Yunmen temple was founded in Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty for three years (AD 407). Ten States, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties have a history of 1700 years, which can be described as one of the oldest ancient temples in China. According to historical records, Wang Xianzhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, lived here in seclusion. Yunmen temple used to be the former residence of Wang Xianzhi, the seventh son of Wang Xizhi, a Chinese secretary. It is said that Wang Xianzhi once gave up his house as a temple. In 407, in the third year of Emperor Andi's reign, a colorful auspicious cloud suddenly appeared on the roof of Wang Xianzhi's house at the foot of the Qin Dynasty. Wang Xianzhi reported it to the emperor. When Emperor Jin learned that his former residence had been rebuilt as "yunmen temple" by imperial edict, he renamed the stone bridge in front of him as "Wuyun Bridge", where the Silk Road, a monk, lived. Zhu Fakuang and Zhu successively recruited it. It is recorded in Jiatai Huizhi that "Wang Xianzhi Yunmen Mountain's former residence was built in yunmen temple." Ming Wanli's Records of the Meeting (Volume 16) and Yuji's Records of yunmen temple said: "The temple was written in Chinese books to make Wang Xianzhi's former residence". Yunmen temple in history is very large. Yunmen temple was very busy in its heyday. Lu You wrote in Yunmen Shoushengyuan: "yunmen temple has been famous all over the world since the Jin and Tang Dynasties. The old man said that when the past was prosperous, mountains and rivers merged, towers were repeated, rocks crossed the valley (hè), and gold and jade danced. Those who live in it forget their old age, and those who live in it forget to return. Tourists all over the world are very tired. They often get lost. Although people in the temple are not allowed to swear (dí) in the tenth month. " This shows the grand occasion of that year. According to the records in the Records of Huiji County in Kangxi and the Map of yunmen temple, we can see that after entering the canyon, we first saw a stone archway with the words "Yunmen Ancient Temple", then the stone archway with the words "Yunmen Ancient Temple in Li Zhuo", Xuejiao Pagoda, Wuyunshan Pavilion and Huogong Pagoda, and then walked across Wuyun Bridge to the front of the mountain in yunmen temple. As can be seen from the picture, there was a maple forest in front of the temple in yunmen temple at that time. There are two long wings on each side of the temple. There are Tiemenxian, Xifeng Pavilion Tomb, Wang Zijing Bizhuo and Wang Zijing Mountain Pavilion around the temple (the book says: Tang Gaozong died in March of the second year of Shang Dynasty (675), and Wang Bo, a famous writer and the first of the "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty", presided over the grand occasion of "cloning" Wang Xizhi and others in the Lanting Qushui of Wang Zijing Mountain Pavilion in yunmen temple. ), Xiyan Lake, Bairu Pavilion, Wuyun Mountain, etc. In addition, besides the main temple, there are "Jing Guan Yuan" (otherwise "Jing Guan Yuan" and "Zhi Shuo"), Shao Teachers College and "Sir Yuan" (Mr. Yunmen Temple is located in front of Yuren Mountain in the southeast of Shaoxing City) in yunmen temple. In the second year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (955), the monk Yao Chong built it in front of Shibi Peak of Zhengmi Temple. First named Xiansheng Academy (Yunmen Kanjing Academy). In the second year of the Song Dynasty (996), in September, Xiansheng Temple was changed. There is a prince pen bin behind the yard, which is actually a well. In the Yuan Dynasty, temples were destroyed. In the 22nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1594), Zhang invited Zen Master Yuancheng (Zhan Ran) to rebuild the piedmont temple and open the Xiansheng Temple in Fayunmen.
The whole temple is built on the mountain, covering an area of 1.33 million square meters, with more than 200 halls and temples. 19 (1930), there were more than 200 monks. In 32 years, some temples were burned by Japanese invaders. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory in 34 years, abbot Yuan Xiang's business was bleak, and his old views were hard to recover. 1949, there are 22 monks. 195 1 year, temples abandoned and houses changed. ), Guangxiao Temple (In front of Guangxiao Temple, there is a tablet of Song Gaozong's book "The Hall of Loyalty and Light", which is more than a foot high. There is a Tomi Dojo in the temple, and the monk takes pictures of the book. There is a beautiful pavilion outside the door, engraved with Tang Xian's poems. There is a talent tower in front of the temple. There is an excellent Champs Elysé es in the temple, which used to be the place where the disciples of Zen Master Zhiyong lived. Yunmen temple chisel dark sill, just put the right army "handicraftsmen" original on the beam, emperor Taizong suggested Xiao Yi, as a plan. ), Guangfuyuan (former residence), Yagu Temple and other temples. Later, the main temple declined, and the sub-temples were not established as temples, such as Xiansheng Temple, Yongxi Temple and Shousheng Temple. These independent monasteries, together with yunmen temple itself, were then called "four monasteries in one mountain", "one master and four deputies" or "four in one book". However, in the eyes of local believers, these temples are usually regarded as yunmen temple. In addition, there are many temples and security halls nearby. "Cloud Gate" is just a general term. To the Song Dynasty, Yunmen was divided into six temples: Xiaoguang, Mister, Yongxi, Puji, Mingjue and Yunmen. The Ming Wanli Hui Ji Zhi has been published for sixteen years: "There are six temples in Yunmen today: Xiaoguang, where eunuchs live; Go to the temple to talk about recovery; Look at the scholastics and show the saints; Bored and excited, the courtyard is early and happy; West is called Puji; In the south, Mingjue has its own attractions. " It serves to show the grand occasion at that time. Yunmen temple once occupied an important position in the history of Buddhism in China. All the abbots were famous monks at that time. For example, the first abbot, yóu, was a famous monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Subsequently, Fakuang, Zhu (1), Zhi Dun, Hong Ming, Zhi Yong, Zhiguo, Yuan Xin, Jing Ting, eloquence, permission, courtesy, Wang Men, etc. They are all a generation of eminent monks, especially Zhi Dun and Tan Yi. The former created the theory that "color is empty", while the latter created it. It had a great influence on the development of Buddhism in China, among which Ge Xiang Yingcai Hall was the most popular among scholars. Cai Bian is a lawyer in yunmen temple and a proud disciple of Sun Zhiyong, the seventh son of Wang Xizhi. Ge Xiang, where he lived before his death, was certainly valued by later generations. Ge Xiang's name comes from the unique fragrance of Yunmen. Song Wenzhi's "Stay in yunmen temple" says: "Tianxiang is full of people." Sun Miao's "Reward 10,000, Congratulations to Nine Clouds, Return to the Gate and Stream" said: "Tianxiang is full of sleeves." Meng Haoran's Poems on yunmen temple says: "The fragrance world rests in the pavilion." Sun Miao's "Stay in yunmen temple Pavilion" says: "At the foot of Dongshan Mountain in Ge Xiang, fireworks are quiet outside." Sun Miao lives in Ge Xiang compound instead of Yandong courtyard, so he should consider it psychologically. (According to Li Bao, an observer of eastern Zhejiang in the middle and late years of Xuanzong, he went to Yunmen and lived in Ge Xiang Courtyard, leaving behind the poem Suyunmen Ge Xiang Courtyard. ) Lanting Preface is hidden on the beam sill of Ge Xiang, and poets should pay tribute to it. Another "inn" should be the East Guest House, namely Yandong Building and yunmen temple Reception Building. Entrusted by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Xiao Yi lived here when he came to Yunmen to defraud the Preface to Lanting. Xiao Yi has a poem "Suyunmen East Guest House". When the poet first arrived in Yunmen, he used this poem to make friends with discerning talents and win their favor.
Historically, yunmen temple also had contacts with overseas Buddhist monks. For example, the founder of abbot Cunninghamia lanceolata (formerly known as Duan Langong) went to Japan to preach Buddhism for 30 years, which established a good friendship foundation for Sino-Japanese Buddhist exchanges. Yunmen temple was once famous in the history of our country, and emperors of all dynasties attached great importance to this temple. Emperors such as Emperor Jin 'an, Liang Wudi, Emperor Taizong, King Wu Yue, Song Taizu, Song Taizong, Song Gaozong, Qing Shunzhi, Kangxi and Qianlong. They have paid great attention to yunmen temple, or given titles, monuments, or various awards.
"Ten peaks ancient tour, the road into the cloud gate is as steep as a ladder. Delicate and gradually divided into the mausoleum of the Qin Dynasty, the cold sound is still in the west. " Yunmen temple, as a temple jungle with beautiful nymphs and quiet environment, has especially become the object of landscape appreciation by literati in past dynasties. Many famous poets, literati and Buddhist monks in the past dynasties also came here to live and learn from their teachers. After the Jin Dynasty, many poets stopped going. For example, in the Six Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, Xie and his younger brothers, called Xie and Xie, used to row boats and write poems in the Prince's Pavilion in Jingshan. "Xie Lingyun and Huilian couplets, carved on the edge of the tree (lonely pool)" (volume 10 of Jiatai Huiji Zhi). Although Wang Ji, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, wrote only two poems, he also wrote the eternal quatrain "The cicada withered the forest is quieter, and the Yin Gong Mountain is more secluded". During the Liang Dynasty, He Yin once lived in yunmen temple like a wild mountain (Volume 14 of Jiatai Records). Monk Hongyan once stopped here and wrote the famous poem "yunmen temple". The Six Dynasties were so romantic. Tang Dynasty poets Meng Haoran, Bai Juyi and Li Bai (according to an unchanging habit in my life, Li Taibai visited Zhejiang four times and went to the rooftop three times, leaving many poems in Shaoxing area, all of which were about the Cloud Gate, such as "Jade Cave Seeks a Stream, Cloud Gate Separates a Deep Ridge"). Du Fu (Du Fu never forgets his trip to Vietnam in his youth, and when he was writing poems for his friends, he actually sighed, "Monks look at teenagers, yunmen temple, if you are in the west field, I am alone in the mud, and shoes and socks will start from now on". ), Du Mu, Song (Song, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, created the romantic style of Vietnamese Tang poetry). , Cui Hao, Fang Gan (Qian),,, Qin Department, Yuan Zhen (zhěn), Liu Changqing, Wei,, (Wang Bo, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, in the first year of Yongchun (692), led a poet in eastern Zhejiang to cultivate the Prince Jingshan Pavilion in Yunmen, and Yunmen offered a preface to the cultivation of the pavilion. Perhaps Wang Bo was still wanting more, so he practiced it again in the autumn of the same year, wrote the Preface to the Autumn Banquet Pavilion in Yuezhou, and then there was the Dali Zhedong Choir (57 poets). Wang Wei, Yuan Yuan, Bai Tianle, etc. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yunmen literati still attached importance to it. Literary giants in the Song Dynasty, such as Fan Zhongyan, Lu You, Su Dongpo, Su Shunqin and Wang Anshi. For the poets who lived in Luyou during the Southern Song Dynasty, it was even a younger reading place. Lu You mentioned Yunmen in many poems and wrote Yunmen Shoushengyuan Ji. Xin Qiji, a former secretariat of eastern Zhejiang, climbed Qinshan after Yunmen. Write it down. Liu Ji (Liu Bowen), the founding strategist of Ming Dynasty (Liu Bowen lived in Yunmen of Ming Dynasty for many days, leaving a lot of poems. You Yunmen Ji, Qingyuan Pavilion Ji who once lived in Puji from Yunfeng, Ji Shen Ji who passed Mingjue Temple, Ji Ji Jing Sheji and Living Water Ji are all written here). , Xu Wei, Chen Hongshou (after Ming Taizu's death, Chen Hongshou, Qi Zhijia and other ten people became monks in yunmen temple, forming a club of ten people). , Dong Qichang, Zhang Yuan Tuan (No.1 scholar in Ming Dynasty, Zhang Yuan Tuan) wrote five volumes of Yunmen Zhilue. ), Liu, etc. They crossed the beautiful Ruoye Creek and came to yunmen temple, a scenic spot of Buddhist altar and calligraphy circle. Qian Qi, Du Fu, Sun Yi, Li Bao, Li Mixun, Yu Ji, Jin Juan, Wang Siren, etc. And left many immortal poems and words praising yunmen temple. Monks in yunmen temple set up a plaque in front of the temple, leaving behind the masterpieces of these great poets, which are called "Curie Pavilion". For example, Xiuze (19th) Preface of Cloud Gate Offering a Mountain Pavilion in Tang Dynasty, yunmen temple's Preface of Poetry in Tang Dynasty, A Trip to yunmen temple in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, A Trip to Cloud Gate in Taoshan by Song Dengmu, Shoushengyuan by Lu You in Song Dynasty, Yunmen Collection by Yuan Yunruo and Yunmen by Yuan Yuji. The Tang Dynasty in yunmen temple became the starting point of the road of Tang poetry in eastern Zhejiang, and Du Fu "started with green shoes, cloth and socks". Became a swan song forever. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 50 poems directly chanting Yunmen in the whole Tang Dynasty, and countless poets have been to Yunmen in the Tang Dynasty. Cloud Gate is a must-see place in Vietnam. According to the Tang Dynasty poets who walked through the road of Tang poetry in eastern Zhejiang, there are more than 400 celebrities here, and people who come to Yunmen will spend the night here, so Yunmen is the first celebrity inn in the world. Yunmen temple, a clean Buddhist resort, is also an inspirational choice for scholars. Wang Xianzhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Lu You, a great patriotic poet in the Song Dynasty, studied hard here when he was young, leaving the former site of Yunmen Caotang where he studied. In addition, there are several stories that have been told in the cultural history of China, such as the story of "Returning the Pen to the Tomb" and "The Iron Threshold", in which a wise monk practiced calligraphy hard and finally became famous. Emperor Taizong appreciated Wang Xizhi's masterpiece of calligraphy, and specially supervised the story of Xiao Yi, the imperial adviser, who tricked the monk into defrauding the original book Preface to Lanting, which is known as "the best running script in the world" in yunmen temple. The cloud gate is known because of the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion. Wang Xizhi wrote the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion in Yin Shan, which is well known to the world, but few people know that the cloud gate in Huiji is the place where the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion was lost. There is a chapter in the romance novels of the Tang Dynasty called "Preface to the Lost Orchard Pavilion in Cloud Gate". The story says: Monk Zhiyong is the seventh grandson of Wang Xizhi and the descendant of Wang Huizhi (the fifth son of Wang Xizhi). The teenager and his brother Xiao Bin (Hui Xin) join hands at Jiaxiang Temple in Mount Qin. Proficient in Prajna Buddhism and Chinese classics, good at Zen silence, rare in the world, good at book titles. Zhiyong lived in Yongxin Temple (Emperor Yang Di valued Zhiyong and Zhixin and named Yongxin Temple, namely yunmen temple). The book on the pavilion has been posted for more than 30 years, and the pen has been returned and placed in a big bamboo coffin. The coffin is as big as a stone, and all five coffins are full. Instead, it was named "Return the Pen Tomb". People who come to ask for books and topics, such as the city, live at the threshold and are wrapped in iron leaves, which is called "iron gate limit" Among his disciples, the famous calligraphers are Zhiguo, Shi Shu, Shi Te, Cai Bian and Yu Shinan. Zhi Yong's great contribution in the history of China's calligraphy art has two aspects: first, he developed the purport of "eight methods of eternal words" and gradually became a master of literati in Sui and Tang Dynasties; Secondly, The Collection of Thousand-character Essays opened the wind of calligraphers writing "Thousand-character Essays". There are 800 copies of Zhi Yong's portrait, Qian Zi Wen, and one copy of temples in eastern Zhejiang, which makes people write temporarily, and then becomes the first children's book in China. Mi Fei, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, said that Zhiyong's thousands of words are "beautiful, moist and energetic, and all sides are ready". Zhiyong is named after it, which means "to gain eternal words and wisdom". He is indeed an outstanding monk and great calligrapher in China. He also made his own inscription system, so he stopped writing books. One hundred years old and two years old. After Zhiyong's death, he spread the Preface to Lanting to Cai Jian. Tang Taizong loved calligraphy in his later years, especially the two kings. He collected a lot of Wang Xizhi's book stickers, but the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion only heard its name, so it reached the dream realm. Later, when I learned that Cai Bian had the Preface to Lanting, I ordered him to work in the infield in Beijing, which was very generous. I want to trick him into giving it to Mo Bao. Distinguish is ready, he wrote in the poem "To Call Taizong":
Don't let the clouds close at hand, the meditation room is empty.
Even if the imperial court is expensive, it is like a white cloud. After arriving in Beijing, eloquence asserted that the Preface to Lanting was lost in the chaos, and I don't know where it is. Emperor Taizong had no choice but to release him to Vietnam. Emperor Taizong refused to give up and was ordered to go to Beijing. He asked the whereabouts of the Preface to Lanting again, three times. That is, as recorded in Tongzhi, Emperor Taizong summoned three times to identify talents and inquire about the whereabouts of his Lanting Post.
Shang Shu's right servant shot Fang, seeing that Taizong was eager to find treasure, he suggested supervising Shi Xiaoyi to go to Vietnam to find out his whereabouts. Xiao Yi, whose real name is Shiyi, is the great-grandson of Xiao Yi, Emperor of Liang Yuan. He is brilliant and resourceful. After accepting Taizong's will, he came to Yuezhou with two miscellaneous posts, pretending to be a scholar in Shandong and heading for Yunmen. At dusk, I entered the temple, patrolled the gallery and looked at the murals. After passing through the eloquence courtyard, my eloquence was far away. After the warm and cold, the language is agreed. Because I extended to the room and talked about literature and history, and got the same meaning. I stayed all night that day. When it comes to calligraphy, Xiao said: all my calligraphy was handed down by my disciples. My disciples came to learn it when they were young, and now there are several posts. Distinguish talents and say happily: come tomorrow and compare. Wing published his book in time to show his talent. In detail, it is "enough, but not good." It is unusual to be original. " . Wing asked what post? The debater said: Lanting. Wing Zhuang said with a smile: "After many confusions, is the original work still there?" Must be a false ear? " ? So the debater told the truth and told him to come and see it tomorrow. When you get to the fender, you can tell it from the window sill on the roof beam. See the end of the wing, refute the defect refers to the category: fruit is also a book. Since the release of The Lanting Gathering, Cai Bian was no longer satisfied with Liang's position, and the positions of the two kings, he and Xiao Yi, were preserved between several cases. He was over 80 years old when he was studying, and he read under the window several times a day. Naturally, with the return of Yongan, Tong Di and others no longer doubt it. One day, Cai Bian went out to Yan Qian's home in the south of Lingbi Bridge and came to the door at the age of one. He and the case privately took the Preface to Lanting Collection and the Post of Two Kings of the Imperial Palace to Yongan Post, told him the identity of the post director and asked him to repay you. The charity (that is, sister-in-law Dou Jiande) heard of it and came to worship. Xiao Yi's statement is reasonable. He is good at training people's ability to recognize talents, and he is also a pupil in the room. Xiao Yi reported that he was sent to take Lanting, and now Lanting is here, so he told his teacher to leave. It takes a long time to start talking, and you will definitely be defeated.
When Emperor Taizong saw the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion, he praised Fang as a man, rewarded him with thousands of brocade, worshiped Yuan Wailang, added five products, gave him a silver vase, a gold carved vase and an agate bowl, and actually used pearls. Two good horses in the inner stable carry treasures, and each village is located in an area. At the beginning of Taizong's anger at the secret of the old monk, Russia could not bear it, and increased the punishment in the new year. A few days later, it still sent 3000 materials and 3000 stones to Yuezhou. I dare not put it into use, so I rebuilt a three-story tower, which is very beautiful, but the old monk was seriously ill because of fright and died in his thirties. Later generations named it the debate tower. The yunmen temple we see now is a far cry from yunmen temple and yunmen temple in its heyday. Yunmen temple has been depressed since the late Ming Dynasty. At present, there are still some temples rebuilt in Qing Dynasty in yunmen temple, including two wooden buildings and several east rooms. The first entrance and the third entrance open the mountain gate, which are buildings in the early Qing Dynasty. Above the lintel, the words "Yunmen Ancient Temple" are written in big letters. It was also used as the Wei Tuo Hall in the Ming Dynasty, which is convenient for civilian use. The second and third rooms are the Hall of Heroes, which was built in the Qing Dynasty. Under the front eaves, there is a horizontal plaque of "Daxiong Hall", with five front porch beams in Ming style and four carved stone pillars in the hall. For more than 300 years, it has stubbornly adhered to its belief in Sakyamuni and its Buddhist relationship with temples. Inside the main hall, everything you can see is spotless and incredibly clean. The front and rear gold columns are cylindrical, and the column base is drum-shaped; The structure between east and west is a barrel-type structure. There is a tablet of Shu Ji in yunmen temple written by Wang Siren, Fan Yunlin and famous calligraphers Dong Qichang, Chen Jiru and Dong in the third year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1630). The monument is Taihu stone with a rectangular base. The monument is 148 cm high and 82 cm wide. The inscription describes the geographical location of yunmen temple and the process of yunmen temple's ascension. This is a confirmation of ancient yunmen temple. There is a clear spring behind the monument, which is said to be the "West Wild Goose Lake" in Wang Xianzhi. The clear water in the pool is like the eyes of old people in history, flashing mysterious spirits. Around the temple are Wuyun Bridge, Li Yuting (which contains poems praised by poets of past dynasties), Wuyun Pavilion (which contains two stone buddhas), the tomb of the ancestor of Chinese fir, Wang Xianzhi's "Pen Washing Pool", "Debate Tower" (built in Taizong) and "Yunmen Caotang" where Lu You studied.
Yunmen temple can be said to be a Buddhist resort integrating religion, history, culture and tourism. China academia and government departments have always attached great importance to it. In recent years, scholars have been writing letters or visiting in person and publishing research articles. The cultural protection departments of Shaoxing city and county and the Pingshui town government where yunmen temple is located also attach great importance to and care about it.