In the fourth year of Xianping (100 1 year), Li Yun invited him to play a book, and gave him a letter, explaining the classics, recording history, writing jade articles, and building Xiangxi Academy. In the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 976), Zhu Dong, the governor of Tanzhou, formally established Yuelu Academy near Huang Bao Cave at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, which was originally a place where monks run schools. During the Northern Song Dynasty (1008- 10 17), Yuelu Academy entered its heyday in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (A.D. 10 15), Song Zhenzong personally summoned Shan Shizhou, praised Zhou Shi's promotion of learning, and personally inscribed the plaque of Yuelu Academy. So far, the stone carvings of Yuelu Academy in Ming Dynasty are written by Song Zhenzong. Under the leadership of Zhou Shi, Yuelu Academy has made great progress in the number of students and the scale of the academy, becoming one of the four largest academies in the world. There are different opinions about the "four academies", but only Yuelu is respected by all factions, which reflects the ancient literati's admiration for Yuelu.
In the early Song Dynasty, Yuelu Academy was looted by the war. In the first year of the main road (1 165), Hunan Anfu sent Tan Zhifu Liu Yong to rebuild Yuelu Academy. He also hired Lu Yue, the bishop of Zhang Qian, a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar, to further strengthen the educational and academic status of Yuelu Academy in the Southern Song Dynasty. During Bishop Zhang Qian's period, the guiding ideology of running a school was to oppose the study of imperial examinations, to cultivate talents to preach and teach and solve doubts, and to train a number of outstanding students such as Wu Lie, Zhao Fang, You Jiuyan and Chen Qi. In the third year of the main road (A.D. 1 167), Zhu visited Zhang Qian and had a discussion with him, and held a famous "Zhu Lecture" in history. There is an endless stream of people coming to the lecture. At that time, people described it as "a horse and a chariot, and the drinking pool was exhausted." This lecture also promoted the development of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty and China's ancient philosophy, so it is not only a major event in Changsha, but also a major event in the ancient cultural history of China. Avenue for five years (1 169), Zhang Xue Yanzhou, the top of the academy.
After Zhu gave lectures, the reputation of Yuelu Academy spread far and wide. Yuan agent Wu Cheng said in the book "Rebuilding Yuelu Academy": "From then on Yuelu became Yuelu, not the former Yuelu!" In the fifth year of Shao Xi (1 194), after 27 years of giving lectures at Yuelu, Zhu was appointed as the envoy of Hunan, and came to Tanzhou again to reorganize Yuelu Academy and promulgate the Academy Regulations. After his rectification, Yuelu Academy once again entered a prosperous period. Deacon Chun You ten years (1246), Li Zongci inscribed "Yuelu Academy" and did not build a small house in Xiangxi, south of the Academy. 1275 Yuan soldiers attacked Changsha, and Yuelu Academy was set on fire. Hundreds of students from Yuelu Academy participated in the war, and most of them committed suicide after the city was broken. After the Yuan rulers unified the whole country, they vigorously promoted the restoration and development of academies. Liu Bida, founder of Tanzhou University, presided over the reconstruction of Yuelu Academy, which was abandoned for only 10 years and began to revive. 13 14 (the first year of Yan) Liu Anren was in charge of the overhaul again. War broke out again at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and Yuelu Academy was destroyed by the war in 1368 (18th year of Zheng Zheng). In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang carried out the policy of "education first, education establishing schools". Attach importance to the revival of local official schools, rather than advocating academy education. Traditional Chinese studies are decadent, and Yuelu Academy has been silent for more than a hundred years. During the Chenghua period (1465- 1487), the academy began to recover gradually. 1432 (the seventh year of Xuande), the earliest restoration of Yuelu Academy was promoted by private fund-raising. 1469 (the fifth year of Chenghua), Peng Qian, the magistrate of Changsha, revived the Academy again, but it was soon abolished. 1494 (the seventh year of Hongzhi), Changsha government sentenced Chen Gang to finally restore Yuelu Academy to its original appearance. Since Xuande in Ming Dynasty, the main building of Yuelu Academy has been renovated and expanded by local officials such as Chen Gang, Yang Maoyuan, Wang Tao and Wu Shizhong for many times, and concentrated on the central axis for the first time. The main shaft extends to the west bank of Xiangjiang River and then to the top of Yuelu Mountain. There are pavilions, and a Confucian temple has been built on one side of the central axis, which has formed a magnificent landscape in the history of the academy, and the pavilions and mountains and rivers set each other off. The three functions of giving lectures, collecting books and offering sacrifices have been fully restored and developed, laying the basic pattern of existing buildings.
1507 (the second year of Zheng De), Wang Shouren, a master of Yangming's mind, came to Yuelu to give a lecture. Wang Shouren and his disciples gave lectures at Yuelu Academy, which was another important school-running activity after Huxiang School in the Southern Song Dynasty and led to another academic upsurge in Yuelu Academy.
1509 (the fourth year of Zheng De), Taoist Wu Shizhong demolished Daolin Temple and expanded the academy.
1643 (in the sixteenth year of Chongzhen), Zhang troops attacked Changsha and fought fiercely with the Ming dynasty loyalists, and the academy was destroyed in the melee.
Since Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, Yuelu Academy was destroyed in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was rebuilt in the seventh year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1432). After five years of Chenghua (AD 1469) and seven to nine years of Hongzhi (AD 1494- 1496), it was basically completed. During this period, the main building of Yuelu Academy was renovated and expanded many times by Chen Gang, Yang Maoyuan, Wang Tao, Wu Shizhong and other local officials, and concentrated on the central axis for the first time. The main shaft extends to the west bank of Xiangjiang River and then to the top of Yuelu Mountain. There are pavilions, and a Confucian temple has been built on one side of the central axis, forming a magnificent landscape in the history of the academy, where pavilions stand opposite each other and mountains and rivers blend together. The three functions of giving lectures, collecting books and offering sacrifices have been fully restored and developed, laying the basic pattern of existing buildings.
The academic research of Yuelu Academy in Ming Dynasty is still based on Zhu. In the ninth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 14), the Records of Yuelu Academy was revised for the first time, and it was revised three times by Jiajing, Wanli and Chongzhen. After Zheng De, Wang Yangming and his disciples came here to give lectures, communication psychology. In the 9th year of Jiajing (A.D. 1530), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty granted Cheng Hao "one proverb for sight, hearing, speaking and acting" and four proverbs for worship, and built a new pavilion, which was later renamed the Four Proverbs Pavilion. At the end of Ming Dynasty, the academic tradition of Gaoshitai and Yuelu Academy of Lindong School was re-developed. In the early Qing Dynasty, the imperial court adopted a policy of restraining academies. 1652 (the ninth year of Shunzhi) ordered: "All officials and governors should introduce instructors to cultivate Confucianism and ensure that the classics and books they learn on weekdays are reasonable, practical and practical. Don't start an academy, gather disciples, and call on local idle people to really talk about waste industry. " However, the academy system, which has been implemented for hundreds of years, has far-reaching social influence, and the voice of repairing the academy is getting stronger and stronger. In the year when the emperor shunzhi ordered all localities not to establish academies, Peng Yufeng, the governor of Hunan Province, hired Liu Zi, a student from Youxian County, Changsha, to preside over Yuelu teaching, and was not punished.
With the increasing consolidation of the rule, the policy of restraining academies in the last years of Shunzhi began to relax, and then the policy of supporting and encouraging was implemented in Kang Yong. 1668 (the seventh year of Kangxi), Governor Zhou ordered the reconstruction of Yuelu Academy, which basically restored its original scale. 1674 (13th year of Kangxi), Wu Sangui launched the San Francisco Rebellion, conquered Changsha, and Yuelu Academy, which had just been built for four years, was destroyed on impulse. 1684 (twenty-third year of Kangxi), Governor Ding rebuilt Yuelu again, set up hundreds of acres of fire, sparse chapters in two places, and requested the imperial monument. 1687 (twenty-six years of Kangxi) In the spring, Emperor Kangxi wrote "Learning Heaven".
In order to praise the school-running achievements of Yuelu Academy, the Qing court successively awarded the titles of "Learning to Heaven" and "Learning to South", and presented Tang and books to Yuelu Academy as a provincial capital academy. With the strong support of the government, the scale of running a school has been further expanded. In the early years of Shunzhi, the academy continued to run schools. In the 11th year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1733), Yuelu was appointed as a provincial college and given a sum of money 1200 yuan. In the eighth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1743), he gave the imperial book "Daonan Zhengmai" to praise Yuelu's contribution in spreading Zhu Neo-Confucianism. Later, the governor of Hunan and other local officials allocated funds for the college many times. At the same time, a large number of prestigious scholars were hired as mountain leaders. From the late Qianlong period to Jiaqing and Daoguang years, the construction of academies further developed. In 27 years, Luodian and Ouyang Hou Jun established and restored dozens of ancient academies. The management of the college is thriving.
1744 (the ninth year of Qianlong), Emperor Qianlong presented Yuelu with the imperial book "Daonan Zhengmai", and the important position of Yuelu Academy in the whole country was once again affirmed. From the late Qianlong period to Jiaqing and Daoguang years, the construction of academies further developed. In 27 years, Luodian and Ouyang Hou Jun established and restored dozens of ancient academies. 1745 (ten years of Qianlong), Governor Yang Ximao wrote the Regulations of Yuelu Academy. 1748 (13th year of Qianlong reign), Wang Wenqing, the mountain chief, wrote "Learning Rules of Yuelu Academy". 1782 (forty-seven years of Qianlong), Luodian was the dean, creating Eight Scenes of Yuelu Mountain with many buildings. Yuelu Academy in Qing Dynasty mainly taught Neo-Confucianism and Chinese Studies. In the 11th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 183 1), Wu Rongguang, the governor of Hunan Province, founded the Xiangshui School Classrooms in Yuelu Academy to study history, affairs and write chapters.
1833 (13th year of Daoguang), Governor Wu Rongguang imitated the begonia system, and set up Xiangshui School in Beijing, which initiated the teaching reform of Hunan Academy. 1852 (the second year of Xianfeng), the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom troops attacked Changsha, and Yuelu Academy was destroyed in the war, which is known as "the Academy was destroyed in half". Later, Dean Ding Shanqing led the students to donate money, which was repaired one after another. 1868 (the seventh year of Tongzhi), Governor Liu Kun presided over a large-scale construction. In the late Qing Dynasty, following the historical trend, Lu Yue set up translation studies, mathematics and other subjects, added books on current affairs and western learning, and carried out teaching reform. In the first year of Guangxu (AD 1875), Yuelu Academy moved to the south of Changsha. Later, it was relocated and changed to a prestigious school. Make it an important place for sinology research. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the ideological trend of reform and reform rose, and academies began to spread new learning, which had a great influence. In the late Qing Dynasty, the New Deal was implemented, and the Academy was abolished. In the 29th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1903), Yuelu Academy was built by the lake.
Zhao Erxun, the governor of southern Hunan Province, was revoked as a Hunan institution of higher learning (Changsha Shishi School was founded in 1897, 1899 was changed to Qiushi Academy, 1902 was changed to Hunan Provincial University Hall, and 1903 merged with Yuelu Academy to form Hunan institutions of higher learning). 19 12, Hunan colleges and universities were ordered to close down, and engineering students were sent to Hunan higher industrial school and Hunan higher normal school for further study. In the same year, Hunan Normal University was ordered to move in. In December of the fourth year of the Republic of China, the second organizational record of Hunan Normal University contained: "Hunan Normal University is Yuelu Academy." (page 2). 19 17, Hunan Normal University was ordered to close down and merged into Wuchang Normal School for Nationalities. In the same year, Hunan Institute of Technology moved in and took over all the school products and some teachers of the former Hunan Normal University. 1926, three colleges of business administration and law in Hunan merged, and Hunan University was formally established, with Yuelu College as the first hospital and the newly-built school building as the second hospital. From 65438 to 0937, the provincial Hunan University was established as the National Hunan University by the Ministry of Education of the National Government.
1In April, 938, Japanese warplanes bombed the campus of Hunan University, and some buildings of Yuelu Academy were destroyed. 194 1 In April, Japanese planes bombed Hunan University again, and the Imperial Bookstore, Banxuezhai and Jingyizhai of Yuelu Academy were all destroyed, and the Dacheng Hall of the Confucian Temple and the statue of Confucius were destroyed. After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, some buildings of Yuelu Academy were restored.
1953, national faculty adjustment, Hunan University revoked. On the former site of Hunan University, based on the former Department of Civil Engineering and the Ministry of Basic Education of Hunan University, the Central South Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture was established by merging relevant departments of other universities. 1958, Central South Institute of Architecture and Engineering was renamed Hunan Institute of Technology after expansion. 1959, the State Council officially approved the restoration of Hunan Institute of Technology as Hunan University, adding two departments of arts and sciences and setting up 12 departments, redefining the development mode of a comprehensive university combining arts and sciences.
198 1 year, Yuelu Academy began a large-scale restoration project, 1986, 10 year, after five years of overhaul, Yuelu Academy officially opened to the outside world. Hunan University has successively established a cultural research institute and its subordinate colleges (called Yuelu Academy) here to recruit undergraduates, masters and doctoral students majoring in history and philosophy. Yuelu Academy has experienced many wars in its history, with seven destroyed and seven built. The main existing buildings are the remains of the Qing Dynasty. Since the 20th century, after several overhauls, some buildings destroyed by the war have been rebuilt.
After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Reform Movement rose, demanding the abolition of the imperial examination and the development of schools. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (AD 1897), Hunan Shiwu School was founded, and later renamed Qiushi Academy and Hunan University Hall. In the 29th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1903), it merged with Yuelu Academy and became Hunan Higher Education College. Hunan Excellent Normal School was founded in 1907, with the aim of cultivating junior and middle school teachers. After the Revolution of 1911, the school was changed into a school. 19 12 years, Hunan Governor Tan first planned to establish Hunan University. 19 12, Hunan Normal University moved to Yuelu College and changed its name to Hunan Normal University. 19 17, the preparatory body was established. 1926 1 The provincial government promulgated the Provisional Regulations on the Organization of Hunan University, and appointed ten people including Li Daichen as members of the school administrative committee, with Li Daichen as the chairman. On February 1926 and 1, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Law School and Business School merged to form Hunan University. A plaque with the name of the school was hung at the entrance of Yuelu College, and the school building of Yuelu College was the First Hospital. 1In July, 937, the National Government explicitly changed Hunan University from a provincial university to a national university, and appointed Pi Zongshi as the president. There are five colleges of art, law, science, engineering and business. After that, he moved to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and resumed his studies. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the scale of running a school expanded. On February 2nd, the Central People's Government appointed Li Da as the president of Hunan University. 1950 In August, Chairman Mao wrote the name of Hunan University at the invitation of President Li Da. 1953 was changed to Central South Institute of Architecture and Engineering, 1958 was changed to Hunan Institute of Engineering, and 1959 was renamed to Hunan University. 65438-0978, the State Council identified Hunan University as a national key university.
Yuelu Academy is committed to building itself into a base for training high-level professionals in Chinese studies and teaching, a high-end academic platform with profound historical and cultural heritage and modern academic research conditions, an internationally influential academic and cultural exchange center between China and foreign countries and a first-class hometown of Chinese studies.