics and used them freely. It can also correct the shortcomings and omissions in its own and national policies in time. All these decide that the position and role of Emperor Taizong in Zhenguan Group is irreplaceable. His superior thoughts and opinions are indispensable nutrients for Zhenguan to govern the world.
But Emperor Taizong was not perfect. Although he is clever, he also has a fatuous side. His life is full of bright spots and dark spots. Especially in the late period of Zhenguan, he became proud. He was immersed in the joy of celebrating success and singing praises. He changed from accepting advice to not listening to different opinions, from generosity to paranoia, and his brilliant light was gradually replaced by fatuity. A generation of monarchs became old and lifeless. The reasons and lessons of this change are profound.
On the one hand, the feudal system itself was a hotbed of the fall of Emperor Taizong. Under the feudal system of absolute monarchy, imperial power is exclusive and supreme. Although Emperor Taizong was a wise monarch, he was not a god, and he had his own shortcomings in one way or another. Under the autocratic monarchy, this deficiency can not be completely corrected, but will increase day by day, and eventually become an obstacle to the orderly operation of the state machine. On the other hand, complacency was the catalyst for the fall of Emperor Taizong. In the early period of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong was modest and prudent. With the improvement of the national situation and the consolidation of political power, in the middle of Zhenguan, there was a complacent factor in his thought, which became more and more serious and became a catalyst for his fall. On the other hand, the blow of the Prince incident seriously affected the mood of Emperor Taizong, making him more and more suspicious and paranoid.
From the above analysis, we can see that there are obvious differences in Tang Taizong's politics before and after the reform, but we can't say that the early stage is absolutely good and the late stage is absolutely bad. As a feudal emperor, his words and deeds are various and sometimes contradictory. Although he made some mistakes in his later years, he was still an outstanding feudal emperor in the history of China and one of the great figures of our Chinese nation. The Zhenguan period in which he was in power was a prosperous period of feudal society in China, and it was also a brilliant page in the history of our country and even the world.
Edited on 20 10-08-09
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Write a review of historical events or historical figures of more than 500 words.
Movie: My thoughts after reading19191919 The China delegation attending the Paris Peace Conference refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which shocked the world. It is against this background that the film My 19 19 tells the story of China's diplomatic genius Gu Weijun as China. What kind of history is this? How did this humiliation last like a bug for a hundred years? China people, in modern history, can be regarded as "people"? We bite the bullet and bear the burden of humiliation. How many souls and backbones have the 40 million people of China cultivated in China? The film My 19 19 vividly shows the diplomatic situation of China 80 years ago, eulogizes the unyielding national spirit and surging patriotic passion of the Chinese nation, and reveals the truth that "a weak country has no diplomacy" through the historical event that China's diplomatic mission refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference. The film focuses on performance and description; As the plenipotentiary of the China government, Gu Weijun defended the national dignity and the rights and interests of the Chinese nation at the Paris Peace Conference. The brilliant performance of refusing to sign the Treaty of Versailles and the touching historical story of Xiao Kejian's pleading for the country and the people and fighting against imperialist powers truly reproduce the international society and international relations after the First World War. This film fully shows how difficult it is for China, as a "weak country", to find justice and equality in the international power community. However, China finally stood up for the first time and said to the great powers: No! Since then, China has started a new chapter in the last century, which is a glorious chapter of China people's awakening and rising! The case once again mentioned that "weak countries have no diplomacy." These are five words full of sadness, which are deeply imprinted in the hearts of all China people in modern times. We should always remember, never forget, and remember from generation to generation! Because, for these five words, how much territory, how much money, how much self-esteem, how many good sons and daughters of China have we lost ... We have paid too much, and we can't and don't repeat the same mistakes. Tragic history, let it stay forever! "Weak countries have no diplomacy" tells us that powerful countries have the right to speak and the right to be heard. At that time, there were so many people with lofty ideals in China, from officials to people, from inside to outside, from such high officials to such young diplomats, from young people like Xiao Kejian to women like Mei. Why is China still so sacrificial? Because at that time, China was a place where anyone could get a piece of it. Anyone can trample on a country at will. Then, even though Gu Weijun used his unique wit, humor and originality brilliantly at the Paris Peace Conference, he mocked the Japanese representative with a pocket watch and fought with his personal talent and personality. And how Xiao Kejian ran around shouting, screaming at the top of his lungs, how to serve the country, and how to die generously ... Under the great environment of world power politics and the absolute superiority of western imperialist powers, everything seemed pale and powerless. No matter how sharp the gravel is, how can it compete with a solid and huge stone? Please remember this for the 65.438+300 million people in China: weak countries have no diplomacy! In this era of peace, we need this sentence to inspire the deaf. You should plan ahead and be prepared for danger in times of peace, perhaps because you are paying the price for it.
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History assignment: write a 500-word argumentative essay describing historical figures.
This style generally points out the essence of the other party's mistakes first, or directly refutes (refutes the main points) or indirectly refutes (refutes arguments and arguments); Then, I put forward my own point of view in a tit-for-tat manner and demonstrated it. Refutation is closely related to argument, because to refute the wrong argument of the other side, it is often necessary to put forward one's own correct argument in a tit-for-tat manner in order to completely refute the wrong argument. An argumentative paper based on refutation is a refuting paper. Refuting a paper often stands out while breaking, that is, while refuting the wrong arguments of the other party, it puts forward its own correct views in a tit-for-tat manner. There are three ways to refute the wrong argument: 1. Refutation point 2. Refutation basis 3. Refute an argument But in the final analysis, it is to refute the point. Refutation is a common style of argumentative writing, which is especially valuable in criticizing and exposing some ugly social phenomena. But students often feel that they don't know where to refute and can't write. There is actually a train of thought in writing such articles, that is, 1, listing phenomena, 2, showing disadvantages, 3, exploring the root causes, and 4, pointing out the way out. This paper is suitable for high school texts. Taking Lu Xun's masterpiece "Takeism" as an example, this paper analyzes this characteristic of refuting papers. Enumerating phenomena enumerates immoral phenomena in reality that hinder the healthy development of society. The typicality of case selection to alert people; The richness of the list can resonate with readers; The diversity of rhetoric can highlight literary talent and enhance momentum. For example, I just sent a batch of antiques to Paris for exhibition recently, and I don't know what will happen afterwards. There are also several "masters" holding several ancient paintings and new paintings and hanging them all the way in European countries, which is called "carrying forward the national light". I heard that Dr. Mei Lanfang will be sent to the Soviet Union to promote "symbolism" in the near future, and then he will go to Europe to preach. Show shortcomings. Every ugly phenomenon will cause more or less social losses. Some losses are obvious, which makes people despise and spit on; But after a long time, there will be some losses, and many people can't see the harm of this imagination, so it is necessary to reveal it, which requires writers not only to have a profound vision, but also to have the ability to foresee through phenomena. (this kind of blind delivery has caused the exhaustion of materials. Although some people say that digging underground coal is enough for the world to use for hundreds of years. But, hundreds of years later? Hundreds of years later, of course, we will become souls, or go to heaven or go to hell, but our children and grandchildren are still alive, so we should leave them some gifts. Otherwise, on the occasion of the festival ceremony, they get nothing, so they have to kowtow to each other and ask for some leftovers as a reward. This kind of reward should not be misunderstood as throwing things. It was thrown away. To put it mildly, it can be called "sending". I don't want to give examples here. Exploring the root causes, looking at the problem from a philosophical perspective and looking at the problem from a theoretical perspective show the depth and breadth of thinking. But we were frightened by what was delivered. First, British opium, abandoned guns in Germany, then French gunpowder, American movies, and various Japanese gadgets printed with "completely domestic products". Therefore, even sober young people are disgusted with foreign goods. In fact, this is precisely because it is "sending" rather than "bringing". Find ways to be far-sighted and strategically located, and point out ways to solve problems for readers. From the perspectives of education, government regulation and guidance, and severe punishment by law. So use your head, open your eyes and get it yourself! Anyway, we must take it with us. We want to use it, store it, or destroy it. Then, if the owner is a new owner, the house becomes a new one. However, first of all, this person should be calm, brave, discerning and not selfish. Without it, you can't be a newcomer. If you don't take it, literature and art can't become new literature and art. For another example, you can write the following outline: "Don't let the' hero' cry." The first layer: don't do it yourself, stop and restrict others; Seeing honor, jealousy and denigrating others: this is a typical performance of people who make' heroes' cry. The second layer: hurting others, making the hero feel like dying; Harm society and make society healthy and depressed. It is the danger of making the' hero' cry. The third layer: strong personal desire, strong jealousy, narrow-mindedness, and belief in "everyone for me" are the fundamental reasons for the tears of' heroes'. The fourth layer: we are not afraid of gossip, and we are opposed to being jealous of talents. This is our correct attitude towards this outrageous behavior; Strengthening moral education and protecting the rights and interests of heroes are the correct measures for us to deal with this outrageous behavior. The above is the author's thinking on refuting the writing of the paper. I hope that the majority of candidates can actively learn from them, show deep and long-term vision and far-sighted views in the examination room, and win the exam.
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Ask to write a 300-word reading note about historical figures or events.
Evaluate the positive role of Cao Cao (1) in unifying the north. As mentioned earlier, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to political darkness, social production was seriously damaged, and people could not live, and finally a vigorous Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out. However, under the historical conditions at that time, the peasant uprising could not achieve the final victory, which was followed by the disintegration of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the warlord scuffle. In the scuffle, not only Dong Zhuo, Li Jue and other Liangzhou warlords slaughtered people and robbed property everywhere, but also the eastern generals under the banner of diligent king. Therefore, there is a bleak scene of "people eat people and the state is depressed". Apart from the reactionary rule in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is unforgivable to suppress the peasant uprising and the warlords who destroyed social production. But relatively speaking, there are still differences between warlords. Take Cao Cao as an example. Although he suppressed the peasant uprising and killed innocent people, from his political, military and economic performance, he was better than the warlord he eliminated. For example, he reclaimed land, built water conservancy projects and implemented the system of selling salt and iron by officials, which played a positive role in social and economic recovery and economic rectification. These will be introduced when talking about the economy. As soon as Cao Cao embarked on his official career, he tried to use stricter laws to change the rampant situation of extravagance of powerful people at that time. However, because the curse lies in the central government, Cao did not dare to show his intentions. It was not until he came to power himself that the policy of restraining arrogance was fully implemented. He said: "the punishment of the husband is also the life of the people"; The policy of bringing order out of chaos should put punishment first. He used Wang Xiu, Sima Zhi, Yang Pei, Lv Qian, Man Chong, Jia Kui and other local officials to curb the lawless strongmen. If we compare Yuan Shao's and Cao Cao's political skills in Jizhou, we can see two different situations: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, politics was lenient and salt was lenient, so we didn't take it." Under Yuan Shao's lenient policy, "it is not enough to make the powerful and powerful arrogant, annex their relatives, make the people poor and weak, pay taxes on their behalf, and show off their wealth." As a result, it is naturally impossible to be "people-friendly to Qiang Bing". So Yuan Shao was defeated by Cao Cao, although he was big, with many soldiers and food. After the war in Jizhou, he immediately "emphasized the method of merging powerful countries" and thus received the effect of "making the people happy". As long as we look at Wei Zhi's reflection, we can see that under Cao Cao's rule, the political outlook and social atmosphere from the central to the local are different from before. Few ministers in North Korea engage in graft; Unscrupulous local officials and strongmen have also been restrained to some extent. Sima Guang said that Cao Cao's "turning chaos into governance" was not groundless. Moreover, the officials he elected should be "sensible" and be able to govern the country according to law. Cao Cao also advocates honesty. He used Cui Yan and Mao Jie for the election. "Everyone he uses is honest and upright. Although he was famous at that time, he didn't do what he should do, and he was finally admitted. " Thrift guides people, so people all over the world are inspired by honesty and thrift. Although your minister, dare not cross. "So the social atmosphere has improved. Complementing the implementation of the rule of law policy is to concentrate on yourself as much as possible and not allow vassals to form gangs. He ordered: "In this Qing Dynasty, even though personal relationships were better than others, it was still useless to serve the country and the king." Fuck, in order to supervise the ministers, the establishment of "school affairs" was opposed by the ministers, who thought it was an "untrustworthy purpose" Cao Cao explained it this way: "You can do a lot of things if you want to stab, but you can't. "The so-called' sages and gentlemen' mainly refers to noble ministers, who are officials all their lives, with branches and leaves attached, and have great fame and influence. On the one hand, we should win over the Rightists and make them occupy the upper position without real power; On the one hand, they also use ordinary school affairs to check their behavior. Is it necessary to do this? You can use Sun Quan's words to answer later. Sun Quan said: "The disciples of Chang Wen (Chen Qunzi) used to be able to keep good deeds and try their best to fuck their heads, but they were afraid of being strict and did not dare to do anything wrong. "Sun Quan also followed suit and set up a school post, indicating that under the circumstances at that time, it was reasonable to set up a school supervisor in order to prevent the clique of ministers and Lombardi Group at the end of the Han Dynasty from repeating itself. From the internal structure of Cao Wei regime, there are the most noble ministers, and the potential danger is heavier. Cao Cao planned for himself and future generations, and set up school affairs to wait on the ministers. Although it is harsh and political, it is difficult to subdue them without it. The history book says: "Cao Gong is strict in nature. As an official, he often adds a staff. ".Cao Cao also let the general's family live in his home to prevent them from fleeing from themselves, which is a reflection of the estrangement and contradiction between Cao Cao and his subordinates. On the whole, under Cao Cao's rule, the Yellow River Basin has a certain degree of political clarity, the economy has gradually recovered, the class oppression has been slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere has improved. Therefore, we say that the unification of the north and some corresponding measures still have positive effects. (2) Cao Cao is an outstanding strategist. First of all, Cao Cao is good at commanding generals; For example, in the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Cao Cao left three generals, Zhang Liao, Lejin and Li Dian, and Xue Mian, the defender, to guard the battle. The following year, before Cao Cao led his army to the west to explore Zhang Lu, he sent someone to send Fatwa to Xue Mian. The cover said, "A thief is a thief." . Soon, Sun Quan personally led 100,000 troops to attack Hefei, and Xue Biao and others wrote a letter, saying, "If Sun Quan arrives, General Zhang and General Li will go out, General Le will defend himself, and the army will not have to fight." At this time, there were only 7,000 defenders in Hefei. Being outnumbered, you will wonder whether it is the best policy to divide your troops and go out. Zhang Liao said, "Grandpa will go on an expedition, but if you save him, you will be defeated. Therefore, we should attack the religion and its failure, break its prosperity, reassure the public, and then defend it. The chance of success or failure, in this battle, why do you doubt! " Li Dian smell speech, immediately agreed. So Liao and the pawn night recruited 800 people who dared to follow, killing cattle. At dawn the next day, Liao, who held a halberd, took the lead, killed dozens of people, beheaded two generals, shouted his name and went straight to Sun Quan's headquarters. Seeing Liao's ferocity, Quan was at a loss and frightened, so he had to climb up the mound and defend himself with a halberd. Liao told Quan to fight, but Quan did not dare to move. When he saw Liao Serenade, he gathered around Liao. Liao broke through again and again, and those in power were invincible. No one dares to be that person. From the early wars to Japan and China, the Wu people seized the air superiority. Liao and others are still on the defensive, and everyone is at ease. After World War I, the whole army lost its momentum and stayed in Hefei for more than ten days, that is, withdrew its troops. With the departure of the public, the power and number of people will remain in the north of xiaoyaojin. When Zhang Liao saw it from a height, he rode his horse to act quickly and captured Quan alive. He fought to the death with Gan Ning, Ling Tong, and Quan began to flee on a fine horse, and several of them were captured alive. Historians are full of praise for Cao Cao's killing order. Hu Sansheng thinks that Cao Cao is brave and sharp in Liao and Yunnan, which makes him fight. Cheer up. Keep it. "Sun Sheng believes that Cao Cao's original intention is to be brave and afraid of deployment," in cahoots ". I think: Zhang Liao is brave and good at fighting, and Le Jin is also famous for his "small fruit". He always takes the lead in the battle, "struggling to break through and be invincible." I am afraid it is wrong to describe Le Jin as a "timid" person or a person who can only be "cautious". Cao Cao meant to know that Sun Quan was coming, and he would rely on a large number of troops, and Hefei would be arrogant and underestimate the enemy. We can take this opportunity to give an inaudible surprise attack. That is, as Zhang Liao said, "If you don't accept it, you will be arrogant", that's all. Cover your troops quickly, cover them unprepared, and know how to anticipate the enemy. This is extremely clear. Because Sun Quan often invaded Hefei, Cao Wei and the secretariat of some States near Hefei also led troops to station troops here. In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Cao Cao ordered Pei Qian, the Yanzhou secretariat stationed in Hefei, to prepare for the March. Because there was no military atmosphere in Hefei at this time, Pei Qian and others did not act quickly. Wen Hui, the secretariat of Yangzhou, secretly said to Pei Qian, "This is an urgent matter in Xiangyang. I want to go there. So don't worry, don't want to disturb people far away. In a day or two, there will be a secret book to promote the Qing and Jin Dynasties, and Zhang Liao and others will be called again. Liao will know the king's will at the same speed, and then call first, and you will blame it! " So Pei Qian quickly prepared for an urgent March. Sure enough, the order to March quickly was received. Then Zhang Liao and others also received letters. It shows that Cao Cao has strict constraints on generals, and there is no room for slow-motion letters. As can be seen from the above, Cao Cao is good at using generals and strict with them, but he can get their support. Even Sun Quan said that Cao Cao "emperors and princes are rare since ancient times". Prove that Cao Cao is good at commanding generals. Cao Cao is also resourceful and always improvises in strategy and tactics. When fighting, Cao often makes decisions according to the situation of the enemy and ourselves, which is changeable. As mentioned earlier. In a series of wars with Lu Bu, Zhang Xiu, Yuan Shao, Ma Chao, Han Sui and other drug farmers, Cao Cao often used the methods of introducing from the east, evading reality, ambushing, circuitous, raiding, alienating, robbing food, attacking them unprepared, and abandoning things to lure the enemy in order to win and turn weakness into strength. Strategically, Cao concentrated the wisdom of his subordinates, chose good and followed, and rarely made mistakes. For example, when Cao Cao and Lu Bu fought for Yanzhou, Tao Qian, a herdsman in Xuzhou, died of illness. Cao Cao wanted to take the opportunity to attack Xuzhou and then attack Lu Bu. Yu Xun dissuaded it. Cao Cao changed his mind and defeated Lu Bu with all his strength to pacify Yanzhou. Then Xuzhou joined the party. In the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), that is, the second year after the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao decided to settle on Hebei for lack of food, and wanted to break ground for salt, so as to attack Liu Biao during this period. Yu Xun said, "Shao has been defeated, and all his men are indifferent. It is advisable to take advantage of its difficulties; And carry Yan, Yu, away from Shijiang and Han. If you collect its embers, it will be business. " Cao Cao followed, and finally settled Jizhou. As can be seen from the above, Yu Xun corrected Cao Cao's wrong ideas in strategic decision-making many times, which played a key role in Cao Cao's success or failure. Other counselors, such as Xun You and Guo Jia, had similar feats and were praised by Cao Cao. It proved that Cao Cao attached great importance to strategic deployment and had a thorough discussion with the group members in advance. His ability to adopt other people's correct strategies shows that he has strong judgment. When Cao Cao and Yuan Shao confronted Dong Zhuo, Shao asked Cao Cao, "Why don't you make things up?" Cao Cao said, "What does the first step mean?" Shao said, "My south is near the river, and my north is against Yan and Dai. I am also a member of the army. How can I help the southern world? " Cao Cao said, "I am the wisdom of the world, and I can resist it with Tao." Cao Cao said to others, "Is Tang and King Wu the same as the earth?" With insurance as capital, we can't change according to opportunities. "One of the main reasons why Cao Cao Can defeated the enemy is, as he himself said," to gain the wisdom of the world ",that is, to give full play to the wisdom of his deputies and the fighting enthusiasm of the soldiers. The so-called "sages don't love their plans, and the group of scholars spare no effort." "No matter how well Cao Cao has done in strategy and tactics, his army can't do without strong fighting capacity. Lu Bu's army claimed to be brave; Yuan Shao's army has the largest number, and after many contests, it was defeated by Cao Cao, which shows that Cao Cao's fighting capacity is very strong. The reason why Cao Cao has strong fighting capacity is that Cao Cao has always taken measures such as streamlining troops and simplifying administration, and attaching importance to grain production and transportation. Cao Cao once said: "Lonely people can always defeat the enemy with fewer soldiers, but they always want to increase the number of soldiers and ignore the rest. It is because of the advocacy of the former dynasties that they love horses for soldiers. " I'm not satisfied with many officials. I love to send meals to soldiers. "Cao Cao said that during the battle of Guandu, Yuan Shaoyou had ten thousand armor collars, and he only had twenty collars. Yuan Shao has three hundred armour, but he doesn't even have ten armour. Although Cao Cao's army is small in number and poorly equipped, Cao Cao pays more attention to discipline and rewards and punishments strictly. As a result, Yuan Jun was defeated. On one March, Cao Cao ordered that horses should not trample on wheat fields. Any violation will be beheaded. So the soldiers all dismounted and walked to avoid trampling on the wheat. But Cao Cao's horse was surprised and stepped on the wheat field. So Cao Cao drew his sword and cut off a lock of his hair as punishment. Although this is just a show, it can also show that Cao Cao is more serious in maintaining the law in the army. In the early days, there were many defeats and wars, but the army never collapsed, because it was well managed and had good cooperation and support politically and economically. Therefore, we can finally turn the corner and turn the weak into the strong. Other warlords, such as Yuan Shaoze, "the imperial army is lenient and the law is not established"; Lyu3 bu4 "brave but not scheming" and "light and cunning"; Liu Biao "does not study military affairs" and only "protects the environment and defends himself"; Yuan Shu is "extravagant" and "good without fiber". "So fucking can finally break them one by one. It can be said that Cao is an outstanding strategist in ancient times. (3) Cao Cao's character and style. Cao Cao is one of the famous figures in the history of China, and people have different views on him, with different opinions. The destroyer described him as a white-faced traitor, an ultra-egoist, who specializes in politics. "It is better to die than to die"; Those who respect him aim to be heroes, outstanding strategists, politicians and writers. According to relevant historical records, good and evil are wrong, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false. If you rely on some accounts unilaterally and take them out of context, even if you publish more commentary articles, it will not help. When commenting on historical figures, we should sum up the mainstream things (such as virtue, talent, merit, excess, goodness, evil, function, influence, etc.). ) from the relevant reliable accounts, so as to draw a definite conclusion. It is not only necessary to compare this character with his contemporaries, but also with people of the same type in the long river of history, so it is not difficult to estimate its value in all aspects and determine its historical role. For example, we have analyzed Cao Cao's loyalty and treachery, and Cao Wei's regime was painstakingly managed by Cao Cao under the influence of the peasant uprising. At that time, there were no people in the Han Dynasty, so what power could Cao Cao usurp in the Han Dynasty? Cao Cao did play a trick of "holding the emperor to make the princes", but by doing so, the nominal national oak was extended to the Han Dynasty for more than 20 years. If Cao Cao is a traitor, who are the loyal ministers of Eryuan, Liu Biao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan? If you can't find a loyal minister who can safeguard the Han regime, can you still say that Cao Cao is a traitor? As for whether Cao Cao is treacherous to people? Dedicated to self-interest Is it true that Cao Cao said in the legend that "it is better to die than to die"? According to the History of the Three Kingdoms (volume 1) and the Records of Emperor Wudi, Wei Shu was quoted: Mao was defeated by Zhuo, so he did not bow down and fled to his hometown. He has ridden his old friend Elevation Lv Boshe several times, but Bosch is absent. His son and his guests robbed Mao, grabbed horses and things, and Mao killed several people with his knife. The annotation of Emperor Wu Ji also quoted Shiyu: Taizu lived a luxurious life, and five sons were present to prepare for the ceremony. Mao killed eight people with his sword in the night. The annotation of the Ji of Emperor Wudi quoted Miscellaneous Notes: Taizu heard the sound of his eating utensils and thought he would kill him at night. Then he said sadly, "I'd rather be negative than negative!" "Go ahead. According to "Shu Wei", killing people is after being robbed, and this kind of killing can't be said to be a villain, but an act of punishing gangsters. " Miscellaneous Notes says that killing people at night is for fear that others will kill themselves, so it is better to start first. This can also be said to be an act of "it is better to die than to die". However, after the exercise, I soon felt sad and sad, indicating that killing was a misunderstanding, and I was not willing to be a naturally negative person. Moreover, the language of "Better to die than to die" is only found in this book, and the other two books have not mentioned it. This shows that this statement is not reliable. Judging from the actual situation at that time, if you run away from fear, you will be as busy as a bee, and Ann will easily do things that kill people and cause trouble. If he is afraid of others and wants to help himself, he should run away while others are unprepared. Why did he kill to increase his guilt? The records in the above three books are quite different, so Chen Shou is useless. Pei's note is quoted, but no comments are made, which is for record only. Therefore, we should not regard it as a real substance. Instead of obsessing over this question, we should look for the answer from many more concrete actions. Chen Gong, for example, was originally a hero who supported Cao Cao's struggle for state animal husbandry, and Cao Cao "treated him like a son". But later, Chen Gong took advantage of Cao Cao's crusade to graze Tao Qian in Xuzhou, rebelled against Cao Cao, and welcomed Lu Bu as Yanzhou's shepherd, which made Cao Cao suffer several disasters. Later, both Chen Gong and Lu Bu were captured. "Please castrate, Cao Cao will cry", which is quite a pity for an old friend. After the death of the palace, "raising his mother, marrying his daughter and taking care of his family are thicker than at the beginning." "Another example is the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14). Before Kuai Yue died, Cao Cao was asked to take care of his family. Cao Cao reported that "the dead are reborn, the living are innocent, and there are a few tricks." You will hear this statement when you do so many things. " It can be seen that Cao Cao has no responsibility for the entrustment of the deceased. Wang Shen's son was punished by Cao Pi for participating in the satirical rebellion of Wei. Cao Cao sighed and said, "You alone will not let Zhong Xuan have no offspring." It is more widely known that Jinbi saved Cai Wenji from the southern Xiongnu. Cao Cao also said to himself: "I have never done anything wrong in my heart", which shows that he is afraid of being negative, and it seems impossible to say "I would rather be negative than negative". Lv Simian said, "Treat others with a gentle attitude." . This statement is in line with the facts. Most of the rumors and anecdotes about cheating are not historical truth. But where did this statement come from? First of all, Cao Cao is good at using troops. "Set a surprise attack according to the situation and make the enemy win." Lu Bu once warned his subordinates: "Cao Cao is too arrogant." As a result, some people extended the "excessive criticism" when using troops to their own people and style; Secondly, Chen Shou said that Cao Cao was "less alert and more political". "Holding the emperor to make the princes" is his politics, and Zhao controls the people with politics. Political employment does have its place, but it is also partial to say that he relies entirely on political employment. How many feudal political leaders don't use politics? How many didn't kill anyone? Yuan Shao has asked Cao Cao to kill Yang Biao, Kong Rong and Liang Shao. Take Kong Rong for example, he didn't kill people at will! He served as the North Sea Phase only because "