Keywords: Peng Shui; Cai Lun papermaking; protect
Pengshui is a small county located in the southeast of Chongqing, and a village called Zhubanqiao in the deep mountain of Pengshui still retains one of the most primitive folk crafts-Cai Lun papermaking.
Because modern culture constantly impacts ancient culture, many cultural heritages are in danger of extinction, and Cai Lun papermaking in Pengshui is no exception. Therefore, we should speed up the pace of its protection and find a way to pay equal attention to protection and development on the basis of combining local national culture.
First, the historical origin of papermaking in Cai Lun
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, agriculture was developed and the national strength was strong. In the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun invented fiber paper made of plants. At first, the paper made in Cai Lun was mostly made of bark, rags, old fishing nets and hemp heads, which was both light and beautiful. 105, Cai Lun reported this great invention to the imperial court and was rewarded, and ordered the whole country to adopt [1]P430. Since then, paper has entered the social and cultural life with a new attitude, and gradually spread in China. By 3 17 AD, Si Marui, Emperor Wen of the Jin Dynasty, moved to Jinling (Nanjing), and papermaking spread from the Yellow River valley to the Yangtze River valley and Jiangnan [2]P59 1.
According to Liu Kaisheng, the paper-making inheritor of Zhubanqiao, as early as the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, his ancestor Daren Liew moved from Jiangxi to Hexi in order to take refuge. When passing through Zhubanqiao Bridge in Langxi Township, Pengshui County, he saw that this grand canyon has mountains and water, high mountains and clear forests, and bamboo forests on both sides of it are continuous, forming a bamboo sea about 10 km long, so he decided to take root. From then on, Cai Lun papermaking of Pengshui Bamboo Banqiao became an eternal topic. It has a history of 300 years.
Second, the social and cultural value of Cai Lun's papermaking.
1, keeping the production process of traditional culture.
Liu Papermaking inherited and developed the traditional papermaking technology in ancient China, passed down from generation to generation, and constantly improved, forming its own characteristics: First, it retained the traditional 72-step papermaking technology in Cai Lun. The initial papermaking process generally includes beating, seasoning, sizing preparation, slurry feeding, dehydration molding, squeezing dehydration, drying into paper, and surface treatment [3]P585. The main technological processes of the bamboo slab bridge are: taking materials (bamboo as the main material and lime as the auxiliary material), making materials (soaking and fermenting), pulping (crushing, stepping on materials and stirring to make birch leaves), forming (scooping paper, squeezing and drying, polishing and coloring), drying (uncovering the cover and airing) and packaging. Secondly, the traditional paper-making methods have been developed. Since 1970s, the original plate size has been changed from 30*50 cm to the current specifications, which has improved the economic value of products. Third, traditional culture and art have been preserved. Every year, before cutting bamboo into the factory, Cai Lun, Bodhisattva Mountain King and Bodhisattva Land should be sacrificed, and traditional festivals such as Spring Festival and Half Moon Talk should also be sacrificed with ancestors. Labor songs and folk songs produced in the process of labor are still sung today; At the same time, it also retains a variety of taboos, which increases its mystery and charm. According to Liu Kaisheng in the village, when Cai Lungang invented papermaking, the paper made was extremely uneven, the structure was not firm, it was easy to be torn, and no solution was found for a long time. One night, Guanyin Bodhisattva had a dream for Daren Liew and asked Daren Liew to add birch sap (crushed birch leaves) to the pulp to make paper shapes. This is indeed the case, so this technology has become the "patent" of Zhubanqiao people.