The alliance of Weihe River took place on August 30th, 626. On June 4th this year, the Xuanwu Gate changed, and on August 9th, Li Shimin proclaimed himself. The Turks (East Turks) Jie Li Khan and Tuli Khan (nephew of Jie Li Khan, Little Khan) who learned the news immediately led the troops to attack Chang 'an area. On August 28th, about 200,000 Turks confronted tens of thousands of Tang Jun on both sides of the Weihe River, and Chang 'an, the capital of Datang, was in danger of subversion.
Thanks to Li Shimin's fearlessness in times of crisis, he cleverly set up suspected soldiers, which temporarily confused the judgment of the Turkish commander-in-chief. Then Li Shimin offered attractive conditions and killed the white horse to save his blood as an ally. The Turks retreated after benefiting, and in September, they gave Datang 3000 horses and 10000 sheep. (stills of the Union of Weishui, citing Gao Shilian and Fang's views).
All the above are official records. Let me tell you in detail what is the historical truth of the cover-up of the Weishui Alliance.
East Turkistan's extravagant hopes? Whether Li Shimin can succeed to the throne is uncertain.
First, the unification of East Turkistan.
In 583, Turkic was divided into East Turkic and West Turkic, and the Turkic Civil War began. The military strength of East Turkistan is still very strong, which poses a serious threat to the northwest and north borders of the Sui Dynasty. In 587, Lankhan, the capital of East Turkistan, ascended the throne, and the Sui Dynasty supported Lankhan's younger brother to fight against Lankhan, the capital of East Turkistan. The civil war in East Turkistan can alleviate the pressure of East Turkistan on the border of Sui Dynasty.
In 599, Tubo was defeated in the East Turkistan Civil War. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty named Tubo Qimin Khan and lived in Hetao area. At this time, East Turkistan was split in two? Durham and Qimin Khan each got one. In order to win over Qimin Khan, the Sui Dynasty successively married the daughter of the imperial clan of the Sui Dynasty to Qimin Khan, first Princess Anyi and then Princess Yicheng. When the two princesses got married, Qimin Khan received a high-standard etiquette reception in the Sui Dynasty and gave Qimin Khan many gifts.
With the support of the Sui Dynasty, Qimin Khan unified the divided East Turkistan in 603, and the military strength of East Turkistan became stronger and stronger. The unification of East Turkistan cannot be separated from the support of Sui Dynasty. (At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the separatist forces sought to spread to the East, the West Turkistan, Liu Wuzhou, Wang, Dou Jiande and so on. All surrendered to the eastern Turks. )
Second, the East Turkistan turned against the Sui Dynasty.
After the unification of East Turkistan, it paid tribute to the Sui Dynasty every year. However, the rapid growth of East Turkistan forces made Emperor Yang Di feel unsafe, so he tried every means to split East Turkistan again, which was very beneficial to the security of the Sui Dynasty.
Emperor Yang Di did two great things in order to split the power of Qimin Khan's son and complete Khan.
First, Bi Khan's younger brother is Khan.
Repeating the operation of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, he sent messengers to bring a large number of gifts to the younger brother of Prime Minister Bi Khan, and named him? Khan of the South? Let East Turkistan have another civil war. However, the emperor Yang Di's move failed, and the younger brother of Prime Minister Bi Khan was as timid as a mouse. Besides, he didn't have much military strength and dared not accept the reward of the Sui Dynasty. When Prime Minister Bi Khan learned about this, he was very angry, but he still kept his hair.
Second, kill the cronies of Premier Birkhahn.
Shi Shuhuxi was Khan's most trusted man, who advised Khan. It was also because of Shi Shuhuxi that it was discovered that Emperor Yang Di had made mischief in East Turkistan. At the suggestion of the minister, Emperor Yang Di lured Shi Shuhu to Mayi to exchange markets, and then sent troops to kill the most trusted courtier of Khan. The Sui Dynasty lied about this man's rebellion and told Prime Minister Bi Khan.
Two great things done by Emperor Yang Di were discovered, and Khan began to take revenge on Emperor Yang Di.
In 6 15, Emperor Yang Di visited Yanmenguan, and when he learned the news, the East Turk sent troops to besiege Yanmenguan, which made Emperor Yang Di cry. Or send an emissary to connect with Princess Yicheng. Princess Yicheng lied that there was a war in the north, which made Khan retreat.
Third, East Turkistan intends to dominate the Central Plains.
Taking advantage of the civil strife in the Sui Dynasty, East Turkistan wanted to March into the Central Plains like Tuoba GUI, the Daowu Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and then unify the whole country. The East Turkistan Khan successively supported Liu Wuzhou, Liang Shidao, Guo and other separatist forces. Liu Wuzhou was named Yang Khan by Prime Minister Bi Khan, was named magnanimous Pilgar Khan, and was named Yang. The purpose of Bikan Khan's beginning is very clear, supporting the separatist forces in the Central Plains and trying to dominate the Central Plains when the time is ripe.
In 6 19, Prime Minister Bi Khan led the Turkish main force, and Liu Wuzhou and Liang Shidao cooperated to prepare to attack Taiyuan. In the middle of the journey, Prime Minister Bi Khan died, and the East Turkistan withdrew its troops, so that the crisis of subversion was avoided in the early Tang Dynasty.
The rising East Turkistan's ambition to win the Central Plains had existed since the end of the Sui Dynasty, and it has been looking for opportunities to deal with the newly established Datang. The change of Xuanwu Gate is an excellent opportunity. After learning this news, East Turkistan thought that it was impossible for Li Shimin to solve all kinds of relations within the Tang Dynasty immediately. While Li Shimin was not completely stable when he ascended the throne, he won the capital of the Tang Dynasty in one fell swoop, while East Turkistan could try to win the Central Plains. (Li Jiehan stills, son of Qimin Khan, brother of Shilibi Khan)
The Union of Wei River was signed under such a background.
The hatred of Princess Yicheng.
Maybe God bless the Tang Dynasty. Since Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty, East Turkistan has been cursed. In 6 19, Bi Khan (the eldest son of Qimin Khan) wanted to capture Taiyuan, and then continued to March as the case may be. However, at the critical moment, Prime Minister Khan died of serious illness, and internal strife broke out in East Turkistan. It is known in history that the younger brother of Prime Minister Khan succeeded Khan instead of his nephew. Chu Luokhan? Qimin Khan's second son.
If the Chuluo Khan is stabilized, the East Turkistan can continue to March into the Central Plains. Unexpectedly, Chu Luohan's life span was not long, and he died in 620. He only worked as Khan for less than a year, and Qimin Khan's third son, Jerihan, ascended the throne.
East Turkistan is making a merry-go-round for Khan, but the status of women has never changed. She was Princess Yicheng of the Sui Dynasty. Her surname is Yang, a child of the royal family of the Sui Dynasty, and she has deep feelings for the Sui Dynasty. Princess Yicheng became the wife of Qimin Khan (Jie Li Khan's father), Shi Li Bi Khan (Qimin Khan's eldest son), Chu Luohan (Qimin Khan's second son) and Jie Li Khan (Qimin Khan's third son). Princess Yicheng hated the Tang Dynasty, hoping to use the power of East Turkistan to win the Central Plains, destroy the newly established Tang Dynasty and avenge the Emperor Yang Di. Her voice is still very loud inside East Turkistan. (The image of Princess Yicheng, a relative of Yang, a royal family in Sui Dynasty, marrying four East Turkistan Khan)
For example, in 6 15, Prime Minister Bi Khan besieged the emperor at Yanmenguan, and it was Princess Yicheng who released false news to let the main Turkic forces retreat.
Princess Yicheng wanted to avenge Yang Di and his royal clan, and always supported the East Turkistan against the Central Plains. After Li Jiehan succeeded to the throne, he repeatedly attacked the border areas of the Tang Dynasty and plundered a large number of people and wealth. When Li Shimin first ascended the throne, it was also very influential to let Li Jie Khan and Tuli Khan (nephew of Li Jie Khan) lead two hundred thousand Turkish troops to attack Chang 'an, Tang Dou.
In 630, Li Jing, a famous soldier in the Tang Dynasty, broke the East Turkistan and captured Princess Yicheng and Emperor Yang Di Xiao Huanghou. Princess Yicheng was executed, but Xiao Huanghou was safe and sound. Why? Princess Yicheng hated Datang and was a hawk, while Xiao Huanghou was a moderate, which saved her from being killed.
Historical records prove that Princess Yicheng advocated frequent use of troops against the Tang Dynasty, which had a great influence.
What has Li Shimin lost?
On August 28th, 626, 200,000 Turks confronted tens of thousands of Tang Jun on both sides of the Weihe River. If the Turks resolutely attack, Tang Jun will be defeated and Chang 'an will be lost. Li Shimin, the master of art, is very bold. He only took five followers to talk to Li Jie Khan on the temporary bridge above Wei River. Among these six people, Gao Shilian and Fang are among them, and the others have no historical records.
First, compensation?
Li Shimin and Li Jie Khan negotiated directly, and the two sides signed a peace agreement. After Li Jiehan got gold, silver, silk and other property, the whole army retreated. As for how much Li Shimin paid, there is no record in the history books. However, according to legend, Li Shimin almost emptied the gold, silver and fabrics in the treasures of the Tang Dynasty at that time. East Turkistan has been satisfied since Khan, and the Turkish army will never return empty-handed.
At first glance, according to historical records, it seems that Li Khan retreated for fear of the military power of the Tang Dynasty and lost something. This is a very unconventional war.
Yiyou (August 30, 626), fortunately, took a temporary bridge, formed an alliance with Li Jie's criminal Baima, and the Turks withdrew. On the third day of September, Jie Li provided 3000 horses and 10000 sheep. (Old Tang Book)
I met with Li Khan twice, the first time was August 28th, and the second time was August 30th. After signing the peace treaty and handing in the materials, Li Khan retired. As for the 3,000 horses and10,000 sheep proposed by Li Jiehan, Li Shimin did not accept them, but asked Li Jiehan to release the prisoners.
Valerian offered three thousand horses and ten thousand sheep, but the emperor refused to accept them and was captured by me. (New Tang Book)
What is more obvious here is the brushwork in the Spring and Autumn Period. Jie Li Khan plundered the borders of the Tang Dynasty many times and gave them to the Tang Dynasty so kindly. This time, the alliance of Weishui can be successfully reached. Li Shimin only took six people to ride on the temporary bridge in Weishui to talk with Jie Li Khan. Suddenly, the Turkish monarch and his subjects were shocked. The deployment of suspected soldiers was also very successful, so that East Turkistan did not know the military strength of the Tang Dynasty and dared not attack rashly. In addition, the East Turkistan marched into Chang 'an only for money. As long as the property needs of the East Turkistan are met, the troops will naturally retreat and will not fight an uncertain war.
Second, be a vassal?
In addition, for Emperor Taizong of Li Shimin, the most shameful thing should be the submission of East Turkistan. This matter should not be concluded by Li Shimin, but by Tang Gaozu. Before the Tang Dynasty was established, heroes came forth in large numbers. In order to stabilize their sphere of influence, many uprising separatist forces surrendered to the Prime Minister of East Turkistan, including Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande, Wang, Li Gui and Guo. , recorded as follows:
The chaos in the Sui Dynasty began with Khan Li Si, and many people in China followed him. Dou Jiande, Xue Ju, Liu Wuzhou, Liang, Li Gui, Wang, etc. were all opinionated and looked at each other. The string controls a million, and the strength of Rong Di is unprecedented in ancient times. (New Tang Book)
At the end of Sui Dynasty, the East Turkistan was powerful, with an army of one million. Northern minorities surrendered in succession, and separatist forces in the Central Plains also surrendered to East Turkistan. Tang Gaozu made a fortune in Taiyuan, and he also arranged for Liu Wenjing to hold peace talks with the Turks. So many separatist forces and ethnic minorities in the north have surrendered to the Turks. Is glutinous rice balls an exception? Besides, Taiyuan is so close to the sphere of influence of East Turkistan. It can be inferred that Li Yuan reached an oral peace agreement with the Turks at that time. Whether Li Yuanzhang belongs to Turks remains to be verified, and it is very likely that Li Yuanzhang belongs to Turks. The purpose is to maintain the stability of Taiyuan and lay the foundation for world hegemony, which is an expedient measure. In view of the great influence of the Tang dynasty, the spring and autumn brushwork was adopted here, which covered up the real history.
Li Shimin has made great achievements in military service. As soon as he acceded to the throne, he was forced by the East Turkic Khan to sign the Weihe League. This is a typical door-to-door alliance and capital signing. And may compensate a lot of property. This is what Li Shimin is most ashamed of.
The demise of East Turkistan.
In fact, the East Turkistan did not wage war against the Tang Dynasty in Weishui, and its internal discord has also been exposed. At this time, the arrogant opposition has appeared.
In 627, Xue Yantuo, a Uighur who surrendered to the Turks, rebelled against East Turkistan. The Tang Dynasty immediately seized the opportunity and named Xue Yantuo Khan. Tulic Khan of East Turkistan (son of Prime Minister Bik Khan) led an army to suppress the rebel tribes and suffered a crushing defeat. He was imprisoned by Jielikkhan for a long time before he was released. There is a split between Tulikhan tribe and Jielikhan tribe. When his troops declined, Jerihan asked his nephew Tulihan to provide troops, and his uncle and nephew turned against each other and attacked each other.
Tully Khan had contact with Li Shimin a long time ago. Under the attack of Li Jie Khan, Tuyuhun Khan led the people to the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin sealed the post of Khan, as recorded below:
(628) Sudden benefits, courtesy and kindness, drop out of school, worship the right-back general, seal the king of Beiping County, and eat 700 households. (New Tang Book)
At first, Xue Yantuo and Uighur rebelled and stood on their own feet. Later, Khan attached himself to the Tang Dynasty, and his power was greatly reduced.
In the autumn of 629, Li Shimin, with 65,438+10,000 troops, sent Li Jing as the general and sent Chai Shao, Xue Wanche and Li Ji to attack Khan in an all-round way. After the defeat, Li Jiehan surrendered to the Tang Dynasty in an attempt to save his power and make a comeback. Li Jing took advantage of the Tang Dynasty's peace talks to make Tang Jian negotiate and drink successfully in Lijiang Khan Camp, and raided Lijiang Khan Camp, and the last main force of East Turkistan was wiped out.
In March 630, Li Jiehan was captured on his way to Tuguhun, and East Turkistan perished. That year, Li Shimin reported the shame of the alliance at the gates!