1On May 8, 945, Hitler surrendered unconditionally. According to the provisions of the Crimean Declaration and the Potsdam Agreement, defeated Germany should become a unified, independent and peace-loving democratic country in the future. Before the completion of such a country, it was temporarily occupied by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France, and the capital Berlin was also controlled by the four countries. However, due to their respective positions, purposes and interests, the Eastern and Western allies have different understandings and interpretations of various agreements. The four countries have their own opinions on the reunification of Germany and Berlin, and the struggle is fierce. In particular, the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union were serious, and the Allies could not play a role in the German control committee. Each occupied area manipulates and controls its own independent political entity and implements different policies. Soviet area develops in the direction of socialism, while western occupation develops in the direction of capitalism. With the deterioration of the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the Cold War, the United States adopted the policy of splitting Germany in order to dominate Europe and use Germany to contain the Soviet Union. Under the control of the United States, in June 5438 +0947+10, the United States and Britain merged the occupied areas of the two countries. 1From February to June, 1948, the United States, Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg held a London meeting, proposing that the three occupied western regions should merge and unify their economic policies, carry out monetary reform, convene a constitutional convention, and set up a West German government as soon as possible. On June 2 1 day, the western occupied area unilaterally implemented monetary reform. In order to counter the United States, the Soviet Union set up the German Economic Committee to manage economic affairs in the Soviet-occupied area in June 1947, and held the first German People's Congress in February 19. On June 22nd, 1948, the Soviet Union also issued new currency in the Soviet-occupied area, and "blocked Berlin" from June 24th. The Berlin crisis broke out. In the same year, 165438+ 10 and 65438+February, municipal organizations were established in East and West Berlin respectively, and they were split first. The United States took the Berlin crisis as an opportunity to accelerate the pace of splitting Germany. 1949, 12 in may, the western occupied area agreed to the basic law adopted by the german parliamentary Committee, namely the Bonn constitution. On September 20th, the Federal Republic of Germany was formally established, referred to as the Federal Republic of Germany or West Germany; In the same year1October 7th, 10, the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany for short) was established in the Soviet-occupied area. Since then, the unified German country has split into two parts, and two Germans have appeared on the world stage at the same time.