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Research and Development of Ballastless Track Technology in German Railway
Germany is the first country in the world to study and apply ballastless track. The system adopted by German railways to develop ballastless track is the basic requirement for German railways to formulate unified design, and some companies and enterprises have developed it by themselves. Before the newly developed ballastless track enters the German railway network, it must pass the full-scale model excitation test and comprehensive performance evaluation in the designated laboratory, and be certified by EBA (German Railway Technical Inspection Team) before it can be qualified for trial laying of the line length. The trial paved ballastless track can be put into use after five years of operation test and EBA approval.

Germany began to study and try to lay ballastless track from 1959. At first, three structures were paved in Hillside Station, then two structures were paved in Radar Station and Alder Station, and six structures were paved in Munich Test Line from 1977. 1959- 1988 is the trial laying period of ballastless tracks in Germany. A total of 36 ballastless tracks with a total length of 2 1.6km were laid. During this period, ballastless tracks of various concrete ballast beds were tried in soil subgrade, viaduct and tunnel. After continuous improvement, optimization and perfection, a series of ballastless tracks of German railways and a relatively mature technical specification and management system have been formed, and a complete set of construction machinery and equipment and engineering quality inspection equipment have been developed, which has created good conditions for the popularization and application of ballastless tracks in German railways. After decades of development and research, Germany has successfully developed more than a dozen ballastless track structures, such as radar type, Bogell type, Zubin type, ATD type, Gertrak type, BTD type, SATO type, FFYS type, Walter type and Heitkamp type. By 2003, the total length of German railway ballastless track exceeded 600 kilometers. The main structural types of ballastless track in Germany are embedded sleeper and Borg slab ballastless track. The radar track and Borg slab track laid in the early stage have been in operation for 30 years, and the track condition is always good.