For centuries, Shanghai was just a small fishing village, and it didn't develop into a town until13rd century. In 75 1 year, an administrative county named huating county was first established in Songjiang today. By the Song Dynasty (AD 99 1 year), there was Qinglong Town in the northeast of Qingpu on the south bank of Songjiang. In order to facilitate traffic, merchant ships chose today's Huangpu Bund as the dock, and a city gradually appeared on the bank of Jiangxi, replacing Qinglong Town and becoming a new port and commercial center. During the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1260- 1274), Shanghai became increasingly important, and merchant ships gathered here, which was very lively. In A.D. 1292, the Yuan Dynasty set up an administrative county here. By the Ming Dynasty, it had become a national textile and handicraft center with the first factory. The Qing government established Shanghai Customs in 1685, and an international commercial port developed from then on. After the Opium War, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's history. According to the treaty, Shanghai was opened as a trading port and the tunnel was further reduced to an international colony. The invasion of foreign capital monopolized the handicraft industry in Shanghai and the southeast coast, but it also brought advanced science and technology and management experience, which promoted Shanghai's commerce, finance, textiles, light industry and transportation. At the same time, national industry and commerce began to mature. Shanghai has not only become the commercial and financial center of China, but also controlled the industrial lifeline of the whole country.
The west of Shanghai became land 6000 years ago. The formation of urban land took place in the first half of 10 century.
In 223 BC, Kuaiji County was established after Qin destroyed Chu, and Suzhou was its governing place. Huiji County governs Miu County, Youquan County and Haiyan County. Miao county includes Jiading and Shanghai counties, Qingpu and Songjiang counties and some urban areas. There is also a Miao town named after Miao in Jiading County today. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he built the Kuanchi Road from Xianyang to Jiangsu and Shanghai via Hubei and Hunan. According to historical records, the equator is 50 steps wide and a tree is planted every 3 feet. Chidao passes through the northwest of Songjiang today, "crossing Qingpu Gutang Bridge and connecting Wucheng in the west". In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang led a group of military commanders such as Prime Minister Reese and his youngest son Hu Hai to tour the south. They used to pass through the western part of Songjiang, Hengshan, Xiaokunshan and Sancha in the south of Qingpu, and saw that the local products were rich, people came and went, people rowed boats and traded on the water. This shows that Shanghai had not yet formed a city.
In the Jin Dynasty, Shanghai mainly relied on fishing and salt income, and its economy was quite developed. In the first year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasties (585), Haiyan County was divided into Qingpu County and Qianjing County. In the Tang Dynasty, Jianhuating County was established in southern Kunshan, eastern Jiaxing and northern Haiyan, and the county was located in Songjiang County. In the fifth year of Tianbao (746), Qinglong Town was established in Jiang Nanan, Wusong, northeast of Qingpu, directly under Huating County. Qinglong Town was originally the place where Wu built and moored warships during the Three Kingdoms period. Qinglong Port is the starting point of the lower reaches of Wusong River and a new port for foreign trade in Tang Dynasty. Marine ships can not only reach coastal and inland towns, but also go straight to Japan and North Korea.
In the early Song Dynasty, Huating County was changed to Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing). At this time, the beach east of Huating County has become an important salt field, with a large population and jumping ships, and the business is increasingly developed. In the first year of Song Xuanhe (1 1 19), with the dredging of Songjiang Waterway again, Qinglong Town had a greater development. According to Mei, a poet of the Song Dynasty, recorded in Qinglong magazine, Qinglong Town has 22 bridges, 36 squares, and "three pavilions, seven towers and thirteen temples with thousands of fireworks", which is known as "Little Hangzhou". Although Qinglong Town is so prosperous, Shanghai, as the mouth of Huating, is still a desolate fishing village. Later, due to the shallow siltation in the lower reaches of Wusong River, Qinglong Town, which was once prosperous, gradually lost its position as a good port at the mouth of the Yangtze River, and became increasingly depressed.
During the reign of Song Xining (l068-l077), the trade center moved to the northeast of Huating, forming a residential area, and the fishing village became a small town with a certain scale. In the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1267), the town government was formally established here. Because it is located on the west side of Puxi, Shanghai, it is called "Shanghai Town". From the Yuan Dynasty to the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (l277), a city shipping company was established in Shanghai Town, which was called the seven major city shipping companies in China together with Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Qingyuan and Ganpu. Bos yamen, the headquarters city, was located in the later Shanghai county, which is today Guangqi Road, Fangbang South Road, Xiaodongmen.
From the Yuan Dynasty to the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (l29 1), the "Shanghai County" was formally established, which was the beginning of Shanghai's construction. By the Ming Dynasty, there were many shops and restaurants in Shanghai. At this time, Shanghai has become a famous "Southeast City".
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the administrative divisions of Shanghai evolved again, gradually forming the scale of Shanghai today.
On the eve of the Opium War in l840, Shanghai County was bordered by Chuansha in the east, Nanhui in the south, Qingpu in the west and Baoshan in the north. There are 63 streets and lanes in the county, with many shops, fresh feathers and vast territory, so it is called "the city of southeast".
After the defeat of the Opium War, on August 29th, 1842, the Qing government ordered Ying Ying and Ibrahimovic, the surrenders, to sign the treaty of nanking with Pu Dingcha, the British plenipotentiary. The third paragraph of the treaty stipulates: "From now on, the Great Emperor (Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty) allowed the British people and their families to live in five ports along the coast of the Qing Dynasty, namely Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai, without any obstacles to trade." Then, on the pretext of "cleaning up the mess", Britain signed the Humen Treaty with the Qing government on 1843 10. Article 9 of the treaty stipulates: "The 10,000-year Peace Treaty (referring to treaty of nanking) stipulates that British people are allowed to bring their families to live in five ports: Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai ... However, local officials in China and British butlers must reach an agreement on where the local people intend to live and what houses and bases to use." In the same year, on October 8th, L65438/kloc-0, Buffel, the first British consul in Shanghai, took office. According to the Humen Treaty, he asked Shanghai Daochang Mujiu to set aside a piece of land as a "residence" for British expatriates. Gong Mujiu thought that separation between China and foreign countries could avoid "disputes" and acquiesced in Baffour's request. Accordingly, Baffour issued an announcement on June 14 1 1, announcing that Shanghai officially opened on June 17, 1843.
More than a hundred years after Shanghai was forced to open a port, imperialist powers invaded Shanghai one after another and competed to set up concessions in Shanghai. First, Britain established the concession in Shanghai in 1845, and then the United States and France established the concession in Shanghai in L848- 1849 respectively. Later, the British and American concessions were collectively referred to as "public concessions". For more than a century, Shanghai has become an adventurer's paradise for foreign invaders.
19l9 During the May 4th Movement, workers, students and people from all walks of life in Shanghai held a citywide strike, which showed the patriotic spirit of the Shanghai people against imperialism and feudalism. In July, China held its first national congress in Shanghai. 1925 June 65438+ October, Feng Jun entered Shanghai. At that time, the Beijing government changed Shanghai to Songhu. On March 29th, 1927, Shanghai Temporary Special Municipal Government was established. On July 1930, Shanghai Special City was renamed Shanghai. Shanghai Municipal People's Government was established on May 28th, 1949.