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Methanol history
1. What is formaldehyde beer? The "Formaldehyde Beer Incident" caused a great uproar, and its international influence was extremely bad.

The reason is that some domestic media reports about "the formaldehyde content in domestic beer exceeds the standard" are inaccurate. This kind of report is not true. Sina has performed it several times.

However, cases like the "Formaldehyde Beer Incident" which seriously damaged the national reputation and seriously endangered the national interests are still rare. In my opinion, truth is the life of news, and some media really want to violate it for their own interests, which is your own business; However, under any circumstances, it is forbidden to damage the reputation of the motherland, to damage the interests of the motherland and to talk about our national interests! With the rapid development of China's beer industry, China's beer production has been ranked first in the world for three consecutive years since 2002. Most well-known domestic enterprises have introduced advanced production and processing technologies and production equipment from Germany and the United States, which has comprehensively improved the overall quality level of China's beer industry, and some key enterprises have become among the advanced in the world.

At present, the annual beer export of China is about 76 million US dollars. Beer industry has become one of the important pillar industries in China.

Therefore, the consequences of this "formaldehyde beer incident" are serious and unimaginable. .

2. Feel the history of the changes of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The story of fishing who is willing to take the bait is that he lives in seclusion by the Weihe River and fishes every day.

He is unique in fishing, with a short hook and no bait. How can you catch fish like this? There is a big conspiracy hidden in the story of Jiang Taigong's fishing, which is a false story fabricated by an interest group to cover up ulterior secrets.

As we all know, Jiang Taigong always goes fishing and pours a glass of wine into the river, asking the river god to bless him to catch fish. The problem lies in this glass of wine. After several years' analysis of the deep silt at the bottom of the Weihe River where Jiang Taigong fished, the methanol content in the silt is several thousand times higher than that in nature! The analysis of the surrounding sediment shows that there is no obvious difference between the methanol content in the upstream and the nature, while the methanol content in the downstream is parabolic, and the dispersion area of methanol is centered on the fishing point, forming an arc facing downstream.

These data show that a large amount of methanol is injected into fishing spots. The carbon cycle analysis of methanol sludge layer shows that methanol has existed for more than 3000 years, which is consistent with the fishing time in Jiang Taigong. In such a long history, the content of methanol is so much higher than that of nature, which shows the great concentration at that time! Through this series of evidence, this eternal mystery has finally been solved. When Jiang Taigong fished, the fact that the willing person took the bait was this: At that time, the wine poured into the river in Jiang Taigong contained high concentration of methanol, but because it was diluted by a large amount of river water, its toxicity was greatly reduced, which was not enough to kill people, but it was enough to cause a large number of fish to go blind. Half drunk and half blind, the fish couldn't tell the direction, so they rushed to the shore in large numbers.

A large number of fish washed up on the shore, which puzzled Jiang Taigong. After investigation, he finally knew that the wine was poisonous. He traced the source of the poisoned wine and found that the supplier of the wine was the largest wine group at that time, and the boss behind it was Xibo Hou Jichang. Originally, Jiang Taigong was going to claim compensation from Xibo Hou Jichang, but this liquor group was a national key taxpayer at that time, and its investor status was very high. It is unwise for a doctor to explicitly challenge them, and the fishery law at that time stipulated that illegal fishing would be severely punished, otherwise it might be countered, which would not only benefit you, but also protect your life.

Liquor Group is also afraid that the publicity of this matter will affect its performance. After many discussions, the two sides decided to settle it privately. The conditions of both parties are: Xibo Hou Jichang recruited Jiang Taigong to enjoy the treatment of senior talents, and Jiang Taigong kept this matter secret.

In order to hide people's eyes and ears, they fabricated a mysterious story of "Jiang Taigong fishing, and those who wish to take the bait" to deceive everyone.

3. What is the historical origin of Huang Juhua? Chrysanthemum occupies an important position in China's flower and tree culture.

As early as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there was a record of "September Chrysanthemum", and Qu Yuan was the first person to compare himself to chrysanthemum. He splashed ink in Li Sao, describing himself as "the autumn chrysanthemum falls at dusk" and "I would rather stick to the fragrant branches and grow old than dance with the yellow leaves". The founder of real chrysanthemum culture is Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty. This "chrysanthemum friend" is accompanied by chrysanthemums day and night, so that his residence is also "Autumn Chrysanthemum Garden". He appreciates the depth of chrysanthemums, which is unparalleled throughout the ages.

Meng Haoran in the Tang Dynasty described the pastoral area of "I will come back when I am in the chrysanthemum when I am on the mountain holiday". At the same time, Huang Chao's "Golden Flower in the City" has also become the talk of modern people. In the Song Dynasty, it was the grand scene of Chongyang, and restaurants were tied up with chrysanthemums to form caves.

Li Mengyang, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, wrote "Only this autumn, endure being a chrysanthemum" and Emperor Qianlong wrote "Maple leaves turn green, frost flowers pile up white chrysanthemums", all of which illustrate the prosperity of chrysanthemums in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many chrysanthemum poems in A Dream of Red Mansions are even more important.

In these chrysanthemum chapters, there is no pen and ink related to mourning.

4. Seeking information about methanol It seems that China's methanol production capacity is a mystery, and the figure is so huge that investors can "talk about it".

Some people say that the methanol production capacity of China will reach a record high of 45 million tons/year in 20 10, and even some chemical analysts have calculated that the methanol production capacity of China will reach 64 million tons/year in the next few years. Compared with the capacity of China's domestic market to digest methanol, this figure is frightening.

Chen Weiguo, secretary general of China Alcohol Ether Professional Committee, who was interviewed by the reporter, said that investors' rationality and actual market demand will ultimately determine the capacity of methanol. Chen Weiguo told reporters that in the next 2-3 years, there will be a historic breakthrough in the release of methanol production capacity in China, and the global methanol production capacity will continue to climb.

With the release of methanol production capacity, there may be a breakthrough in methanol digestion channels. 20 10 what is the real methanol production capacity in China? Chen Weiguo told reporters frankly that no department has conducted accurate statistics on it, and it is impossible to conduct accurate statistics on it.

This is because methanol is an intermediate chemical product. As the market changes, manufacturers will adjust their output at any time. Relevant data show that in recent years, China's methanol production has increased very rapidly.

The output of 1998 is 1488700 tons, in 2000 it was 1986900 tons, in 2003 it was 3.26 million tons, in 2004 it reached 4.4065 million tons, in 2005 it reached 5.69 million tons, and in 2006 it reached 7.62 million tons. The estimated output in 2007 is about 9 million tons.

For methanol planning projects in China, Chen Weiguo has done incomplete statistics, and the statistical result shows that there are about 88 projects with 48.5 million tons/year. Among them, the natural gas to methanol project147.7 million tons/year; 1 1 coke oven gas to methanol project, 3.05 million tons/year; There are 63 coal-to-methanol projects with a capacity of 37.75 million tons/year (Phase I).

If the second-phase planning project is included, the total capacity of methanol project in China will reach 63.95 million tons/year. "Whether these planned projects can really produce production capacity ultimately depends on the market."

Chen Weiguo said, after all, investors are rational now, and investment is about returns. He made a conservative estimate of the supply of methanol capacity in China: 20 million tons/year in 20 10 and 24 million tons/year in 20 15.

Chen Weiguo told reporters that the skyrocketing global methanol price at the end of 2006 was actually caused by the decline of foreign production capacity; Since the beginning of this year, the global methanol production capacity has grown very rapidly. "In 2005, the global methanol production capacity was 48.6 million tons and the output was 36 million tons; The methanol production capacity will reach 64 million tons in 20 10 and 72 million tons in 20 15. The target market of the new factory is mainly aimed at Asia and China. "

During 2006-2008, the global methanol project under construction was 24.25 million tons/year. Projects with an annual output of over 900,000 tons 18 sets.

Among them, the projects under construction in Saudi Arabia are nearly 2.8 million tons/year, and Iran is 3 million tons/year. By 20 10, the methanol supply in the Middle East will increase by150,000 tons/year, and that in South America will increase by about 7 million tons/year.

The Middle East and other places are rich in natural gas, and the price is only 0. 15-0.30 yuan /m3, and the total cost of manufacturing methanol and transporting it to the coast of China is only about 1000 yuan/ton. While the global methanol production capacity is increasing, some methanol plants will be closed one after another.

Among them, North America will close 4 million tons/year before 2008, and Western Europe will close150-1800,000 tons/year. With the increase of global methanol production capacity, the opening of digestion channels is imminent.

Chen Weiguo told reporters that at present, the traditional consumption of methanol has not changed much. "The amount of methanol used as fuel or producing dimethyl ether to extract olefins and other chemical raw materials is amazing, but it is estimated that it will take 20 10 years to form a scale."

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Relevant data show that China's methanol production capacity has accounted for 1/4 of the world's production capacity. At present, there are many methanol projects under construction and planning in China, and the total production capacity exceeds150,000 tons/year. This indicates that China will grow from an original methanol importer to an exporter, and become a powerful methanol country in the world, becoming a new focus of the world methanol market.

However, under the current situation, opportunities and risks coexist in the development of methanol industry in China. "Four opportunities" make methanol warm up. In China, good national policies have become the number one opportunity for the development of methanol industry.

China is the second largest energy producer and consumer in the world. In 2006, the apparent consumption of crude oil in China was 322 million tons, the imported crude oil was 65.438+0.45 billion tons, and the dependence of oil on foreign countries was 43%. The shortage of oil supply has become one of the main contradictions affecting China's economic and social development. For the sake of energy security, the state has put forward a major strategic measure of "developing alternative energy" with a view to long-term development. The development plan of coal chemical industry compiled by the National Development and Reform Commission has planned the development of coal-to-methanol alternative energy. At the same time, according to the national planning principles and local resource conditions, all parts of the country are actively organizing the preparation of corresponding industrial development plans, implementing construction projects and formulating relevant product standards.

It can be predicted that the methanol market in China will flourish in the near future. The extraordinary development of methanol industry in China and the rapid expansion of production capacity make the whole industry face integration opportunities.

At present, there are methanol production plants in more than 30 countries around the world. In 2006, the global methanol production capacity was 49.65 million tons, and it will reach 50.99 million tons by 20 10. The production of methanol in the world is mainly large-scale, and the plants with more than 300,000 tons/year account for 80% of the total methanol production capacity in the world.

To be bigger and stronger, methanol enterprises in China must integrate industries, enhance their comprehensive strength and become internationally competitive enterprises. There are many opportunities for downstream development of methanol industry.

As methanol is one of the important basic chemical raw materials with many downstream products, it can be used to produce a series of organic chemical products, such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, synthetic rubber, methylamine, dimethyl terephthalate, methyl methacrylate, methyl chloride, methyl tert-butyl ether and so on. It can also be mixed with gasoline to burn or replace gasoline as power fuel to synthesize methanol protein. Among the basic organic chemical raw materials in the world, the consumption of methanol ranks fourth after ethylene, propylene and benzene.

From 2003 to 2006, China's GDP has maintained a growth rate of about 10%. With the rapid development of the national economy, the methanol industry has maintained a rapid growth trend. Although there are many uncertain factors in the downstream new consumption field.

5. The history of distilled spirits What are the earliest distilled spirits in the world invented by Celtic, an ancient resident of Ireland and Scotland in BC?

At that time, Celts used ceramic distillers to brew spirits with high alcohol content, which was also the origin of whisky. The word whisky comes from Celtic, which means "water of life".

In 43 AD, the Roman army conquered England, which brought metal manufacturing technology, improved the traditional Celtic distillation method, improved the sealing of the distiller, reduced the escape of alcohol vapor, and improved the distillation efficiency, resulting in a large increase in whisky production. By the 10 century, the brewing technology of whisky was basically mature.

In China, Xu Shen of the Han Dynasty was afraid of the record in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Shao Kang, a frenzied man, made a dustpan of wine first." Shaokang is Du Kang and sorghum, which means dustpan and sorghum liquor first invented by Du Kang.

This shows that China used grain to make wine at least before 2000 BC, but at that time all it made was yellow rice wine. It was not until the 10 century that China people mastered the distillation technology and began to brew liquor. Distilled liquor in China is mostly brewed in clay kilns in clay pots, so it contains no pigment.

However, foreign distilled spirits are mostly brewed in various wooden barrels with spices and caramel added, so they present different colors. Brandy is distilled wine with grapes as raw materials, and its purity is 40%-50%. Brandy originated in West Asia.

10-/kloc-During the Crusade in the 3rd century, brandy brewing technology was brought back to Europe from * * * *. Rum, also translated as rum, is molasses distilled liquor.

It was born in Barbados, West Indies around 1650, and is very popular among Americans. It used to be called "rumhulion", starting from 1667, which is called rum for short.

Strong rum contains 43%-49% alcohol. Vodka is a colorless and transparent distilled liquor, which has no unique aroma and flavor and contains 33%-45% alcohol.

It was first invented by Russia in the14th century. Vodka is made from the cheapest fermented materials, potatoes are used in Russia and Poland, and grains are used in other producing areas. Because the aroma components are removed during the processing, the texture is very pure.

Vodka-the name comes from the Russian word for water (Voda). It was first popular in Russia and Poland, and spread to the United States and western Europe after World War II.

Because vodka is colorless and tasteless, Europe and America often use it instead of other spirits to make cocktails and other mixed drinks, which have no color and taste of the original spirits.