People will not believe it if it is forbidden. Is to set up a tree at the south gate of the country to raise ten gold for those who can move to the north gate. People blame it and dare not migrate.
He replied, "Fifty gold for those who can move!" There is a person who moves to it and needs to pay 50 gold, making it clear that he will not cheat. Order of death
-Excerpt from the translation of Historical Records Volume 68 Biography of Shang Jun Xiao Gong appointed Wei Yang, hoping to implement the policy of reforming and strengthening the country, lest the world criticize him. The law has been completed, but it has not been published. (Shang Yang) I was afraid that the people wouldn't trust me, so I set up a 30-foot-long wooden pole at the south gate of Guodu Market, and offered ten gold to anyone who could move to the north gate.
People were surprised at this, and no one dared to touch the wooden pole. Then he announced the order: "Whoever can move there will be given 50 ounces of gold."
A man moved a wooden pole to the north gate and immediately gave him fifty gold coins to show that there was no fraud. Finally, the law was promulgated.
2. Seek the translation of the book of Shang Jun (in China) 1. Agriculture, commerce and officials are official officials of the country.
Three officials give birth to lice, and six officials give birth to lice: age, diet, beauty, kindness, ambition and behavior. All six are concise and must be deleted. There are three people in the garden of three officials and one in the garden of six officials.
Those who go to the law by law are strong; If you make laws with laws, cut them off. You go to the court, you decide.
Governing a big country, small; It is great to govern a small country. A powerful, heavy cut; Weak, heavy strong.
The husband attacked the weak and died; Attack the strong with the weak, Wang. If the country is strong and does not fight, the poison will be lost internally, and the music will be cut; When the country went to war, the poison was lost to the enemy. No official is strong.
If you work hard, you will be strong, and if you break it, you will be broken. Less agriculture and more business, poor nobles, poor business, poor agriculture and poor officials must be cut.
Farmers, businessmen and officials are people who have fixed jobs in rural areas. These three kinds of people produce six kinds of lice; The first is "old" lice; The second is to "eat" lice; The third is "beauty" lice ③; The fourth is "good" lice ④; The fifth is "wisdom" lice (5); The sixth is the "line" louse ⑥.
These six kinds of lice have roots, and the country will cut them. The roots of agriculture, commerce and politics lie in three kinds of people, and the roots of six kinds of lice lie in one person.
A country is strong if it can govern the country according to law. Governing the country by decree, the country will be cut.
If you have been an official for a long time and he can manage political affairs well, you will promote him. With the expansion of rule, the territory will shrink.
As the scope of governance shrinks, the territory will expand. If the people are strong, the country will cut and cut.
You make the people tremble with fear, and the country will be strong. If you attack the powerful people with policies that make them strong, you will perish. Wang Ye can be achieved by attacking powerful people by adopting policies that weaken them.
When the country is strong, if there is no war, the country will be instilled with poison and produce ritual lice. In this way, if the country is weak, it will fight, and the poison will be lost abroad. The country will be strong without the lice of rites and music. Only by appointing people who have contributed can the country be strong.
When lice damage occurs, the state will prune it. There are few farmers and many businessmen, so the nobles are poor, the businessmen are poor and the farmers are poor. If all three kinds of people are poor, the country will be cut.
Note old lice: refers to the laziness of farmers, which leads to poor harvest in their later years. Eating lice: refers to farmers who don't work and eat whole grains for nothing.
Beauty louse: refers to a businessman who sells gorgeous things. Refers to the idea of corruption and bribery of officials.
Tick: refers to the behavior of officials taking bribes and bending the law. 2. The husband punishes evil and promotes good; And reward it, so help the class.
Humiliate those who work hard, the people are evil; Those who show honor and enjoy themselves do what the people do. Therefore, its national punishment is not abhorrent, and it is also a sign of national subjugation that Jue Lu does not serve.
If the punishment is repeated and the villain commits adultery without being punished, the people will be lucky. If you are lucky enough to work for the people and have different doors of glory, then a gentleman will become famous.
The villain does not avoid its prohibition, so the punishment is annoying; If a gentleman does not order, he will be fined. Punishment annoys punishment practitioners, and the country is treacherous; If there are many traitors in the country, the rich can't keep their money, the poor can't do business, the land is barren and the country is poor.
Poverty is born on the axis, and poverty is rewarded. Therefore, the rule of saints is also that criminals have no national position and murderers have no official position.
If a criminal is included in the list, a gentleman will take his place; If you kill someone and eat meat, then the villain will benefit. A gentleman in his place is ashamed of his merits; When villains pursue their own interests, they will reduce rape.
So the punishment is slaughtered, so the rape is stopped; And the official title, so advise work also. Nowadays, it is also a curse for the country to honor and shame the people, and to punish and use folk music.
Therefore, the exercise of power by gentlemen is based on the principle of legislation, and the establishment of dignitaries is called it, which means up and down. Equal from top to bottom, I will devote myself to it, and the Lord will specialize in it.
Punishment is a tool to prohibit evil deeds. Reward is a tool to assist punishment.
Shame, insult, fatigue and pain are all objects that people hate. Dignitary, glory, ease and happiness are the objects people pursue.
If the punishment of the country is not abominable, the rank and salary are not worth pursuing, which is a sign of national subjugation. If the person who should be punished hides the net, then the people will wander around in a roundabout way, not being punished, but pursuing self-interest with luck for the monarch.
If dignitaries and glory are not a source, then officials will pursue power and steal fame. People are not afraid of breaking the law, and punishment will be frequent; If officials don't enforce laws and regulations, the punishment will be chaotic.
Frequent and disorderly punishment will increase the number of traitors in the country. In this way, the rich can't keep property, the poor can't work, the land will be abandoned and the country will be poor.
When the land is abandoned, people will cheat When the country is poor, the monarch will be rewarded for lack of property.
Therefore, saints govern the country, and those who have been punished have no position in society, and those who have committed crimes have no official positions in the court. If the punished people still have status, officials will look down on their status.
If people who commit crimes still eat meat in brocade, the people will covet too many interests. When an official looks down on his position, he will be ashamed of his meritorious service.
People who are greedy for huge profits will brag about their cunning. At first, punishment was a tool to prohibit people from committing rape.
Guanjue is a tool to encourage people to make meritorious deeds. Now that the state has established official titles, people think it is shameful; Penalty, people want coke.
This is that there are mistakes in laws and methods. Therefore, the monarch must master power, unify policies and formulate methods.
The appointment of officials and knighthood should be equally important. When appointing ministers, you should reward them according to their merits.
In this way, the scales for measuring superiors and subordinates will be flat. If the balance between the superior and the subordinate is balanced, the subjects can exhaust their strength and the monarch can master his great power.
3. Governing the country with more punishments and less rewards, and chaotic countries with more rewards and less punishments. Therefore, the king sentenced nine to one, and the country rewarded nine and punished one.
If the husband is thick, the punishment will be heavy; The size is good, so how much is the reward? These two are commonly used internationally.
If the punishment is added at the end of the crime, rape will not go, and if it is rewarded by the people, it will be more than enough. Punishment can't be raped, and the rewards can't be stopped.
Therefore, the king's punishment is used to communicate, and great evils are not born; If you reward a traitor, you will be fine. Governing the people can prevent great evils from happening, and govern the country through detailed rules and strengthen the country.
One country does it and dominates the territory; When the two countries do it, the soldiers sleep less; The world will do this and morality will be restored. In this way, I use effective punishment against morality, while justice is combined with violence.
(Shang Jun Shu Kai Sai) In a politically civilized country, there are more punishments and less rewards. In a country with political chaos, there are many rewards and few punishments.
Therefore, a country that makes Wang Ye successful will be punished by nine points and rewarded by one point. The weakened country is rewarded with nine points and punished with one point.
People's sins are thick and thin, so the court.
3. Seeking Classical Chinese Translation of Biography of Shang Jun Shortly after Xiao Gong appointed Wei Yang, he planned to change his statutes for fear that everyone would talk about himself.
Wei Yang said: "If you hesitate to act, you will not get ahead. If you hesitate to do something, you will not succeed. Moreover, the behavior beyond ordinary people is often criticized by the secular; People who have their own opinions will be laughed at by ordinary people.
Stupid people don't understand what will happen after doing it, but smart people can foresee what will happen in advance. You can share the joy of success with the people instead of planning the creation of new things with them.
Those who explore the highest morality do not blend with the secular, and those who achieve great things do not collude with ordinary people. Therefore, as long as saints can make the country strong, they don't have to follow the old methods; As long as it benefits the people, there is no need to follow the old etiquette system. "
Xiao Gong said, "Good point." Gan Long said, "That's not true.
Sages educate people without changing folk customs, and wise men govern the country without changing the law. According to folk teaching, it can be successful without blowing off dust; Governing the country according to law, officials are used to it, and people's hearts are stable. "
Wei Yang said, "What Gan Long said is a secular statement. Most people are content with old customs, while scholars stick to what they see in books.
These two kinds of people can abide by the law, but they can't talk about extra-legal reform. Three generations of etiquette are different and can unify the whole country, and five "legal systems are different and can dominate each other."
Smart people make statutes, and stupid people are limited by statutes; Virtuous people change the etiquette system, and ordinary people are bound by it. Du Zhi said: "Without a hundredfold interest, it is impossible to change the law; Without ten times the effect, it is impossible to replace the old one.
There is nothing wrong with imitating the law, and there is no deviation in following the old ceremony. Wei Yang said: "There is no fixed way to govern the country. If it is beneficial to the country, it will not imitate the old law.
Therefore, Tang Wu can rule the world without the old statutes, and Xia Yin will perish without the old etiquette. Those who oppose the old law cannot be criticized, and those who follow the old etiquette are not worthy of praise. "
Xiao Gong said, "Good point." So Wei Yang was appointed as Chang and finally ordered to change the law.
Command 10 families to form a group and 5 families to form a group, and supervise and report to each other. If one family breaks the law, ten families will be punished together. Those who do not report evil will be beheaded, those who report evil will be rewarded with those who behead the enemy, and those who hide evil will be punished with those who surrender the enemy.
If more than two able-bodied men in a family don't live together, the tax will double. Those who have military merit will be rewarded for promotion according to the standard; Those who fight for private affairs shall be given different punishments according to the seriousness of the circumstances.
Committed to agricultural production, so that grain harvesting and cloth production can be exempted from their own labor or taxes. Those who are poor because of industry and commerce and laziness confiscate all their wives as official slaves.
People who do not perform military service in the royal family cannot be included in the family register. Clarify the level of ranks and occupy land and real estate according to different ranks. The clothing of domestic servants and handmaiden depends on the grade of each grade.
Those who have made military achievements can't show their glory even if they have money. After the new law is ready, it has not been announced yet. I'm afraid the people won't believe it. Just behind the capital, a 30-foot-long wood was erected at the south gate of the market, and anyone who could move the wood to the north gate was offered 12 ounces of gold.
People think it's strange, and no one dares to move. It was also announced that "the person who can move the wood to the north gate will be rewarded with 50 gold."
A man moved it away and gave him fifty gold coins, indicating that he would never cheat. The new law was promulgated later.
The new law has been implemented among the people for a whole year, and thousands of people in the state of Qin went to the capital to say that the new law was inconvenient. Just then, the prince broke the new law.
Wei Yang said: "The new law cannot be implemented smoothly because the upper class has violated it." According to the new law, the prince will be punished
The prince is the heir of the monarch, so he can't be punished, so he punished the teacher Gongzi Qian who supervised his behavior and the teacher Gongsun Jia who taught him knowledge with ink punishment. The next day, all the people in the state of Qin obeyed the new law.
Ten years after the implementation of the new law, the people of Qin are very happy. There are no people picking up things lost by others on the road, and there are no thieves in the mountains. Every family is rich and well-fed. The people are brave enough to fight for the country, not for personal gain, and the social order in villages and towns is stable.
At first, Qin people said that the new law was inconvenient, and later they said that it was convenient. Wei Yang said, "These are people who disturb education" and moved them all to the frontier. No one dared to mention the new law after that.
[Original and Annotations] [Original] Xiao Gong Wei Yang (1) wants to reform, and he is afraid that the world will talk about himself. Wei Yang said, "Doubt is nameless, but doubt is useless.
And the husband has a master walker, not on earth (3); Those who are worried about their own knowledge must see that they are proud of the people. Fools are darker than success, and those who know are not cute.
People can't start with worry, but they can succeed from happiness. On the most virtuous people are not vulgar, and those who achieve great things are not different from the public.
It is illegal to be a saint to strengthen the country. Can benefit the people, not follow its rituals. "Xiao Gong said," good. "
Gan Long said, "Otherwise. It is not easy for saints to teach the people, and those who know it will rule without changing the law.
Teaching for the people, getting something for nothing; The rule of law exists, and the government learns and the people are safe. "Wei Yang said," what the dragon said is also secular.
Ordinary people are content with old customs, while scholars are addicted to hearing and hearing. In this way, it is possible to abide by the law as well as the law.
Different courtesy is king in three generations? , five "different methods and bully? . Wise men practice, fools control (13); Sages pay more attention, while unscrupulous people are detained (14). "
Du Zhi said: "The law remains unchanged; Thank you, thank you (15). There is nothing wrong with the ancient law, and there is no evil in the ceremony. "
Wei Yang said, "If we don't rule the world together, the country will be lawless. Therefore, Tang Wu did not follow the ancient times and became king, and Yan Xia did not die easily.
It is necessary to resist the ancients, but it is not enough to follow the rites (16). "Xiao Gong said," good. "
Take Wei Yang as the first, and make political reform. [Note] ① Wei Yang: Shang Yang is a patriotic person, so he is called it.
The next sentence "fear of discussing oneself in the world" means that filial piety wants to change from Shang Yang's words, but he is afraid of discussing himself in the world, not Shang Yang's "fear of discussing oneself in the world". 2 doubt: indecision.
The above two sentences mean that people who are beyond ordinary people should be criticized by the secular. ④ Oh: Pass the word "Gou".
The books laughed at were either "ao" or "ao".
"Ao" means "Ao". "slander", slander
⑤ Darkness: I don't know, I don't understand. 6 knowledge: pass "wisdom".
Not exposed or perceived. ⑦ Consideration: Plan and establish in advance.
8 method: imitation. So: refers to the law.
Pet-name ruby Yi Min: Change folk customs. Attending fate: follow, follow.
? Wang: To be king.
This should be what Liu Bei said to Adou before he died.
"I had diarrhea from the beginning (my illness was just diarrhea),
Later, he turned to miscellaneous diseases (and later contracted other diseases).
Almost helpless (finally knowing that I am useless).
People don't die at fifty (people, as long as they reach fifty, are not dead even if they die).
I'm in my sixties,
What do you hate (what is the hardest thing),
No more self-harm (I'm not sorry for myself),
But I miss your brother (I just miss you two brothers).
The gunman has arrived. Who is this shooter?
It is said that the Prime Minister lamented your wisdom (once told me that he admired your wisdom and generosity).
Great practice (say that you are generous and study hard),
Expect too much (do better than I expected),
If it is (if it is),
What am I worried about (what else need to worry about)!
Encourage, encourage (remember, don't forget)!
Do not do it because the evil is small (do not do it because the evil is not big).
Don't stop doing good because you are small (and don't stop doing good because you are too small).
Only virtue and virtue can serve people.
Your father's virtue is poor, don't be ineffective (your father-my virtue is not very good, don't imitate me).
You can read Hanshu and Book of Rites (you can usually study Hanshu and Book of Rites).
Reading the books of the philosopher Tamia Liu and the monk army in his spare time is beneficial to people's minds. When I have time, a hundred schools of thought contend, and books on the art of war and law can be read carefully. These books are beneficial to people's thinking and knowledge.
It's said that the Prime Minister has finished writing Shen, Han, Guan Zi and Liu Tao, but it hasn't arrived yet (I heard that the Prime Minister is translating Shen, Han Feizi, Guan Zi and Liu Tao for you, and it has been revised again, but the book hasn't arrived yet).
You can ask Wenda more when you die (if you learn well, even if the world changes and the country is gone, you can do something important on your own).
5. Translate several ancient prose 1. The Reforms of Shang Yang
Gong Sunyang said: "I heard that' if you hesitate to act, you can't do it well; Indecision is impossible to succeed. "Now that you have decided to reform, don't worry about the world's comments. Moreover, actors who are above the world are bound to be condemned by the world; Independent opinions will inevitably be rejected by the people. There is a saying: stupid people are satisfied with what has been done, and smart people have predicted it before it happened. People can't think about how to start things with them, but they can share the happiness of success with them. " Guo Yan wrote in French: "The person with the highest virtue is not consistent with the world; People who have made great achievements do not discuss with others. " The law is used to take care of the people, and etiquette is used to facilitate things. Therefore, saints can make the country strong, instead of imitating the past, as long as it is beneficial to the people and does not follow the previous etiquette. "
Xiao Gongdao: "Good".
2. Khufu rides and shoots
Gongzi Cheng kowtowed respectfully and said, "I've heard for a long time that the Central Plains is a place where sages are taught, where they salute for fun, where they are admired by distant countries, and where ethnic minorities in the frontier study. Now the king of Zhao has abandoned these traditional customs, but followed Khufu, which is against people's hearts. I hope you will consider this matter carefully. " The messenger went back and reported what the prince of Zhao had said.
The Prince of Zhao personally visited Cheng Chu, the son of Zhao, and said, "China has Qi and Zhongshan countries in the east, Yan and Donghu countries in the north and Loufan countries in the west, bordering on Qin and South Korea. How to guard without cavalry? Although Sun Yat-sen is a small country, relying on the strength of the State of Qi, he has repeatedly occupied Zhao, captured Zhao people and diverted water to encircle the land. Without land to protect it, it will be almost impossible to keep it. Your late master was ashamed of it! So I changed my clothes to prevent accidents and reported to Zhongshan, but you didn't want to change your clothes and forget your shame, uncle. This is not what I expected. " Gong Zicheng was persuaded by Zhao Yong.
Step 3 Answer Sima's suggestion
People are used to muddling along, not for a day or two. Most officials, big or small, regard it as the best policy not to care about state affairs, follow the crowd and please everyone. The emperor wants to change this situation, and I don't estimate the number of political opponents, and I want to help the emperor beat them, so how can they not be aggressive? When Pan Geng moved to the capital, people hated it, not just officials in the imperial court. Pan Geng didn't change his plan because of people's antipathy. I don't see any regret in acting after reasonable consideration. If you blame me for my long reign and I can't help the emperor to do many things that make the people happy, then I admit my sin; If I shouldn't do anything now, but stick to the rules, it's not what I dare to learn.
Finally finished, tired.
6. Classical Chinese Dong reads answer notes and translation reference: Dong wishes more. Those who had directors in the Qi Dynasty still wanted more and more money. 2. His disciples invited him. 3. disagree. Said, "I'll try to seal it up. 4. "His disciples left angrily. Note 1 selected from Shang Jun Book? Recruit people. ② Gold: refers to brass. Twenty-two taels (one tael) were used as gold in Qin Dynasty, and one catty was used as gold in Han Dynasty. (3) read He, Zhou, Zhou Ji, and seek liberation. 4 seek the title. At that time, money could buy official titles. There was a man named Guo Chang in the State of Qi. He had many wishes. He dreams of acquiring all kinds of wealth. His disciples were very angry and didn't want to help him any more, so they defected to Song State.
7. What is Shang Jun's book? The Book of Shang Jun, also known as Shang Jun and Shang Zi, is a compilation of materials recording Shang Yang's remarks and thoughts.
Shang Yang, also known as Wei Yang, was a patriot in the Warring States Period. Shang Yang, whose real name is Gongsun and whose real name is Yang, was named Shang Yang because he was sealed in Shang (now southeast of Shang County, Shaanxi Province).
He was a famous politician, thinker and legalist representative in the Warring States period. His famous political activity is "Shang Yang's political reform".
This book consists of 24 volumes, the main content of which is to expound Shang Yang's political philosophy. Guided by the viewpoint of historical development and change, the book advocates Shang Yang's ideas of "abandoning ore fields to build buildings", developing agricultural textiles, rewarding meritorious military service, and clarifying laws and regulations, and discusses the origin and function of law.
In addition, the book also recorded some historical facts about Shang Yang's political reform, so it became the main material for later generations to study Shang Yang's thought. Shang Jun Shu explains the historical view of historical phenomena with simple dialectics, which has a far-reaching influence on progressive thinkers such as Xunzi and Han Fei.
8. Translation of the Classical Chinese "The Will of the First Ruler and the Last Ruler" I was sick at first, but my ears were loose. Later, I switched to other diseases, which almost made me self-defeating.
I started with dysentery, but after forwarding (complicating) other diseases, I'm afraid I won't get well.
People die before they are 50 years old, and there are more than 60 years left. Why do they hate and stop hurting themselves? But they will think of your brother.
Death at 50 is not called premature death. I am over 60 years old. Why am I sorry? I am no longer sad for myself, but I feel uneasy for your brothers (Liu Chan and Liu Yong, the king of Lu).
I shot you, saying that the Prime Minister lamented your wisdom, greatly increased his self-cultivation, and was too eager to judge. Why should I be worried?
Archers (archers) arrived and said that the Prime Minister appreciated your wisdom and generosity, which greatly enhanced your growth and exceeded our expectations. If this is really possible, I have nothing to worry about!
Encourage it, encourage it! Don't do it with little evil, and don't do it with little good.
Encourage! Encourage! Don't do bad things because of small things, and don't stop doing good things because of small things.
Only virtue and virtue can serve others. Your father's virtue is thin, don't let it work.
Only wisdom and virtue can convince others. Your father and I are both superficial. Don't imitate me.
Reading Han Shu's Book of Rites, observing philosophers and reading Tamia Liu's books are beneficial to people's minds.
You can read Hanshu and the Book of Rites, and read the theories of pre-Qin philosophers, Tamia Liu and the monk army in your spare time. These books are beneficial to people's thoughts and talents.
I heard that the Prime Minister finished writing Shen, Han, Guan Zi and Liu Tao, but he didn't send them, so he died. You can ask Wen Da more.
It is said that the copies of Shen, Han (Fei Zi), Guan Zi and Liu Tao copied by the Prime Minister (let others) were all copied together, but they were not sent to you and lost on the way. You can find them in other ways.
The last sentence can also be translated in this way. Although it is not as accurate as the last sentence, I think it conforms to the spirit of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang and is for reference only:
It is said that the translation of Shen, Han (concubine), Guan Zi and Tamia Liu by the Prime Minister has been completed, but the book hasn't arrived yet.
If you learn well, even if the world changes and the country is gone, you can still do something big on your own (just like Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang himself)
All the above are from the internet, I'm just sorting it out.