In Shang Dynasty (16th century-1 1 century), the founding monarch Tang once established its capital in Bozhou, northern Anhui Province for a period of time. At that time, most of Anhui residents were not Chinese, and later they were merged into Han Dongyi.
At the end of the Warring States Period, in the first 278 years, the capital of Chu State (now Jingzhou, Hubei Province) was captured by Qin State, so it moved to Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). In the first 224 years, Xiang Yan, the general of Chu State, was defeated by 600,000 troops of Wang Jian of Qin State. In the first 223 years, Shouchun fell and Chu perished. Before 22 1, Qin completed the plan of conquering six countries and unifying the world. Most of Anhui belongs to Jiujiang County (Shouxian County), and the northern end belongs to surabaya county and Dangxian County. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Chu and Han contended. Xiang Yu was defeated by Liu Bang in the Battle of Gaixia in Guzhen County, Anhui Province, and committed suicide in Wujiang (Anhui County). Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the whole country moved to Lujiang County (now Lujiang and Shucheng). At the end of Han Dynasty, Shouchun became the base of warlord Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu later claimed to be the emperor, but soon died of illness. Shouchun belongs to the warlord Cao Cao (Bozhou, the actual pioneer of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period). In 209 AD, Cao Cao sent more than 7,000 generals, including Zhang Liao, Li Dian and Le Jin, to station in Hefei New Town (now Hefei area) to resist Sun Quan of Soochow. In 2 15, Sun Quan came with a hundred thousand troops. Zhang Liao, Li Dian and Le Jin, though at loggerheads, made concerted efforts to defeat Wu Jun's 100,000-strong army. Soochow withdrew to the north of xiaoyaojin and was suddenly ambushed by Zhang Liao. Wu Jiangling led 200 people to protect Sun Quan from the enemy's encirclement and came to Xiaoyaojin Bridge. Unexpectedly, the bridge slab in the southern section of the bridge was demolished by Zhang Liao's soldiers for more than ten feet, and Sun Quan could not pass, so he was anxious and afraid. At this time, Sun Quan used his quick wits and told Sun Quan to "hold the saddle and slow down the control". At the same time, he gave him a whip behind the horse, and the horse jumped over the bridge and Sun Quan was saved. Run south and escape. This is the battle of xiaoyaojin. In 2 16 AD, Cao Cao conquered Sun Quan again. When the army arrived in Hefei, Cao Cao visited the place where Zhang Liao fought and was amazed for a long time. So Zhang Liao's army was increased, and more troops were left to move to the old nest (now Chaohu Lake, Anhui Province).
During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period in Wuhu, several northern nomads successively established political power in the north of China and maintained the Han Dynasty in the south. Northern Anhui has become the front line of confrontation between North and South, and the war is still going on. In 383, the battle of Feishui between the former Qin Dynasty in the north and the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south was one of the most important battles.
The sui dynasty (58 1 ~6 18) unified the central plains. After a brief scuffle, the Tang Dynasty (6 18 ~907) established political power and maintained peaceful reunification for more than a century. During the Anshi Rebellion, the Huaihe River area in northern Anhui was in flames of war. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, in 875, Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao revolted, crossing the river from Henan to southern Anhui, to Fujian and Guangdong, and then attacking Chang 'an through Anhui. There was chaos in the world, the buffer region became independent, and the Tang Dynasty soon perished.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the Northern Jin Dynasty rose. After 1 127, the Huaihe River in northern Anhui once again became the frontier of confrontation between the north and the south: there was gold in the north and the Southern Song Dynasty in the south. 1 16 1 year, Wan Yanliang, the king of Hailing in the Jin Dynasty, sent troops to cut the Song Dynasty, and lost in the quarrying war in Maanshan, Anhui Province today. 1234, Jin died in the Mongolian Empire. 1276, the Mongolian army captured Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Anhui belongs to the Yuan Dynasty.
1368, Emperor Hongwu (Zhu Yuanzhang) established the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing and drove the Mongols to the Great Wall. Because the capital is Nanjing, today's Jiangsu and Anhui provinces are directly managed by the central government and are called "South Zhili". The region spans the north and south of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. For the first time, Fengyang, the hometown of Emperor Hong Wudi in northern Anhui, Huizhou in southern Anhui, Taihu Basin in southern Jiangsu and other vast areas with great economic and cultural differences were placed under the jurisdiction of the same administrative region.
Emperor Hongwu named Fengyang as the capital, and once considered moving the capital here, but he was forced to give up this plan and only built a mausoleum and part of the city wall. There were seven counties in Anhui in the Ming Dynasty, four of which were located in the south of the Yangtze River: Huizhou Prefecture, Ningguo Prefecture (Xuancheng), Taiping Prefecture (Dangtu) and Chizhou Prefecture; Two seats are located on the north bank of the Yangtze River: Anqing House and Luzhou House (Hefei); However, there are only 1 state in the whole Huaihe River Basin: Fengyang State. Wuhu, a small county on the south bank of the Yangtze River, developed into a new industrial and commercial center in the Ming Dynasty. 1635 the Li Zicheng branch of the peasant uprising army captured Fengyang in the late Ming dynasty, excavated the ancestral graves of the royal family, and burned down the "imperial temple" where Zhu Yuanzhang once became a monk.
1645, the Eight Banners of Manchu captured Tianjing (Nanjing) and changed Nanzhi to jiangnan province; 1667, jiangnan province was divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. Anhui Province will be located in Anqing, with Anhui Governor and provincial judges. As for Jiangnan Zuo Buzheng, who was in charge of Anhui civil affairs, he was stationed in jiangning house (Nanjing) for a long time until 1760 (twenty-five years of Qianlong), and he also moved to Anqing. The provincial boundaries have not changed much compared with today.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Nanjing its capital, and southern Anhui was its main grain and military base. In the bitter and repeated tug-of-war between Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army and Chen Yucheng's Taiping Army, most of the population in southern Anhui died and the economy and culture suffered a devastating blow. Today, the local population mainly moved from Henan and Hubei after the war, and the cultural customs changed a lot, so they withdrew from the ranks of the rich areas. At the same time, the Nian Army also originated from the impoverished northern Anhui where bandits were rampant. Li Hongzhang recruited Huai troops near Hefei and moved to Jiangsu and Zhejiang. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Huai Army became an important force in the Qing Dynasty.
After the founding of the Republic of China, the Jin-Pu Railway was opened to traffic 19 12, and Bengbu rose. 1926 the national revolutionary army northern expedition occupied Anhui. 1937 All-round Anti-Japanese War broke out. Anhui has become a place where the Japanese, Wang Jingwei's regime, the national army and China's New Fourth Army are intertwined. 1940 southern Anhui incident, the conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party occurred in Anhui. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the provincial capital once moved to Li Huang County, which is today's Jinzhai County. 1946 After Japan surrendered, the government of the Republic of China moved Anhui Association from Anqing to Hefei. From 1948 to 1949, Anhui was the main battlefield of Huaihai Campaign during the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
1949 after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Anhui was divided into two administrative offices (provincial level) in northern Anhui and southern Anhui, with the Yangtze River as the boundary. 1952 merged again. The provincial boundaries were slightly adjusted: Wuyuan County of Huizhou was included in Jiangxi, Xuyi County and Sihong County were included in Jiangsu. In exchange, Xiaoxian County and Dangshan County in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province were allocated to Anhui. But this makes Tianchang a wedge into Jiangsu.