Meng Huo's gender: male, the leader of central and south ethnic minorities in the Three Kingdoms period in China. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yizhou (now Jinning East, Yunnan) was born in Jianning County and was obese. The year of birth and death is unknown. This official is honest in imperial history. Meng Huo —— Before and after Liu Bei's death, Meng Huo followed Yizhou monarch and fought, and induced foreigners to rebel with him. According to "Han Shu Jin Shu Chun Qiu", at that time, Yi Shuai rebelled in southern Sichuan, and Zhuge Liang came to South China and won every battle. It is said that there is a man named Meng Huo who is obedient to the local Yi people. I must take him alive. Later, Zhuge Liang really captured Meng Huo in Pandong. Meng Huo-A Concise Biography was written in the third year (225). Zhuge Liang personally led the army into Zheng Lu's south middle school (Shu Han was stationed in Bashu, and his land was in the south of Bashu, hence the name), and there was internal chaos. Gao Dingyuan killed Lv Yong, and Meng Huo was appointed as the leader. Zhuge Liang took a fancy to Meng Huo's high prestige among local foreigners and Han Chinese, so he adopted Ma Su's "heart first" policy and decided to capture him alive to make him more capable of fighting. Meng Huo was convinced when he tackled vertically. In that autumn, four southern counties (Zhang Yue, Yizhou, Yongchang and Zhang Ke) were flat. Zhuge Liang used a large number of elites of local ethnic minorities to transfer any Qu Shuai to Chengdu as an official, and Meng Huo was appointed as an imperial envoy. And enrich Shu's military assets with cattle and horses from the south. Since then, there has been no major rebellion in the south. Meng Huo-Historical Chronology In 223 AD, in Yizhou County (present-day eastern Yunnan), the Han people were brave and good at fighting, inciting Yi Huo in this county to fight against Shu. In 225 AD, in the third year of Shu Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led an army to pursue south. Seven captures Meng Huo. Meng won Thanks To Drop and went to Shu as an official. There is no record in the History of the Three Kingdoms, and the chapters in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, namely, The Seven Captures of Meng Huo and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, have been widely circulated. It is said that after Liu Bei died in Baidicheng, there was a rebellion in southern Sichuan. In the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang, after full preparation, led a large army to cross Lushui (Jinsha River) south, quickly quelled the Yunnan-Guizhou rebellion and consolidated the rear of Shu. In this significant expedition to the south, Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times and released him seven times in order to achieve the goal of "attacking the heart first". Today, many places in Yunnan still retain the position of "seven grasps and seven verticals". Recently, Mr. Huang Chengzong of Liangshan Yi Slave Society Museum wrote that Meng Huo did exist in history, but the story of seven escapes and seven verticals did not exist. Is there Meng Huo in history? Meng Huo has always been controversial in academic circles. During the Republic of China, Mr. Zhang Hualan, an expert in Yunnan local chronicles, wrote The Debate of Meng Huo, saying that Meng Huo "did nothing for the public". He thinks: "Chen Shouzhi (referring to Zhu Chen's The Three Kingdoms) is a traitor in southern China and has written many books. If there is Meng Huo, there will be some peace, but he has no back. " His people were arrested seven times, and his name was' Gain'. Is there such a coincidence in the world? "Zhang Hualan's view actually represents the views of many scholars. So, is there Meng Huo? Huang Chengzong believed that Meng Huo was a real person, although his date of birth and death could not be verified. Meng Huo's native place and family background are mostly related to the surname of Nanzhong. At present, the famous "Meng Xiao Jubei" of Zhaotong No.3 Middle School in Yunnan Province was unearthed in Bainijing, the county seat of Zhaotong County, in the 27th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 190 1 year). It is recorded on the tablet that Meng surname in Han Dynasty is one of the two most famous surnames in Nanzhong in history. In addition, Meng Huo has a long history of sacrifice. According to the physical data found so far, it was the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty at the earliest. As for the southwest provinces before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were many places where temples were built or attached to local temples. Only Dianzhu Tuzhu Temple, Shenglong Temple and Wuxian Temple in Xichang County have sacrificial statues. There is a statue of Meng Huo in the third row on the left side of the painting axis, commonly known as "barbarian king sweeping the altar". Is Meng Huo Han or Yi? The historical record of Meng Huo is very brief. The Book of History of Han Jin Chun Qiu only records that he was a leader who was "served by foreigners". Is he Han or Yi? Two views have been formed for a long time. According to a school of historians, Meng Huo's nationality is Han nationality. Another school of historians thinks that Meng Huo is a foreigner. The reason for supporting the Han school is that although Meng surname is the most popular surname in Nanping history, Meng surname is divided into Zhu Timeng and Jianning Meng. Zhu Timeng's family has been an official in the mainland since the Western Han Dynasty. The Meng family in Jianning was moved south by Zhu Timeng. During the Three Kingdoms, there were Meng Yan (Zhu Di), Meng Huo, Meng Gan and Meng Tong. Although there is a legend that the ancestors of Yi people are Meng Huo, there is also a legend that Yi people helped Zhuge Liang defeat Meng Huo. Therefore, Meng Huo may be a Han nationality who moved south. However, people who support the Yi people believe that the leaders of ethnic minorities have China's surname for generations in history, so their ethnic groups cannot be judged by their surnames. As for ethnic minorities, they were instigated by rulers of past dynasties to kill each other, or were ordered to suppress them. Therefore, the fact that the Yi people helped Zhuge Liang beat Meng Huo cannot be used as evidence that Meng Huo was a Han nationality rather than a Yi nationality. Huang Chengzong believes that in the history of Nanzhong, some of the most popular names recorded by Chu people, Wang Dian, really lived in Nanzhong. In fact, their influence fluctuates from time to time, but they are a minority and have long been integrated with local ethnic groups. Most of them don't know when they moved to Nanzhong. This phenomenon is basically common in history. Of course, the ethnic groups in this case are regarded as local aborigines. Meng Huo's ethnic group should be Yi. In recent years, Meng's genealogy records have also been found when sorting out the ancient books of Yi language in Guizhou. Is the historical fact about Meng Huo's "seven capture and seven vertical" true? The earliest origin of "seven captures and seven verticals" is the fourth volume of Huayang National Records, Nanzhong Records. In addition, there is also a brief record in the biography of Zhuge Liang, which is quoted from the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Han and Jin Dynasties. However, in the history of the Three Kingdoms, there is no direct record of Shu Zhi, Zhuge Liang Chuan, Fan Liangji and Li Hui Lu Kai Chuan, the leading figure at that time. However, in Zi Jian of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was mentioned that Meng Huo's "seven captures and seven captures", but Liang was still sent away and could not be stopped. He said: "Gong, Tian Wei also, Nanren no longer rebelled." Obviously, it uses the records of Huayang National Records. Whether the historians after Chen Shou discovered new materials to make up for the shortcomings of the History of the Three Kingdoms or just went down in history according to legends remains to be further explored by historians. 1In April, 983, Mr. Miao Yue, a famous historian and professor of history department of Sichuan University, pointed out at the first national symposium on Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Zhuge Liang had such a great skill that he released Meng Huo casually and arrested him like a child. Fang Guoyu, a famous expert in Yunnan history, an expert in southwest history and geography, and a former professor in the history department of Yunnan University, said in the article "A Textual Research on Zhuge Liang's Route of Expedition to the South" that the matter of capturing Meng Huo seven times is only a folk legend, which is recorded in local chronicles and is not worth arguing about. Mr. Fang also made an in-depth textual research on this issue in his book "Yi History Draft", and thought that Zhuge Liang's theory of arresting Meng Huo in the seventh place was "if it happened, it was pure fiction." Mr. Tan, a famous contemporary expert on the history of the Three Kingdoms and director of Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum, also said in the article "Query on Zhuge Liang's" Seven Capture Meng Huo "that the seven capture is almost bizarre, and Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo without killing him, but the" seven capture and seven vertical "is incredible.