I think it's Lao Yuan. Yuan Chonghuan's main battles are Ningyuan victory and Ningjin victory. Tomorrow, in the first month of the sixth year of the late Jin Dynasty (the eleventh year of the late Jin Dynasty 1626), Ningyuan (now Xingcheng, Liaoning Province) will defend the cities attacked by the Jin Army after the military and civilians defeated the Jin Army. History calls Ningyuan a great victory. In the spring of the first year of the Apocalypse, Nurhachi led the Jin Army to capture Shenyang and Liaoyang. In two years, more than 40 castles such as Keguangning (now Beizhen, Liaoning) and Yizhou (now Yixian, Liaoning) were built in an attempt to seize western Liaoning and Shanhaiguan. In the face of the fierce offensive of the late Jin dynasty, the Ming court was at a loss. During the Jin Dynasty, the king of Liaodong advocated guarding Shanhaiguan to defend the capital (now Beijing). However, Yuan Chonghuan, a former soldier in Ning, believes that if you keep the customs, you must keep the customs; If you don't go through the customs, you will keep Ningyuan. His idea was supported by Sun Chengzong, a senior minister of the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty who visited Shanhaiguan. Soon, the Ming court appointed Sun Chengzong to replace Wang Zaijin. In September of three years, Sun Chengzong ordered Yuan Chonghuan and deputy company commander Man Gui to lead the troops in Ningyuan. Yuan Chonghuan vigorously built the city, making Ningyuan a military center outside the customs. In the summer of five years, Sun Chengzong adopted Yuan Chonghuan's suggestion, sent troops to defend Jinzhou, Youtun and Daling River Fort, and repaired the city wall, which made Ningyuan have a barrier. 10, Sun Chengzong was replaced by the leader of the Yen Sect in the Ming Dynasty. Gaudi was timid and incompetent, and thought it necessary to keep the pass. He ordered the defenders of the cities outside the customs to dismantle their defense facilities and retreat into the customs. Yuan Chonghuan declared his interest, stuck to it, and vowed to share life and death with Ningyuan. Nurhachi took advantage of the opportunity of the Ming army to change coaches and hastily withdraw troops. At the beginning of the first month of six years, he led an army of about 60 thousand and crossed the Liaohe River to Ningyuan. Yuan Chonghuan decided to adopt the strategy of clearing the field, and organized the military and civilians to jointly defend the city. He wrote a book in front of the soldiers, indicating his determination to defend the city, and sent general Man Gui, lieutenant Zuo Fu and Zhu Mei, and general Zu Dashou to guard the city gate respectively. West artillery 1 1 was deployed in the city, and it was searched carefully in the city. At the same time, the surrounding areas were informed that all soldiers who escaped from Ningyuan would be beheaded immediately, which quickly stabilized the morale of the military and civilians. 23, 8 jin j surrounded NingYuan, surrender was rejected. The next day, after the 8 Jin Army attacked the city, Ningyuan soldiers and civilians relied on the fortified city and fought bloody battles. Yuan Chonghuan was seriously injured, but he still insisted on commanding the battle and fired the western artillery, which caused great harm to the late Jin army. Later, the Jin army used shields and scooters to dig the city wall, which was burned by the soldiers and civilians guarding the city. In Ningyuan, at the critical moment, Gao Di and Yang Qi, the general company commander of Liaodong, are fighting for entry. On the 25th, the latter Jin Army continued to attack the city and was bravely resisted by the soldiers and civilians guarding the city. The Eight Banners, who are good at riding and shooting, were forced to retreat in front of the deep ditch and high base and under fire. Nurhachi lost the battle, suffered from depression and gangrene, and died on August 1 1. In this campaign, the Ming army annihilated10.7 million Jin army, thwarted Nurhachi's attempt to seize western Liaoning and Shanhaiguan, and was a major victory in the Ming Dynasty against the late Jin Dynasty. During this period, Huang Taiji attacked North Korea. After several victories, North Korea surrendered and concluded a peace treaty that was very beneficial to the Qing Dynasty. Every year, he received food, money and materials from North Korea. Huang Taiji initially put forward three conditions: cutting land, capturing Mao alive, and sending 10,000 troops to help China. It is impossible for North Korea to accept these three conditions, but to meet the requirements of the Manchu Dynasty economically. At the same time, in the Ming and Qing wars, North Korea changed to neutrality, so that the Qing Dynasty had no worries. When Huang Taiji fought against North Korea, Yuan Chonghuan stepped up the construction of fortifications in Jinzhou, Center Left and Daling River, sent navy to support Mao of Pidao, and sent nine generals, including Zhu Mei, to invade Sanchahe to contain the Qing army and unite with North Korea. However, North Korea soon signed an alliance with the Qing Dynasty at the gate, and Zhao Lvjiao and others led the troops back without contacting the Qing army. Huang Taiji failed to reach a peace agreement with the Ming Dynasty, but he saw that Yuan Chonghuan was very active in building castles. The longer we wait, the more difficult it will be to attack in the future, so he decided to "make peace with war" and attack Ningyuan. In May of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Huang Taiji personally led two yellow flags and two white flags to attack the castle in western Liaoning, captured two fortresses, Daling River and Xiaoling River, and then attacked Jinzhou, a fortress outside Ningyuan. On May 1 1, Huang Taiji led an army to attack Jinzhou and surrounded it. At this time, Zhao Lvjiao was guarding Jinzhou. He and the eunuch of the prison guard the city and sent someone to make peace with Huang taiji. This is naturally a plan waiting for reinforcements. Huang taiji misses, and the more urgent the siege is. Yuan Chonghuan sent Zu Dashou and You Shilu with 4,000 chosen men to outflank the Qing army, and sent a navy to attack the East Road, with a diversion. It is hot at this time, and there is no ice on the sea, which the navy needs. Zhao Lvjiao is from Shaanxi, and this person's character is very low. When Nurhachi attacked Liaoyang, Zhao Lvjiao was Zhong Jun (chief of staff) of Yuan Yingtai. Yuan Yingtai was a civilian who didn't understand military affairs, but Zhao Lvjiao didn't do his duty as chief of staff, and the campaign was in a mess. The Qing army attacked Liaoyang, Yuan Yingtai was martyred, but Zhao Lvjiao sneaked away and was beheaded by the law. I don't know how to survive, so I must have bribed Shangguan. Later, Wang Huazhen suffered a crushing defeat, and all the cities outside the customs became uninhabited. Zhao Lvjiao applied to redeem oneself by good service, and led the servant to pick up the former Tunwei. But when I arrived, I found that I had been occupied by Mongols, so I didn't dare to enter again. Nurhachi attacked Ningyuan, and Zhao Lvjiao was in the front. The distance was close, so he didn't save himself. Later, Ningyuan won a big victory, but it was necessary to divide the work, which caused a big storm. When he clashed with the Manchu, Yuan Chonghuan was quite supportive of him. Zhao Lvjiao thanked him for his kindness, and Yuan Chonghuan always encouraged him with loyalty. By the time of the Jinzhou War, he suddenly seemed to be a different person. He fought bravely with Zuo Fu, the forward company commander, Zhu Mei, the deputy company commander and other soldiers, and died. He won three battles with the elite soldiers of Huang Taiji's subordinates, and won 25 of the three wars. During the four or twenty-four days from May1/KLOC-0 to June 4, there was no war, and the situation was as tragic as Ningyuan War. On the fourth day of June, Huang Taiji sent more troops and stormed. Western cannons, cannons, incendiary bombs and arrows were placed in Jinzhou city, and the Qing soldiers were seriously injured. When the attack arrived at dawn, Huang Taiji saw that he couldn't support it any longer, so he had to retreat and camp by the Xiaoling River, waiting for the various military forces to concentrate on reorganization. Zhao Lvjiao changed from cowardice to bravery, and fled after seeing the enemy defend the city. On the 24th, he turned from retreat to fierce fighting. Later, he was killed in a bloody battle in the battle to protect Beijing, and finally became the two great generals at that time, just like Man Gui. This major change of his is a very outstanding proof of Yuan Chonghuan's leadership. Huang taiji packed his troops and turned to Ningyuan. The last time the Qing army was defeated in Ningyuan, the soldiers were afraid of Yuan Chonghuan. When Daishan saw that the city was well prepared, he stopped fighting. Huang taiji said to the generals, "I can't attack Ningyuan first, but I can't attack Jinzhou this time." If I can't attack Ningyuan again, I will be ruined. " So he ordered a general attack, defeated the Ming cavalry at the city gate and thinned the city wall. Compared with Ningyuan World War I, Yuan Chonghuan's fighting capacity has been enhanced, and he dares to fight outside the city. Last time I let the Qing army retreat, I sent 50 death squads to pick up arrows at the city gate, which shows that I dare not open the city gate. Man Gui led the Ming army to deploy in the south of the city, and fired at the hem of the city wall. Huang taiji pretended to be defeated, wanted to lead the Ming army to attack, and then ambushed. However, the Ming army did not fall for it, nor did it pursue it. Huang taiji then returned to the army to fight again. Yuan Chonghuan kissed ChengTou cried. Manchu fought outside the city. Zu Dashou and You Shilu attacked the rear road of the Qing army. Both sides suffered heavy casualties, and Mangui was shot several times. The Ming army finally defeated the Qing army on the battlefield, so it retreated into the city to take refuge. The war was fierce, and the moat was filled with the bodies of soldiers from both sides. The defenders also bombarded with Portuguese guns, smashed a large camp of the Qing army and the Bailong Banner of Huang Taiji, killing many Qing soldiers. According to the report of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji's eldest son summoned Baylor and male prostitute, who were shot in the chest, and his other son Gou Baylor was shot by the Ming army in the battle. There were four people in Gushan (7,500 people) and more than 30 people in Lu Niu (300 people). This report is exaggerated. In fact, none of Huang Taiji's sons were killed in this battle. However, the records of the Qing side also said that Gil Harlan Baylor, Sahalian Baylor, General Wakda and Agger were all injured. Seeing the heavy losses of the troops, Huang Taiji had to retreat and attack the south of Jinzhou again, but he could not pull it out. There were many casualties, and the generals Jue Duobai Mountain and Bashi were killed. In July, the Qing army was defeated and returned to Shenyang. This battle was called "Ningjin Victory" in the Ming Dynasty, and it was the second bloody victory of the Ming army against the Qing army. Yuan Chonghuan claimed in his paper that the most important contribution was Mangui (1). He and Man Gui have always had conflicts of opinion, but in the memorial, he argued that Ning Yuan's victory was mostly due to Man Gui's contribution, which showed that he was aboveboard and selfless. Ningyuan's first victory was in the first month of the sixth year of the Apocalypse, and Ningjin's second victory was in May of the seventh year, one year and four months apart. In this short 16 months, Yuan Chonghuan strengthened the fighting capacity of the Ming army, robbed the fortifications of Jinzhou, and stuck to the rear road of the Qing army, which made Huang Taiji have trouble back at home and dared not attack Ningyuan for a long time. At the same time, the Qing army attacked Jinzhou first and then Ningyuan, and the momentum has been frustrated. It can be seen that Yuan Chonghuan has made great achievements in this 16 month preparation. If there were more peacetime, the situation would certainly improve. One of the main military factors leading to the great victory in this campaign was the red cannon in Portugal. Catholic missionaries who had expelled the Portuguese in the Ming Dynasty. Missionaries Bohr and Mikel saw the opportunity of making war in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and mobilized the Portuguese in Macao to provide military expenses and gunners for the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty recalled the expelled priests. The secret missionary work was made public, and a large number of Portuguese priests and gunmen entered China. Later, China made his own gun under the guidance of foreign priests and technicians. Casting guns is also called "General Anguo, the whole army fought against Liao," and sent an official sacrifice gun to invite the general to break the enemy. It was not until several years later that the Jin people began to cast cannons with the help of the surrendered Ming people.