After Qin unified the six countries, the Huns had long-term contact with the Central Plains, and their weapons and equipment were enhanced, posing an increasing threat to them. Especially at this time, Qin unified the six countries, completely occupied the Hetao area, and regarded it as its own horse farm, which seriously threatened Yunzhong, Yanmen and the monk army. To the south of these three important towns are plains, which point directly to Xianyang. After the unification of the six countries, Qin Shihuang began to fight against Xiongnu, and the preparations for this battle began in 220 BC.
First of all, in this year, Qin Shihuang hurried north to inspect Longxi, Beidi and other important towns and returned to Xianyang from Shang Jun. At the same time, he set up three granaries in Huang, Langya and Langya as backup. Meng Tian was ordered to be stationed in Shang Jun to sum up the experience of fighting against Xiongnu.
In 2 14 BC, the main force of commander Meng Tian attacked the eastern part of Shang Jun from the Great Wall in the north; Yang Wengzi led a division from Xiaoguan to attack the west of the Great Wall. Due to lack of preparation, the Huns lost to Qin Jun's powerful attack and were defeated one after another. Qin then took all the land south of the Yellow River and set up 24 counties. Move thousands of families to Hetao for land reclamation.
The reason why there is no detailed record in the history books is simple, because the war is unstoppable. First of all, there are 300,000 Red Soldiers, who are troops at the time of the reunification of the six countries, and can recruit good fighters (not farmers in military uniforms). The purpose of this war is also obvious. It aims to recover the area south of the Yellow River, but does not reach the north of the Yellow River. It works by attacking the encirclement, not killing each other. At that time, the Huns had a population of more than one million, and there were 300,000 soldiers who could participate in the war. But we know that the Xiongnu's lair is in Mongolian grassland after all, and crossing the Yellow River to the south of the Yellow River is only a part.
In addition, Qin Jun's weapons and equipment are far superior to those of Xiongnu. Xiongnu's equipment, at this time, Xiongnu has not mastered the technology of smelting iron and copper. Their iron products are bought from us in small quantities. This was limited in ancient times. So their arrow clusters are all made of bones, and the iron ones are too extravagant. However, the arrow cluster made of bones is difficult to penetrate the armor of the cockroach. Their most deadly weapon for stingers is a knife, but only nobles can equip it. As for what to wear, they are basically animal skin products. Let's take a look at the equipment of the pool. First of all, the crossbow of the Qin dynasty has a range of 800 meters, which is farther than the current pistol, and it has a aiming system. The cavalry were uniformly equipped with bows and arrows, so the Qin cavalry led the horse in one hand and used the bow in the other. Small range 150 meters, big can reach 900 meters (Huns will never reach this scale). The chariot (that is, the ancient armored force) not only carried his son and his brother, but also was "equipped with bows and arrows". Melee weapons are long-handled knives, spears, halberds, short-handled machetes and swords, all made of iron. Armor is made of metal leaves and every soldier is equipped with it. It can be seen that the construction is not very expensive, but this stunt has been lost. In the Ming dynasty, ordinary soldiers basically had no armor, mostly plasma armor or leather armor, and the armor worn by generals was heavy and expensive.
Tactically, Huns generally rush in, and Chiyou soldiers form a phalanx (everyone who has seen TV plays knows it, so Bing Gu calls it an army). In combat, crossbows are used first (powerful enough to penetrate the underground wall and disrupt the enemy formation), and then the infantry archers shoot back (not with their hands, but with soldiers lying down, pulling arrows with their hands and using their pedals), so there is a feature in pool shooting. Then the spearmen and spears lay flat and lined up to run forward. The cavalry dispersed under the attack of two wings. In this case, the Huns can only run. Because in terms of individual combat capability, Huns are far from Chi. Xiongnu soldiers are amateurs after all, and their equipment level is very poor. Chi is a professional. In fact, the earliest large-scale battle against Xiongnu recorded in history books was Li Mu of Zhao, who led170,000 soldiers to fight against Xiongnu in Hetao, defeated Xiongnu with150,000 riders, and made Xiongnu dare not invade the border for ten years. At this time, Zhao was defeated by Qin. In this case, Zhao can defeat the Huns, not to mention Qin.
As for the saying that' Hu people dare not go south to herd horses', going south means going south to the Yellow River. In fact, the reason is very simple, because when the Qin Dynasty perished, there were150,000 soldiers guarding the Great Wall. Wang Jian's grandson, Wang Li, is the main force of the Qin Dynasty-Meng Jiajun. Before, when Qin Shihuang died, that is, three years before the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the general guarding the Great Wall was Meng Tian with 300,000 troops. Then you have to think about it. There are 300,000 Red Army troops in this place. Who dares to release their horses in this place? This is not death. It is impossible for Huns to have hundreds of thousands of troops accompanying them every time they go to this place to release their horses. At least 300 thousand is not enough. And the Qin dynasty is like killing people, especially soldiers, according to the head of merit, so chi eagerly waiting for the huns, huns nature can't be stupid enough to touch this MeiTou.
However, after the relocation of the flies, the Huns did not come, so there was a story of the siege of Emperor Gaozu. This year was at the end of 20 1 BC and the beginning of 200 BC. What is the reason? It was after the evacuation of the Great Wall that the Huns saw the opportunity and crossed the Yellow River to Hetao, in order to occupy our territory. In this year, Emperor Gaozu conspired to surrender to Han Xin, and Han Xin was arrested in Chang 'an and demoted to Huaiyin. At that time, there were rumors that only Han Xin could fight in the whole Han Dynasty, which made him unlucky. Once when he was drinking with Han Xin, he asked Han Xin how many soldiers he could take. Han Xin said he could take up to 100,000 men. Emperor gaozu is unhappy. He thought he was good at fighting, so he took 320,000 people to conquer the Huns. The result can be imagined. There are five reasons. First, the Xiongnu at this time is not the Xiongnu in the Qin Dynasty, because he still has a lean figure, Modu. He not only unified the Huns, but also annexed Loulan, Yuezhi, Dingling, Hunyu, Qushe, Qian Kun and Ren Li. Loulan and Yueshi are ancient countries and can make weapons, so the Huns changed their guns. Second, there are more Xiongnu soldiers than Han soldiers, up to more than 400 thousand, and they are all cavalry. Third, Liu Bang underestimates his enemy and his own ability is limited. Before the battle began, the soldiers were in chaos. I didn't choose the right time. I chose winter. Han people are not cold-tolerant, so many soldiers were frostbitten before the war. Fourth, rebellion. In particular, Hanwang betrayed Han and defected to Xiongnu. So this battle was surrounded by Baden. Fifth, the composition of Han soldiers is different. Some of them are regular troops, but most of them are able-bodied men or criminals. Generally speaking, all those who can be independent were killed by Liu Bang, and the rest, such as Fan Kuai and Xia Houying, are very old.
However, it can also be seen from this war that the fighting capacity of Xiongnu is not as strong as we thought. More than 400,000 troops besieged Deng Bai for seven days and seven nights without attacking. What's the situation in the city? After four or five days without eating, 23/ 10' s fingers were frozen stiff (it was much colder in winter then than now). Later, Chen Ping's plan was used to bribe Xiongnu E Shi (Empress), and the Han army was able to escape. This is obviously untrue. As a once-in-a-thousand-year-old politician of Huns, modu chanyu can't be fooled. The main reason is that he can't attack, just because Chen Ping's strategy gave him a step down, and he simply let Liu Bang go.
The reason why Xiongnu soldiers are tough is mainly because in the past few decades, Xiongnu and Han people have been friendly, learned the technology of smelting iron and learned the art of war summed up by Han people for thousands of years. In addition, they are the inherent advantages of nomadic people, so they gradually surpassed the Han army.