1. The earliest coin in China.
In primitive society, our ancestors first used barter as a means of commodity exchange. However, with the continuous development of productive forces, there are more and more surplus goods and more types of goods exchanged, which makes it inconvenient to exchange them in kind. After that, we need to use some natural objects as a means of exchanging goods. Because shellfish itself has a natural unit, and it is light, strong and easy to carry, and at the same time, in primitive society, our ancestors regarded shellfish as an ornament and were familiar with it, so it is the most convenient and appropriate way to exchange things with shellfish. Therefore, it can be said that shellfish is the earliest currency in China. At first, natural shellfish were used, and then artificial bone shellfish, stone shellfish, pottery shellfish and copper shellfish were produced.
2. The earliest gold coins in China
China used gold in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but at first it was only used as an ornament or as a reward or gift. In China, the gold version of Chu in the Warring States period should be the earliest currency as gold. This kind of gold plate is shaped like pieces of dried bean curd, and there are many marks on it, including five or six kinds of "Cheng Wei", "Chen Cheng" and "Cheng Wei", which are temporarily cut when used. Because the imprint on the gold plate is mostly "Yingcheng", it is called "Yingcheng Gold Plate" or "Yingcheng Golden Cake". These marks are like seals, which were later called "seal gold".
3. The earliest silver coins in China
1In the autumn of 974, farmers in Gucheng Village, Fugou County, Henan Province found a three-legged bronze tripod with a cover, which contained 18 silver coins and weighed 3072.9 grams. The silver domes are all shovel-shaped. The hole of the handle on the shovel is cylindrical, except for one that is unprecedented, the others are solid hearts. According to the size of the cloth, it can be divided into three types: long, medium and short, of which the largest one is 15.7 cm long, 5.8 cm wide and weighs188.1g; The smallest is 8.4cm long, 5.8cm wide and weighs 134g. The third issue of China Coin (1983) is introduced. According to the characteristics of modeling and production, these silver cloth coins belong to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period and are the earliest silver coins discovered for the first time in China. The author thinks that it should belong to coins specially used for gift or deposit, not currency in circulation.
4. The earliest unified currency in China.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the political situation of numerous governors, the economic development in various places was unbalanced, resulting in various distinctive currency forms and different types of currency circulation fields. Basically, there are four different currency systems, namely, North Currency System, Distribution Currency System, DaoCurrency System and Postal Money System.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he abolished knives, cloth, shells and money, reformed China's monetary system, and issued decrees for this purpose. "Qin law is the same as the world law, and Qin currency is the same as the world currency." It is stipulated that gold is the upper currency and half a penny is the lower currency. Gold is used for large payments or rewards, while half a penny is the daily currency. Qin Banliang, the earliest unified currency in China, is "as good as Zhou Qian and as good as its prose".
5. The earliest gold square hole round money in China.
1in August, 980, a five-baht gold coin was unearthed under the north tableland in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. Its shape is the same as that of the common five-baht copper coins in the Western Han Dynasty. It has a round square hole, and both sides of the money have outlines, with a diameter of 2.55 cm. The front is tied horizontally, and the gold coin weighs 9 grams. After testing, the purity of gold is 95%. According to experts' appraisal, this five-baht gold coin of the Western Han Dynasty was cast between the fifth year of Emperor Wu's accession to the throne and the fourth year of Emperor Xuandi. It has a history of more than 2,000 years, and is the earliest gold square hole round coin seen in China.
6. The earliest silver square round coin in China.
1955, two pieces of five baht of silver were unearthed from the tomb of the Six Dynasties at No.5 Huang Jiaying outside Guanghuamen, Nanjing. It was a five-baht shape in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it may have been copied in the Six Dynasties. They should be the earliest silver square hole round coins discovered in China so far, and may be ghost coins used for human sacrifice.
7. The earliest iron money in China
According to the historical records of coins, the earliest iron coins in China were five baht cast by Gongsun Shu when he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, Sichuan at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, which has been denied. After liberation, a large number of Tiebanliang were unearthed in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan, Hengyang and Xi 'an, Shaanxi. Only 32 pieces of iron were unearthed from the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Changsha, and the word "half Liang" was used in regular script, with no square hole or Guo, and the shape and weight were very similar to those of Wendi's four baht and half Liang. Therefore, it can be said that this semi-iron in the early Western Han Dynasty was the earliest iron money in China.
8. The earliest lead coins in China.
Various kinds of lead coins, such as lead coins, lead coins, lead springs, lead five baht and so on, have been unearthed in tombs or cellars in various parts of China. However, these lead coins are either ghost coins or counterfeit coins minted privately by the people, and they are not real official currencies. The official lead coins in circulation in China should be lead kaiyuan Xiaopingqian, which was minted by Fujian Wang in the second year (9 16) during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Lead coins are divided into three types: bare back, back "Fu" and back "Min".
9. China first used coins with the wrong gold technology.
In the second year (AD 7), Wang Mang carried out the first monetary system reform. In addition to the original five baht, he issued three new currencies, namely Daquan 50, Qidao 500 and Qidao 5000.
The shape of the knife with a flat 5 thousand is very similar to that of the present key. The money body consists of a knife ring and a handle. The ring says "one", the next one says "Dao" and the handle says "Ping 5 thousand". Among them, the word "one knife" in the ring is inlaid with gold, commonly known as "Jin Cuodao", and each piece is worth five baht and five thousand yuan.
It is the earliest coin used in China, and it is also the only coin made by the wrong gold technology. Because of its exquisite production, strange shape and rare existence, it is cherished by coin collectors. In China's ancient poems, there are many praises to Jin Cuodao, such as Du Fu's poem: "A silver pot of wine is easy to remember when gold is wrong".
1 1. The shortest used coin in China.
186 1 In July, Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty was critically ill in chengde mountain resort, Jehol, and appointed eight people, including Su Shun, Zai Yuan and Duan Hua, as ministers of state to handle state affairs. Soon after, Emperor Xianfeng died of illness, and eight ministers obeyed the testamentary edict, made Zai Chun emperor, drafted the reform of "Qi Xiang" in the following year, and minted "Qi Xiang" coins. Cixi, on the other hand, in the name of her and Ci 'an, contacted Prince Gong Yixin, who was in Beijing at that time, and launched a palace coup on September 30th, arresting eight ministers and executing three people, including Su Shun. This is the famous "coup in the heart", also known as "coup in Qixiang". Soon, Cixi adopted the memorial of the great scholar Zhou Zupei, abolished the title of "Qixiang", stopped casting "Qixiang" coins, and changed it to the title of "Tongzhi" and cast "Tongzhi" coins. The title of "Qixiang" was determined on July 26th, the 11th year of Xianfeng, but it was abolished on October 5th of that year and only existed for 69 days. It can be said that "Qi Xiang Qian" is the shortest used coin in China.
12. The earliest annual currency in China.
Emperor China began to use nianhao from the Western Han Dynasty, but the earliest nianhao money in history was the Hanxing money made by Li Shou in the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Li Shou was the nephew of Te Li, the leader of the rebel army in the late Western Jin Dynasty. In the fourth year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (338), he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, changed his country name to Han, took Hanxing as the title, and made money from Han. According to Qian Wen arrangement, the Hanxing Line can be divided into two ways: one is up and down arrangement, commonly known as "vertical Hanxing" or "straight Hanxing", and the other is left and right arrangement, commonly known as "horizontal Hanxing".
13. The earliest country name, year number and coins of China.
In 4 19 AD, King Helian Bobo of Daxia also took control of all the cities (now Baichengzi in Jingbian, Shaanxi Province) and changed to the Yuan Dynasty to make money for the "revitalization of Daxia". Daxia is the title, and revitalization is the title. "Summer is really prosperous" Money is the earliest coin cast together with the country name and year number in China.
14. China is the first country to cast right-hole round coins with place names.
The sage of Lingling said, "Liu Bei has painted Chengdu, but his military strength is insufficient and he is very worried. Liu Ba said,' It sounds good, but you have to invest 100 yuan directly to balance the price.' Get ready. A few months later, the national treasury was enriched. "The straight hundred dollars here refers to the straight one hundred and fifty baht. There is a straight 150 baht with the word "Wei" on the back, which was cast by Liu Bei in Qianwei, Sichuan. It is the earliest square hole round money with place names in China.
15. The earliest traceable coin in China.
From the seventh year of Xichun (1 180), the seventh year of Zhao Chun, and the eighth year of Zhao Chun, China coins are all capitalized. From lowercase nine years later, until sixteen. This method continued until the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Therefore, Xichun Yuanbao is the earliest reverse coin in China.
16. The initial annual income of China in the Tang Dynasty.
Most people mistakenly believe that Kaiyuan Bao Tong was the first annual coin in Tang Dynasty in China, but this is actually wrong. Kaiyuan was the year number changed by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty in 7 13. Kaiyuan Bao Tong was first cast in Wude, Tang Gaozu (62 1). Kaiyuan Bao Tong Qian Wen's "Kaiyuan" is not the year number, but the meaning of "creating a new era". So how much was the money in the first year of the Tang Dynasty? This was the first year of Ganfeng in Tang Gaozong (666), and it only took one year.
17. The most precious Buddhist temple in China offers money.
Wutai Mountain is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China, and it is also a world-famous Buddhist shrine. 1988 Spring, when the stupa was built, a number of Chunhua Buddha statues were dug up. They are made of gold with a purity of over 90%. Money has a diameter of 2.4cm, a thickness of 0.12cm, a diameter of 0.5cm, and each piece weighs about12g. On the front, Qian Wen's running script "Chunhua Yuanbao" is displayed, and on the back, there are two Buddha statues, Zuo Li and Zuo Right. There is a Buddha light screen on the back of the Buddha statue. The Buddha statue is Wei Tuo, holding Ruyi. There are lotus seats under the two Buddha statues. The shape and posture of the Buddha statue are lifelike. The three-dimensional projection of the Buddha statue is 0.2 cm, and the five senses are clearly identifiable.
Chunhua is the title of Taizong in the Northern Song Dynasty. This batch of Chunhua Yuanbao money, backed by Buddha statues, has a strange shape. Obviously, it was specially cast and enshrined by the royal family at Wutai Mountain Temple at that time. It is the first time that a number of golden Buddhist temples like this have been discovered in China, so they have high historical and cultural value.
18. The earliest currency exchange in China.
The so-called "Duiqian" means that the two Qian Qian characters are the same, the casting place is the same, and the shapes such as size and outline are exactly the same, but the difference is the two characters. Kaiyuan Bao Tong Xiaopingqian, which was cast by Li Jing in the Southern Tang Dynasty, has two kinds of seal script and official script, and is the earliest coin exchange in China. It is said that the seal script Kaiyuan Bao Tong was written by the great calligrapher Xu Xuan.
19. The earliest royal book coins in China.
Many Qian Wen coins in ancient China were written by the emperor himself. They were called Imperial Book Money. For example, Bao Tong, Chongning Bao Tong, Xuanhe Bao Tong in the Northern Song Dynasty have the word "Shaanxi", all written by Song Huizong in fine gold. The earliest imperial calligraphy money in China was Chunhua Yuanbao in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. Qian Wen, written by Zhao Jiong of Song Taizong, can be divided into three types: original, running script and cursive script.
20. The most complicated coin in the history of China.
Jiading Qian in the Southern Song Dynasty is the most complicated name in the history of China. According to denomination, it can be divided into four types: Xiaoping, Discount 2, Discount 3 and Discount 5. Each denomination has a different name, including Yuanbao, Yongbao, Zhibao, Jinbao, Xingbao, Anbao, Xinbao, Hongbao, Wanbao, Bao Zheng, Zhenbao, Chongbao, Feng Bao, Zhibao and Anbao.
2 1. The largest metal coin in China.
The national treasure synopsis of the golden chamber is a strange-looking coin. The money body consists of two parts, the upper part is a round square hole, the seal script directly reads the word "Golden Chamber", the lower part is a shovel, and the seal script is the word "Wan Zhi". This money is recognized as the currency of Wang Mang's period. Because Qian Wen and Jin Cuodao are "even 5,000", that is, a piece is worth 5,000 baht, then the Qian Qian word is "straight 10,000", that is, a piece is worth 10,000 baht. Therefore, the national treasure Jingui Wan Zhi is the largest metal coin in China.
22. The earliest lead engraving mother money in China
According to historical records, during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there were only, Soviet Union and Baodun. , and others have not yet appeared. However, it is the first time in China to carve a national treasure of the Yuan Dynasty with ten lead coins. The money is 4.6 cm in diameter and weighs 53.3 grams. It was carved after the ten coins of Taihe and Chongbao in the Jin Dynasty. The two are exactly the same in production style, size and thickness, and text thickness. After the money is carved, it is ready to be used to cast copper coins. Perhaps the word "national treasure" is not suitable as the name of coins, or for other reasons, such copper coins have not been used. This Dayuan national treasure has a history of more than 700 years as a lead carving mother coin, and it is the earliest lead carving mother coin in China.
23. The earliest bronze carving mother money in China
The carved mother is a coin carved by hand with copper, ivory, lead and tin as materials. Used to cast mother money, and then used to cast circulating coins. Therefore, the coin industry also calls carved mother money the ancestor of money.
The earliest bronze carving mother money in China should be Jiajing Bao Tong 10 yuan of Ming Dynasty in Nanjing Museum. This model is gold and copper color, with fine texture, smooth surface, no air holes and sand holes, sharp characters and knife marks. There are many carved mother coins in China in the Qing Dynasty, only a few in the Ming Dynasty, such as Wanli Bao Tong and Chongzhen Bao Tong, and this Jiajing Bao Tong is the earliest and the best in quality, which can be called the treasure of coins.