Ancient City Ruins Shangqiu Guide House City Wall

Guide Fucheng, located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The former site of Guide City was the site of Gaoxin tribe as early as ancient times, the capital of Shang Dynasty in Xia and Shang Dynasties, and the capital of Song Dynasty in Zhou Dynasty. In the thirty-sixth year of Qin dynasty (2 1 1), Suiyang county was established in Qin dynasty. In the first year of Song Jianyan (1 127), Zhao Gou was located here. In the fifth year of Jin Cheng 'an (1200), Jin returned to Dezhou, and in the twenty-fourth year of Ming Jiajing (1545), he was promoted to Dezhou as the government. Guide City, as an important city in history, is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, so it has a solid wall. In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1502), the old town of Dezhou collapsed and Zhengde was rebuilt for six years (15 1 1). During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1662— 1722), there were four city gates, four corner platforms and nine enemy platforms. After several major wars, floods, natural weathering and man-made destruction, the original towers, watchtowers and battlements have all collapsed. In the Republic of China, the urn outside Simen was demolished, leaving only some rammed earth in Nanweng. The ancient city of Guide House consists of three parts: the outer contour, the moat and the inner city. The outer contour is circular, leaving only some sites. The inner city is square and basically intact.

The inner circumference of the guide building is 4476 meters. The city wall is a structure of external brick and internal rammed earth, which consists of external brick wall, internal rammed earth wall and ridge blue brick. The outer brick wall is made of gray bricks, and the inside of the brick is stuck with earth walls, which are basically vertical. The internal rammed earth wall consists of rammed earth and shell. The core of rammed soil is rammed by loess, and the rammed shells are layered and extremely strong. For each rammed layer, insert a bamboo pole, which will rot and form a hole to guide the moisture in the rammed earth wall and play a protective role. The upper part of the rammed earth wall is rammed with pseudo-ginseng lime soil, which is divided into two layers with a certain inclination to facilitate drainage.

The city gate cave is brick arch-shaped, and the words "Chen Gongmen" are engraved above the north gate. The gate is 36 meters long from east to west and 20.58 meters wide from north to south. Nanquan Cave is 5.37 meters wide and 6.27 meters high. The wall is rammed with lime soil and covered with blue bricks. The outer side of the top of the city wall is bricked with cribs. The blue brick mound on the platform. The structural forms of the other three gates are basically the same as those of the North Gate, but the platform size and the coupon hole size are different. The word "Yang Gongmen" is engraved on the forehead of the south gate. "Binyang Gate" and "Gezemen" were originally engraved on the foreheads of the east and west city gates, but now they are gone. There are no brick walls, parapets and floor tiles on the east-west platform. The gatehouses at the North Gate and the South Gate were rebuilt for the present.

The wall of Guide House is one of the few well-preserved Ming Dynasty walls. It consists of inner city, outer profile, urn, moat, etc. It completely reflects the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty city wall and is a historical object to study the development of urban military architecture. The gate of the guide room has a rigorous layout and a solid structure. The mechanical properties of the double-center arch ticket of the city gate are better than that of the single-center arch ticket structure, but it increases the difficulty of masonry and splicing, which fully reflects the superb architectural level at that time and the wisdom of the working people in ancient China in building cities. The ancient city extends to both sides, with horse faces and gates built at regular intervals. The sense of rhythm and rhythm is very strong, just like a movement with both variety and main theme. The dark gray ancient city, the blue sky, the lake reflecting the surrounding scenery, the branches covered with green grass and colorful flags constitute the unique color of the ancient city, which has important scientific and artistic value.

General plan (provided by Wenxuan)

Part of the city wall (provided by Wenxuan)

Ximen Wharf (provided by Wenxuan)

City walls and moats (provided by Wenxuan)

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The main attractions of the guide's home

During Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River flooded, which led to Guide House being buried under the loess. In the 16th year of Hongzhi (A.D. 1503), Shangqiu people broke ground near the original site of Guide House to rebuild the ancient city, which lasted for eight years and was basically completed in Zheng De's reign of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 1 year), and then several times. It was not until the 19th year of Jiajing (A.D. 1540) that a new wall was built on the circumference of about 500 meters outside the wall, forming a unique pattern of the trinity of the wall, the city lake and the wall, with the shape of "copper coins outside the circle and inside". The circumference of Shangqiu ancient city wall is 3.6 kilometers, and the area of brick city is 1. 13 square kilometers. There are four gates, east, west, north and south, with 93 streets in total.

From Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, there were two university students (prime ministers), five ministers and a dozen assistant ministers, governors, officials and soldiers, and famous literati in the ancient city of Guide. "So, there are many official buildings and houses, and most of the ancient buildings are Zou gatehouse and quadrangle buildings. The original wells and toilets are plum blossom-shaped, with reasonable layout. There are two water gates on both sides of the south gate to discharge water into the moat. The broad moat rippled with blue waves and surrounded the city. The river in the south of the city is wide, more than 500 meters from north to south, east to west 1300 meters. The city dike is about 500 meters away from the city wall, with a circumference of 9 kilometers, a base width of 20 meters, a top width of 13 meters and a height of 3.3 meters. For the long-term existence of the ancient city, we have to consider the regular and irregular overflow, breach and diversion of the Yellow River (according to statistics, in the more than 3,000 years before the founding of New China, there were about 1500 times of overflow, breach and diversion in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, of which16th century was once every four or five years). In the 15th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1502), Guide City in Yuan Dynasty was submerged by the Yellow River, and the earthen besieged city was built on the original site the following year, which was completed in the 6th year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (151). The south wall is 950.6m long, the north wall is 993.4m long, the east wall is1210m long, and the west wall is 120 1 m long, with a circumference of 4,355m. It is 6 meters high, 6 meters wide at the top and 9 meters wide at the address. In the south, there is Yanggongmen, an arch coupon building with a total length of 2 1 m and a platform height of 8 meters. Chen Gongmen is in the north, Binyang is in the east and Gezemen is in the west. There is a tower on the door. Originally, there was an urn outside the four doors, and each urn had 1 revolving door, which was demolished during the Republic of China. There are nine enemy platforms around the city wall, with different shapes and sizes. The first horse face facing south of the west gate is a semi-circular building, and the rest are in the shape of horseheads protruding from the wall. Every corner of the city has a corner platform with the same shape and different sizes. There are 3600 battlements on the city wall. 3.5 meters outside the city wall is a moat, 500 meters wide and 25 meters narrow, with a water depth of 1 ~ 5 meters, which runs around the city. The earth embankment 550 meters away from the moat is 9 kilometers in circumference, 20 meters wide at the bottom, 7 meters wide at the top and 5 meters high.

1996, the wall of Guide House in Shangqiu Ancient City was announced by the State Council as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Shangqiu Railway Hub is located in the Huanghuai Plain at the junction of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in the east of Henan Province. The intersection of Longhai Railway and Beijing-Kowloon Railway. It is radial with Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Fuyang, Beijing, Jinan and other surrounding hubs, with Shangqiu in the middle. The Zhengzhou-Xuzhou Passenger Dedicated Line under construction and the planned "East China Second Passage" Shanghang (Shangqiu-Fuyang-Hefei-Wuhu-Hangzhou) Passenger Dedicated Line have been incorporated into the long-term planning of the national railway network, running through the eastern, central and western parts of Shangqiu. The railway distance between Shangqiu Station and the surrounding central cities is: 203km from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province, and Kaifeng 140km. Located at the east 146 km of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. It is located 95.9 kilometers north of Heze City, Shandong Province. It is located at 174 km south of Fuyang City, Anhui Province.