1. Topographic and geomorphological impact: Xiaoqing River Basin is located in the transition zone between the mountainous area in central Shandong and the plain in northern Shandong, with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. The hilly area accounts for 36% of the total area and the plain area accounts for 64%. This landform makes the river influenced by topography in the development process, forming the characteristics of comb water system.
2. Climatic factors: Xiaoqing River Basin belongs to temperate monsoon climate zone, with distinct seasons and concentrated precipitation. Summer is influenced by southeast monsoon, with abundant precipitation, and winter is influenced by dry and cold airflow, with less precipitation. This climatic condition leads to the uneven distribution of precipitation in the basin and the great change of river water quantity, which further affects the formation of water system.
3. Geological structure: The geological structure of Xiaoqing River Basin also affected the formation of water system. The stratum in the territory is complex and the lithology is changeable, and there are a lot of limestone, sandstone and shale. These different rock formations form various types of caves and fractures under the action of water, which affects the flow of groundwater and the distribution of surface water system.
4. Impact of human activities: Human activities in the basin also have an impact on the formation of water system. Historically, due to mining, water conservancy projects and other reasons, some river sections were disturbed and destroyed by human beings, which changed the original water system pattern.
Characteristics of Xiaoqing River Basin:
1. Landforms are diverse: Xiaoqing River Basin has diverse landforms, with low mountains and hills in the south and plains in the north. This difference in topography leads to the diversity of natural landscapes and ecosystems in the basin.
2. Rich water resources: Xiaoqing River Basin is rich in water resources, and the river water quantity is greatly affected by seasons. In summer, due to abundant precipitation, the river water is large; In winter, due to the decrease of precipitation, the river water volume is small.
3. Developed water system: Xiaoqing River Basin has developed water system, with numerous tributaries and comb-like distribution. These tributaries have formed many lakes and wetlands in the basin, providing a good ecological environment for biodiversity.
4. Great economic significance: Xiaoqing River Basin is one of the important economic regions in Shandong Province, with developed industry and agriculture. In agriculture, the main crops are wheat, corn and cotton. From the industry point of view, mainly chemical industry, machinery, textile and other industries.
5. Importance of ecological protection: Xiaoqing River Basin is rich in biological resources and natural landscape, which has high ecological protection value. This watershed is one of the important ecological functional areas in Shandong Province and even the whole country, which is of great significance to maintaining regional ecological balance.