Confucius and Mencius, the ancestor of Confucian culture in China, was born in Shandong and Zou during the Spring and Autumn Period, so later generations used "Zou Lu" to refer to areas with developed cultural etiquette. Fujian is called "Zou Lu by the Sea". It was originally called "Zou Lu" in Fuzhou, the capital of central Fujian. During the Northern Song Dynasty, people used "Zou Lu on the seashore" to describe "Chaoyang" (now Chaozhou). During the late Tang and Five Dynasties, Wang Chao and Wang were in charge of Fujian, which made great contributions to the development of Fujian's culture and education. According to the Records of Three Mountains, Volume 8, Gongwei and Temple Studies, Wang Chao was in Fuzhou in the first year of Ganning (894). Wang Chuan of the New Five Dynasties (68 years): After Wang came to power, "Li Corporal" paid attention to cultivating talents and "built four more classes of priests". He believes that "the establishment of schools is the source of education", so he built schools to educate children. Wang ordered all localities to "establish a state of emergency", so official schools, county schools and rural private schools were generally established. The schools built around the country are quite civilian, and the children of ordinary people have the opportunity to go to school, which greatly promotes the popularization of Chinese teaching in Fujian. All these prove that Fujian's culture and education developed rapidly and extensively in the Tang and Five Dynasties, and changed customs to Qilu divisions, and the prosperity of Confucianism was unique in the southeast. In addition, Fujian decided to give preferential treatment to the literati in the Central Plains, so scholars flocked to Fujian. Huang Ming Zhao Zhong's Ba Min Tong Zhi School said in volume 48: "Gaimin people have long known about learning, but it was not until Daxing School that it flourished. Since then, Fujian's cultural relics have been called' seaside Zou Lu' with the teeth of Chinese businessmen. " It can be seen that there was a custom of "Zou Lu" in Fujian in the early Tang Dynasty, but it was not taken seriously by the world. In Song Dynasty, it was recognized as "Zou Lu by the Sea" because of its "talent and elegance in Tang Dynasty". Records of the west lake quoted Du Min Ji and other old records, saying that Zhu was the West Gate of Fuzhou City (Yingxianmen), and the word "seaside Zou Lu" was hung upstairs.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, local schools were mainly academies, mostly run by the people. According to statistics, there are as many as 60 academies in Fujian. Fuzhou is the capital of Bamin and a place where cultural elites gather, so Confucianism is the most developed, with as many as 2 1 academies. Zhu said: "The study of Fuzhou is the most prosperous in the southeast." China feudal society from Sui Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. There are only 18 in Jinshi County all over the country, including 4 in Fujian Province. However, the number of Jinshi in Putian County has reached more than 1700, ranking first in Jinshi County of Fujian Province, followed by Jinjiang, Min County (now Fuzhou) and Jian 'an (now Nanping City), more than Fuzhou, and the latter has already included some talents in the province. Among them, there are more than 65,438+0,700 Jinshi in Putian County, and 7,065,438+0 Jinshi in Xianyou County established from Putian County in the early Tang Dynasty. Putian county has more than 2,400 scholars. It has also been recorded that one in every 42 people among the Jinshi in the Song Dynasty was Pu Xian. Moreover, only in the Song Dynasty, the number of people who won the first prize, the second prize, the flower exploration, the first prize and the first prize in other trials in Pu Xian also ranked first in Fujian. Among them, Mu Chen, Fang Tianruo, Cai Dian, Li Zongshi, Chen Junqing and Huang Ai won the first prize. Li Zhaoyuan has 1 person to explore flowers; There are six people, namely, Zheng Hou, Lin Bu, Wu Zhuchou, Zheng and Ye, who are endowed with the world. Lin Yu and Lin won the first place in other test sites, which is the most romantic imperial examination in the world.

What is even more peculiar is that the people of Putian not only created miracles in the history of imperial examinations in China, but also left many Hakka stories that are still widely circulated today. Such as "Nine Prizes for One Family" (descendants of Lin Pi, a Putian native in Tang Dynasty, with nine official secretaries), "Five Bachelor" (Tang Huangpu is a scholar, and his four sons are also listed in the library), "Two top scholars in one subject" (1076) and "Queya is on the same list" (65438). Queya has double marks (Huang Gongdu).

It is precisely because of Putian's amazing achievements, academic prosperity and numerous works in the imperial examination that as early as the Song Dynasty, Putian was famous as "the land of Fujian and Vietnam, the land of Zou and Lu" (Song Zhenzong's words), "the scholar of Xinghua" (praised by Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty), "the prosperity of Putian's words" (praised by Song Zhuxi) and "the house of Confucianism". Fujian is the red flag of the national college entrance examination, and Putian is the college entrance examination. It can be seen that emphasizing education and promoting learning is not only the foundation of Puxian culture's world-famous reputation, but also the most distinctive heirloom of Putian's "Zou Lu by the Sea". So later, "seaside Zou Lu" generally refers to the Chaoshan Putian area. Coastal Zou Lu includes Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Putian, Xianyou County (Zou Lu in the mountain), Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xinhui, Fuzhou, Jinhua (Zou Lu in the south of the Yangtze River) and Huizhou (Zou Lu in the southeast). Quanzhou is known as "coastal Zou Lu". What is Zou Lu by the Sea? Zou is the hometown of Mencius; Lu is the hometown of Confucius. The word Zou Lu is used to refer to a land of cultural prosperity. The seaside refers to Quanzhou. Therefore, "Zou Lu by the sea" means that Quanzhou is a place of cultural prosperity. This is a very important honor.

The history of Quanzhou is worthy of this reputation. Because, from the early Tang Dynasty, Changgun was appointed as an observer in Fujian, Quanzhou was one of the places that benefited earlier. Coupled with Ouyang Zhan's first scholar, Quanzhou people's enthusiasm for learning has been stimulated. It is not uncommon to look through Quanzhou's literature and praise culture and education. For example, when Gong Xue was built in Quanzhou, someone wrote: "Wenling is a famous country and a Neo-Confucianism article." When the Minglun Hall was built, someone said, "The whole army is the best in the world." At first glance, these comments may make people feel overrated. However, if combined with reality, you will feel that these comments are not excessive. For example, since the Tang Dynasty, there have been thousands of scholars in Quanzhou, and talents have emerged in large numbers. There have been many extremely unusual phenomena such as three generations of Jinshi, father-son Jinshi, Sun Jinshi and brother Jinshi. Among them, there are 33 fathers and sons, 22 grandparents and 24 brothers. No wonder some people who are superstitious about Feng Shui attribute it to the existence of Shuangyang Mountain in Quanzhou, where two peaks stand side by side, so there are so many "joint boarding" incidents.

Perhaps it is to carry forward the wind of "Zou Lu by the Sea". In the past, there was a "seaside Zoulu Pavilion" in front of the Confucius Temple in Quanzhou. There is Zhu Siqiao in front of this pavilion, followed by Fuzi Spring. There is a big plaque of "Zou Lu by the Sea" hanging in the pavilion, which is very beautiful and solemn. Zhu Siqiao's "Zhu Si" is the place where Confucius taught his disciples. There is a saying that "your master and I are between Zhu Si" in the Book of Rites, so later generations regard Zhu Si as a synonym for Confucianism. "Fuzi Spring" is a spring in memory of Confucius, and there is a saying that "drink a gourd ladle every day to enjoy his face".

Today's "deer pavilion by the sea" has been abolished, and the others are now Quanzhou Chinese vegetable market.