Speaking of Japanese ninja, we have to mention a well-known name in Japan-Hattori Shimada Hanzo.
The founder of Japanese Ninja is actually a real China person. At that time, the Yamato court itself was backward in science and technology, and foreigners with skills were very welcome to settle in Japan. As a result, a large number of special talents from China and North Korea flooded into Japan, settled in Kyoto, and then moved to nearby Yihe and Jiahe to live and work.
The Shimada Hanzo family in Hattori moved to Iga at this time. The original surname is Qin. Later, because they settled in Japan, in order to blend in with the local people, they changed their Japanese surnames and changed their names to Hattori, thus the Hattori family was born.
Hattori Shimada Hanzo devoted himself to the development of Japanese ninjas. During the Tokugawa period, the ninja family was highly valued by the ruling class because of its great efforts to help Tokugawa Ieyasu compete for the world.
The greatest contribution of Iga and Kaza to the cause of ninja is to systematize the theoretical basis and skills of ninja and compile the book of ninja cultivation-Wan Hai. Although the genre is different, the classic of ninja practice is Wan Ji Chuan Sea. The content of this book is all the theoretical basis and technical guidance for teaching ninjas how to perform Ninjutsu.
If you want to really understand ninja, you must first understand Ninjutsu. In fact, real endurance is just a transcendence in physical and spiritual pursuit. In fact, the theoretical basis of Ninjutsu evolved from Sun Tzu's The Art of War, which spread from China to Japan, and the Wan Ji Chuan Sea mentioned above is the best performance. Wan Ji Chuan Sea consists of six parts: Zheng Xin, the imperial edict, forbearance, Yang Ren, Shi Tian and forbearance.
"Wan Ji Chuan Sea" later became a must-read textbook for ninja cultivation. Tamia Liu and Sun Tzu's Art of War are two ancient works that have far-reaching influence on the overall development of Wan Ji Chuan Sea and Ninjutsu. It can also be seen that China's ancient military martial arts thoughts have laid a solid theoretical foundation for the future development of Japanese Ninjutsu, which is the proof that Ninjutsu really originated in China.
A ninja is a killer or an assassin, but more accurately, a ninja is a dead man. In their eyes, the other side is their biggest enemy.
Ninja's Action Motto ―― LAM Raymond Volcano.
Wind: It's swift, it's swift.
Lin: Quiet as a forest, quiet as a virgin, moving like a rabbit, looking for opportunities and giving your opponent a fatal blow.
Fire: as strong as fire, the attack intensifies.
Shan: As steady as Mount Tai, no matter how powerful the external force is, it is still unmoved.
In history, ninjas are divided into upper tolerance, middle tolerance and lower tolerance.
Shangren: Also known as "think tank forbearance", it specializes in planning the overall operational plan.
Zhong Ren: Commanders in actual combat must have outstanding endurance.
Lower forbearance: Also known as "physical forbearance", it is equivalent to a modern special soldier and a cannon fodder ninja.
The origin of Ninjutsu:
The theoretical basis of Ninjutsu is the Japanese art of war from China, which was developed by practicing Taoism and ambushing in the mountains. In peacetime, due to the rise of the samurai class, the art of ambush in the mountains was developed by the samurai. In the Yuan Ping era, he learned the Yuan Yijing of ambush in the mountains, successfully applied the skills of ambush in the mountains, and completed the theory of attack tactics. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Kusunoki Masashige developed defensive techniques.
Ninjutsu school:
During the Warring States period, Ninjutsu began to develop greatly, because Ninjutsu, martial arts and the art of war were badly needed in this era, but unlike the art of war and martial arts, Ninjutsu has its own uniqueness. There are the following areas where Ninjutsu is developed.
The genre of Ninjutsu uses the following place names as genre names:
Musashi, Jiafei, Yuehou and Nong Xin are four states, and Iga, Jiahe and Jiyi are three states, among which Ninjutsu in the last three states is the most developed in Japan.
Ninjutsu textbook "Wan Ji Chuan Sea"
Originally, before the Yamato national crusade, Yihe and Jiahe were both called here. Later, because in Muromachi and the Warring States period, the place names were separated during these two hundred years, so the schools gradually separated. However, although schools are separate, the classic of ninja training is the same book, which we call "Wan Ji Chuan Sea". This book has all the theoretical foundations and skills to teach ninjas how to practice Ninjutsu.
Why are the ninja skills of Iga and Kaga so developed?
Both Iga and Kaga are close to Nagoya, and they are located in a small closed basin surrounded by mountains and dangers, forming a small world of their own. However, their strategic position is very important. Because they are close to the central part of Feng Jingen, they are deeply influenced by Kyoto culture. There are many temples, monasteries and manors. Later, the manor system collapsed and local tyrants rose one after another. During the Warring States period, there were 60 such small lands. However, because the land is very small, everyone wants to seize each other's land, so each family will probably raise 30 or 40 soldiers to deal with the "enemy country" (this is very similar to the land struggle between Minnan villages in the land reclamation era of Taiwan Province Province, and some are similar to the struggle between Fujian tourists). The fierce competition here is beyond the imagination of outsiders. Local tyrants allied with each other, inquired about the enemy's situation and killed each other, which led to the local tyrants being hit. It's hard to get up again. No wonder this place with mountains and water and fierce fighting will become the base camp for the development of Ninjutsu. After a long time, a balance will gradually develop among local tyrants, and then Ninjutsu will begin to be crowned throughout the country.
Theoretical origin of Ninjutsu;
Ninjas are mostly farmers, not aristocratic warriors. Ninjutsu's ambush skills in the mountains come from the experience of mountain warfare living in Yamato, Yoshino, pommel horse, Genlai and Iga. Kyoto is the birthplace of the magic (Yin-Yang Road) used in Ninjutsu, because there are Tantric Benshan, such as Bi and so on not far away.
Wu Yun's face endurance comes from six paths and a cavity.
Immigrants and ninjas from China and South Korea, there are a large number of people from China and North Korea, because Daiwa Institute welcomes technicians from other places to settle in Japan. For example, many people moved to Japan from China and North Korea. These people usually settle in Kyoto, and then some people move to nearby Iga or Kaga to work.
In addition, there are many foreigners and naturalized people here (foreigners settle in Japan, become Japanese and change their surnames to Japan). For example, in the early days of the Tokugawa shogunate, due to the cooperation between Hattori Shimada Hanzo and Konka, many Iga and Kaga people moved to Edo with Hattori. Cimachi is a variant of Iga and Jiamachi. And the Shimada Hanzo Gate (the old house where Hattori Shimada Hanzo lived). His family is from China, surnamed Qin. Later, because he settled in Japan, he changed his Japanese surname to Hattori, and the Hattori family was born.
The influence of foreign craftsmen, coupled with the technology introduced from other places, such as gunpowder, took root here, so this is the place where Japan has made gunpowder for a long time. Other craftsmen have also taken root here, such as the master who makes handicrafts and plays with dolls ... All kinds of artists have come ... so there are many such people in Iga and Kaga. In this way, ninjas can engage in espionage in the future with the skills of many folk street performers. But in the society at that time, the status of such people was not noble (in their hometown of China and North Korea, the status of such people was not high, and the businessman was the last of the four ~, of course, Japan was divided into three classes: agriculture, industry and commerce, but scholars meant literati, that is, warriors). Takeda Shingen, the military commander of Ninja, is the most popular, because Shinhyun hates the secrets of his country very much. So he likes to cultivate ninjas, and he loves those ninjas who drive him to cultivate (he calls them "Luanbo") and "Sanshe" (which is also the name of Takeda family for ninjas). The origin of "Luan Bo" was that vagrants and unemployed people from three places, or bandits organized themselves and taught them fighting skills such as mountain warfare, so they became ninjas. Besides,
Tamaki Hideyoshi and Bee Beard He Xiaoliu:
As we all know, Yuchai Hideyoshi once relied on bees to congratulate Xiaoliu and eat rice at his house when there was no way. He Xiaoliu, a wasp, is a "night thief" who is active in MINO (bandits, better known as wild warriors, have not found an army to hire their master, and what's worse, they are mountain kings who rob money at night). Anyway, people who have worked in bandit groups are generally not poor, so they can be hospitable to let some people who have no food take refuge in him and eat at his house. Later, these people became loyal ministers because they helped Hideyoshi enter the Mexican stock market, and finally got rid of the robbers. But Nobunaga hates the rotten army with poor military discipline, so the bee must congratulate Xiao Liuhe and his bandit group for never stealing goods again. However, their good ability to steal chickens and touch dogs during the bandit period has become a good condition for being ninjas, so those people have become ninjas of the Uji army. Moreover, they have excellent ninja performance secrets in every major battle.
Ninja, like SUSI and geisha, has become an international language. Whether authentic Japanese or foreigners learning ninja skills, their images of ninjas are usually: dressed in black, able to fly over walls, leap over cities, call the shots, change stars and fight, and use all kinds of grotesque hidden weapons. Although this image is not accurate, it is also very close.
Ninja's job is mainly to carry out secret tactics, sabotage, assassination, collecting enemy frontline information, disturbing enemy reserve bases and other espionage activities for the Lord. Because you have to be anonymous before you die and live a dark life for life; You can't leave a few phrases in case you get caught in the future. So, when should the origin of Japanese ninja be traced back? No one dares to assert. However, in the secret book of Ninjutsu, it is recorded that Shoto Kutaishi (from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century) had a ninja named Da Companion. At present, although there are numerous schools of Ninjutsu in various parts of Japan, they will return to Iga (northwest of Mie Prefecture) and Kaga (south of Shiga Prefecture). I think many people may get the impression from cartoons and novels that the Iga Ninja Corps and the Kaga Ninja Corps are sworn enemies. Actually, it's not. Their ancestors are the same family, and most of them are related by blood. However, if their employers (monarchs) are hostile to each other, they will have to disagree (systematic filtering) and even become the result of brothers.
On the other hand, in order to facilitate the inheritance of Ninjutsu from generation to generation, they also had to intermarry frequently, which can be said to be a close relationship. If you think about it a little, you will know that once you grow up in this place, no matter whether you are a man or a woman, can you still marry and have children for family secrets? Moreover, there are usually female ninjas behind male ninjas. This kind of work is a matter of course unless I have been exposed to it since I was a child. Otherwise, one day my husband suddenly left without saying goodbye. Ordinary women who can stand not to be angry?
In the ninja world, there are four basic commandments: don't abuse Ninja (just for business), give up all self-esteem (it's important to run for your life), keep your mouth shut (even if you lose your life), and never reveal your identity (this is the most basic Ninja). There are three periods when ninjas are active: 1 1 Yuan Ping period from the end of the century to the end of 12 century, Southern and Northern Dynasties period from 13 century, and Warring States period from the middle of 14 century to the end of 15 century. The Warring States period can also be said to be an era when ninjas let go and a hundred schools of thought contend.
Ninjas are divided into "upper forbearance", "middle forbearance" and "lower forbearance". "forbearance", also known as "think tank forbearance", specializes in the overall plan of strategic operations. "Zhong Ren" is the commander in actual combat. Of course, patience must be outstanding. "Lower forbearance", also called "physical forbearance", is equivalent to modern special forces, ninjas who actually fight in the forefront. There is an obvious hierarchical relationship between them. Lower forbearance obeys middle forbearance, and middle forbearance obeys upper forbearance.
Introduction and Origin of Ninja
Ninja, like SUSI and geisha, has become an international language. Whether authentic Japanese or foreigners learning ninja skills, their images of ninjas are usually: dressed in black, able to fly over walls, leap over cities, call the shots, change stars and fight, and use all kinds of grotesque hidden weapons. Although this image is not accurate, it is also very close.
Ninja's job is mainly to carry out secret tactics, sabotage, assassination, collecting enemy frontline information, disturbing enemy reserve bases and other espionage activities for the Lord. Because you have to be anonymous before you die and live a dark life for life; You can't leave a few phrases in case you get caught in the future. So, when should the origin of Japanese ninja be traced back? No one dares to assert. However, in the secret book of Ninjutsu, it is recorded that Shoto Kutaishi (from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century) had a ninja named Da Companion.
1, the evolution of ninja names
The name Ninja has existed since the Edo period in Japan, but the history of Ninja began earlier. It is said that in Japan, it was Prince Desheng who sent "Ninja" to complete the task for the first time. At that time, ninjas were called "smart and convenient". According to the time and place, there are various titles. The following are the titles of ninjas in various periods at that time: Asuka period: "Willing to be able"; Nara era: Scout; Warring States Period: There are many names, and the most popular name is Luan Bo, which was named by Takeda Shingen. Edo Age: Ninja.
Although it was formally established in the Edo era, it was from this era that Japan entered a peaceful period ruled by the Tokugawa family for a long time, and its activities on the historical stage became less and less. Due to the loss of the stage of activities, ninjas gradually disappeared on the stage of history. So much so that many ninja skills have been lost. The last record of ninja activities is that in the "Shimahara Rebellion" of 1637, ninjas fought as the deployment of the shogunate.
2. The origin of Ninjutsu.
Ninjutsu, also known as occultation. There are different opinions about the origin of Ninjutsu and Ninja. Some people in China think that Ninjutsu originated from the Five Elements of Han Dynasty in China, and later spread to Japan. Like karate, judo, Shaolin Temple boxing and other Japanese martial arts, Ninjutsu is a kind of martial arts with Japanese characteristics that gradually developed after the ancient martial arts from China were introduced to Japan. Wan Hai, the authoritative work of Ninjutsu, pointed out that the root of Ninjutsu thought came from China and Jiang Taigong during the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. It was he who first put forward the concept of Ninjutsu and wrote it in Liu Tao, a masterpiece handed down from ancient times. Later, Sun Wu, Sean and Han Xin successively perfected the theory of Ninjutsu. In particular, Sun Wu's The Art of War has been highly praised by the ninja class. At this time, Ninjutsu has basically formed the embryonic form composed of tactics, formation, yin and yang, skills and so on. With the spread of Ninjutsu to Japan, Ninja appeared and developed in Japan.
The Japanese believe that the theoretical basis of Ninjutsu evolved from Sun Tzu's Art of War, which was introduced by China, and then developed into practicing Daoism and ambushing in the mountains, which is the so-called "wind, forest, fire and mountain". In the Heian period, after the rise of the samurai class, the art of war in mountain ambush was absorbed and developed. In the Yuan Ping era, Yuan Yijing successfully used the skill of ambush in the mountains and completed the theory of attack tactics. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Kusunoki Masashige developed defensive techniques. At this point, Ninjutsu and Wushu were separated into different systems and formally independent.
Immigrants from China and North Korea are also closely related to the development of ninjas. Because ancient Japan was very backward, the Japanese government welcomed China immigrants with highly developed science, technology and culture to settle in Japan, so Koreans influenced by Chinese civilization were also welcome. The Japanese call these immigrants "naturalized people" (although welcome, they are still discriminatory. It is difficult for immigrants to enter the upper class, nor can they follow the language and culture of their original place of residence, so they have to change their names to Japanese. These ancient skilled immigrants brought a lot of advanced scientific technology and cultural knowledge to Japan, such as pottery making, armor and clothing technology, China martial arts and so on, which decisively promoted the development of Japanese Ninjutsu. Because ninjas mostly come from farmers at the bottom of society, not aristocratic soldiers. Therefore, as immigrants who are difficult to be accepted by the upper class, "naturalized people" have also entered the ninja industry in large numbers. "Naturalized people" usually settled in Kyoto, and then a large number of people moved to nearby Iga or Kaga to live, which is also the main reason for the abnormal development of Ninjutsu in the two places. For example, the famous Hattori Shimada Hanzo was born in China. His surname is Qin, and Qin's family crossed the sea from Wu in China at the end of the third century and the beginning of the fourth century (the traditional name of Japanese kimono is "Wu Fu", which was taken from Wu of Qin's family), and later it was changed to Hattori. Hattori Shimada Hanzo defected to Tokugawa Ieyasu and later moved to Edo. Legend has it that this ninja finally realized the true meaning of forbearance, which many generations of ninjas have never seen. So far, the Japanese have always mentioned him and praised the legend of "Ghost Shimada Hanzo".