Yi Di, a Xia Dynasty man, is said to be the earliest brewer in China. Wei Ce, a merchant in the Warring States Policy, recorded: "In the past, the emperor's daughter ordered the righteous emperor to make wine beautiful and enter. I drank and drank. As the saying goes, "someone will kill the country with wine in the future." "Therefore, I will save my manners and give up my wine." Han Xu Shen said the same thing in Shuo Wen Jie Zi Jiu Zhu. It means that in the past, women in Yu Xia would ask Yidi to make wine. After some efforts, Yidi brewed good wine and presented it to Yu Xia. Yu Xia drank it, and it felt good. However, he said, "Kings of later generations will surely perish if they drink this wine." From then on, I alienated Yidi and cut off my relationship with wine. Yidi was ordered to make wine, but instead of being rewarded, he was punished. Isn't that right?

As for Yidi's view of brewing wine, there is also a saying in "Taiping Yulan": "Yidi started with wine mash and changed into five flavors." Laozi, a kind of turbid wine, is fermented from rice, which is similar to the present non-inferior wine Laozi. "Five flavors" means that wine has many flavors.

Du Kang Zhongning is a Kang Jiawei who is good at making wine. In Zhongzhou Miscellaneous Notes and Quan Zhi in Zhili Ruzhou, the process of Du Kang's brewing was vividly and concretely described.

It is said that there is an old mulberry tree in Jiuquangou, Du Kang Village, Ruyang, Henan Province, where Du Kang invented wine. Du Kang used to herd sheep when he was a child. Every day at sunrise, he drives the sheep to the ewe slope to graze. Go to Jiuquan ditch to eat and read books at noon. Jiuquan ditch was called Kongsangxi in ancient times, and there were many mulberry trees. A clear spring runs through the forest. There is an old mulberry tree next to spring. Because of its age, its body is empty. Du Kang is eating under the tree. He often thinks of his ancestors' choices. When the meal is hard to swallow, he throws the leftovers into the mulberry hole. The villagers saw that Du Kang was too thin to eat and drink, so they gave him yeast powder to satisfy his hunger. Inadvertently, he threw the yeast powder into the tree hole again. In this way, rice koji is fermented into wine. After drinking this wine, Du Kang knew that he could relieve his worries and entertain himself. So he summed up his experience and took wine as his career.

Later people named it Du Kang ditch, Du Kangquan and Du Kanghe, as well as Du Kang's tomb and Du Kang Temple. Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, wrote a poem "Du Kang is the only one who can solve the worries" in a short song, which fully shows that Du Kang is an expert in ancient winemaking.

Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji was one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in Jin Dynasty. He talked about wine with six famous bamboo grove people, and deduced an interesting story about wine forest, explaining the value of wine.

Ruan Ji binged drinking, but what is most praised by the world is that he borrowed wine to eliminate disasters and created a precedent for drunkenness to cover up his political intentions. Emperor Si Mazhao wanted to betroth Ruan Ji's daughter to his son Sima Yan. Ruan Ji didn't want to marry Sima, and didn't want to offend Sima, so he had to drink and stay awake for more than 60 days, and finally got rid of this dilemma through drunkenness.

Tao Yuanming, Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has wine in his poems and poetry in the wine. His poems, like Finn's Drinking Life, are equally famous in the world and praised by later generations. Although his official career was not smooth, he was awarded the title of "coming back" only a few days after Peng's order, but the relationship between being an official and drinking was so close: at that time, there was a public field in the yamen for brewing wine. He ordered the cultivation of japonica rice as a raw material for brewing wine, and even forgot the important event of eating. It was his wife's efforts that divided half of the common land to grow rice. Abandoning the official without reward, drinking has become a big problem. However, when he returned to his desolate home, the first thing that pleased him was "bringing young children into the house and bottles". But it doesn't matter what the future looks like.

Bai Juyi

Bai Juyi drinks a lot. His life is famous not only for binge drinking, but also for fine brewing. When he was an official, he devoted a considerable part of his energy to the research of brewing. One of the important factors of wine quality is water quality. But different formulas can also make "turbid water" brew high-quality wine, and Bai Juyi is like this. He was ashamed that he didn't make any achievements in his last year, but he was complacent that he could make good wine. In the process of brewing, he did not give orders, but personally participated in the practice.

Lipper

Li Bai, whose name is Taibai, is a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Qin Andong, Gansu), and his ancestral home was Broken Leaf (now the Chu River basin south of Balkhash Lake) at the end of Sui Dynasty. Li Bai was born here. When I was young, I moved to Qinglian Township, Changlong, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) with my father.

When Li Bai was a teenager, he showed his talent, recited poems and wrote poems, learned widely and was good at being a chivalrous man. He left Sichuan at the age of 25 and has been wandering for a long time. In the meantime, it was recommended by Wu Yun and others. At the beginning of Tianbao, it was dedicated to Hanlin. However, he was not taken seriously in politics and was slandered by powerful people. He left Chang 'an for just over a year. During the Anshi Rebellion, he was Wang Yong's aide, but he was dragged down by Wang Yong's failure, exiled Yelang, and was pardoned halfway. Wandering and suffering in his later years, he died in Dangtu.

Li Bai's poetic style is bold and unconstrained, with rich imagination and strong romanticism, which has a great influence on later generations. Li Bai was addicted to alcohol all his life and had an indissoluble bond with it. At that time, Du Fu vividly described Li Bai in "Song of Drinking Eight Immortals": "There are hundreds of Li Bai's poems about fighting wine, and they are buried in Chang 'an Restaurant. The son of heaven called instead of boarding the boat, claiming that he was Brewmaster. "These four poems, one is about the close relationship between wine and poetry, the other is about being close to ordinary people, and the third is about contempt for the dignity of the emperor. Therefore, people like Li Bai very much and call him "Poet Fairy" and "Brewmaster". In order to praise and cherish the memory of this great poet, the brands of "Taibai Legacy" and "Taibai Family" were hung in ancient hotels, and this romantic trend has spread to modern times.

Su Shi

Su Shizi Dongpo, a native of Meishan, Sichuan, was a famous writer in the Song Dynasty and a famous restaurant. "When will there be a bright moon? Ask for wine from heaven. " We can find the shadows of Li Bai and Bai Juyi from his drinking and elegant demeanor. His poems, his words and his prose all have a strong smell of wine. Just like Li Bai's works, if the ingredients of wine are removed, the color, aroma and taste will drop sharply.

Ouyang Xiu

Ouyang Xiu is an alcoholic known to all women and children. His famous preface to the drunken pavilion is "yes" from beginning to end, with a stream of alcohol running through it. No wine, no writing, no wine, no joy. Happy in the sky, happy in the world, happy in the mountains and happy in the water, all because of wine. "The forest fell, the songs rose and fell, the tourists left, and the birds were happy. However, birds know the joy of mountains, but they don't know the joy of people ... "("Zuiweng Pavilion ")

Ye Shengtao

Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator, loved wine all his life and was addicted to it. Few people have seen him drunk, but he was drunk twice, once on the 60th birthday of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De in 1946. Ye Shengtao was invited to dinner. He was very happy at that time, so he got drunk and was escorted home by the staff! Once, I was invited to compete with Mr. Reina, a British professor, for drinking during the Anti-Japanese War. The two men "sealed their opponents with wine" until the sun went down. Finally, Reina got drunk first, but Ye Shengtao was able to walk home by himself, drunk at home, of course!

Ancient celebrities and wine:

1. Liu Banggui's hometown is full of wine and songs.

Liu Bang loved to drink when he was young. During his tenure as curator in Surabaya (now Peixian East, Jiangsu Province), he often went to the hotel to drink on credit. He was drunk and fell asleep on the ground.

On one occasion, he escorted a group of farmers to Lishan to serve the county, and people kept running away on the way. He thought, at this rate, how can he explain to his superiors when he arrives at his destination! So, when he arrived at the lake area west of Fengyi, he stopped to drink water. In the evening, Liu Bang said to the farmers, "Let's all go. I want to escape, too. " Despite this, there are still more than a dozen farmers who are unwilling to leave and follow him. Liu bang was as drunk as a fiddler. He crossed the lake and marsh area that night, and the person sent to explore the road in front came back and reported, "There is a big snake blocking the way. Let's go back! " Liu bang said with a strong sense of drunkenness: "There is nothing to be afraid of when a hero walks!" So he rushed forward, drew his sword and cut the snake in two. After walking a few miles, I fell asleep on the ground because of alcohol. This is the story of Liu Bang's drunken decapitation of the white snake.

In the first year of Qin Ershi, during the Chen Sheng Uprising, Liu Bang arose and responded to Pei County, calling him Pei Gong. At that time, Xiao He, Cao Can, Fan Kuai, Sean, Han Xin and other civilian military commanders assisted him. The Qin Dynasty was overthrown in three years, and Xiang Yu became the overlord of Western Chu, and Liu Bang was named Hanwang, occupying the land of Bashu and Hanzhong. Soon, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for five years, defeated Xiang Yu in 202 BC, established the Western Han Dynasty, and ascended the position of emperor.

Seven years later, Liu Bang put down the rebellion, returned to his hometown, gave a big banquet, entertained fellow villagers, and selected 120 children to teach them to sing. When the wine arrived, Liu Bang sang his own Song of the Wind:

The wind blows in Yunfei, and it is as mighty as the sea, and the brave keep all directions!

During the dinner, Liu Bang sang and danced, shed tears and said to the people present: People who travel far away miss their hometown all the time. Although I am in Guanzhong, I feel homesick day and night. Even after a thousand years, my soul will come back. Therefore, I take Pei County as Tang Muyi, exempting the people of the county from the corvee, so that they will not suffer from this for generations. Liu bang's words made the villagers very happy, so they accompanied Liu bang to drink every day. This lasted for more than ten days. When Liu Bang wanted to return to the DPRK, the villagers insisted on retaining him. Before he left, Qingcheng poured wine for Liu Bang. When Liu Bang saw this scene, he was deeply moved. He told people to set up a tent and drank wine with everyone for three days before he had to say goodbye to everyone. This is the story that has been passed down to this day that Gaozu returned to his hometown to sing "Da Feng Ge".

2. Super alcoholic Liu Ling

Wei-Jin period was the most prosperous period of liquor, and Liu Ling, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", became famous for her drinking. Liu Ling, a native of the Western Jin Dynasty (now northwest of Suixi, Anhui Province), was named Bolun, who once joined Jianwei. He is open-minded and free and easy, which is extraordinary. At that time, it was popular that "Du Kang is the best wine in the world and Liu Ling is the biggest drinker", and he was accompanied by wine all his life.

According to folklore, Yichuan County in Longmen, Luoyang has Jiu Hao in the south, Longmen Mountain in the north, Fengshan in the east and Hushan in the west. There are six springs in the four mountains, with Gu Quan in the top, Jiuquan in the middle, Longquan in the bottom, Quanfeng in the left, Tiger Spring in the right and Pingquan in the rest. At that time, Du Kang used spring water to make wine and opened a hotel at the foot of Jiu Hao Mountain. There is a couplet posted on the door of the hotel: the tiger in the mountain drinks a glass of wine and the dragon in the sea drinks two glasses of wine. Horizontal batch: three years without money.

One day, Liu Ling passed by and read the couplets. She swaggered into the shop and said, "shopkeeper, bring the wine!" " "The words sound just fell and I saw a blonde and elegant old man in the shop coming towards him with a jar. Liu Ling was overjoyed to see such good wine. She drank three cups in a row, without waiting for the fourth. She felt very dizzy and couldn't control herself. She quickly said goodbye to the shop and stumbled home.

Three years later, Du Kang went to Liu Ling's house for a drink. Liu Ling's wife was angry and resentful when she heard that Du Kang had come to ask for drinks. She came forward to hold Du Kang and said, "Liu Ling has been dead for three years because he drank your wine." Take him to the official. Du Kang said with a smile: "Liu Ling is not dead, just drunk." Nobody believes it. When they opened the coffin, Liu Ling, who was ruddy, just opened his eyes, stretched out his arms, yawned deeply, spit out a smell of wine, and said intoxicated, "Good wine smells good!"

This story is naturally a legend. Du Kang and Liu Ling are not from the same era, but we can see how excellent Liu Ling is from this "romantic" story.

Liu Ling is a short man, ugly, but brilliant. He never associates with people at will, but he has been recognized as a confidant since he met Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. Liu Ling, who is famous for his drinking and binge drinking, accumulated his lifelong wish to write the famous Ode to Wine Morality, praising the drinking thought of being proud of wine, ashamed of wine and taking wine as morality. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Jin people drink a lot, but as for drunkenness, they don't really care about alcohol. Time is hard to cover, but alcohol can alienate the world. This strategy has been used since Chen Ping and Cao Can ... It has spread to Liu Ling's followers, so I want to use it completely and think it is a measure to protect my health ... People who drink alcohol may not drink too much, and people who are drunk may not be really drunk! "

3. Drunk Mr. Bai Yin Juyi

Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, was named Letian, and was named Xiangshan lay man. Zhenyuan Jinshi, secretary of the official calendar, provincial school book lang, Zuo Shiyi and Zuo Zanshan, Jiangzhou Sima, Hangzhou secretariat, minister of punishments. Actively advocate the "new Yuefu" movement in literature, and advocate that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things".

Bai Juyi never stopped writing all his life, and his works were quite rich. Among them, wine-related works occupy a prominent position and have a great influence on later generations. Among his poems to persuade wine, Fourteen Poems to persuade wine is the most famous. This is a group of poems about wine, divided into two topics, one is where you can't forget wine, and the other is how to drink. Each topic has seven songs, which mainly express the thoughts of Laozi, Zhuangzi and Buddhism and Zen. In addition, his "Persuade Wine" and "Persuade Wine to Send Yuan Wine" are quite unusual.

When Bai Juyi was sixty-seven, he wrote The Biography of Mr. Drunken Song. Mr. Drunk Sound in the article is himself. In his biography, he said that there was a man named Mr. Zuiyin, and he didn't know his name, hometown and official position. He only knew that he had been an official for 30 years and retired to Los Angeles. He lives in ponds, bamboo poles, trees, pavilions, pontoons and so on. He likes drinking, reciting poems and playing the piano, and playing with drunkards, poets and piano lovers. This is also the case. Bai Juyi has been to temples, hills and spring stones inside and outside Luoyang.

Whenever there is beautiful scenery, he invites guests to his house, first painting the altar, then writing poems, and then holding silks and bamboos. So while drinking, I recited poems and played the piano. There is a boy playing "wearing a dress and feathers" and a little prostitute singing "Yang Liuzhi", which is a great pleasure. It didn't stop until everyone was drunk. Bai Juyi sometimes went out to play in the wild on a whim. He put a piano and a pillow in the car, hung two flagons on bamboo poles on both sides of the car, drank with the piano and came back happily. When he was a secretariat in Suzhou, he often drank alone for nine days because of his busy official duties, so as to relieve his hardship. He said: "Don't underestimate a day of drunkenness, that is to eliminate nine days of fatigue. If you don't have nine days of fatigue, how can you cure the people of the country? If you don't get drunk for a day, how can you entertain yourself? "Then more is to drink with friends.

There is a glimmer of green in the old bottle and a hint of red in the quiet stove.

With dusk and snow coming, how about a glass of wine?

-"Drunk with Li Eleven and Remembering Yuan Jiu"

Wine is so attractive. A snow is about to fall and it's getting late, so what better way to spend this snowy night than drinking around the stove? The so-called "wine is short of 1000 glasses of friends" and "I drank it alone. There is no one to accompany me ",except for wine, you must have friends to accompany you to make your life more affectionate." There is a saying in DuDu Fu's "Piling Snow" that "no one will exhaust the floating ants, and they will be stunned", which means that there is no feeling of wine and friends. Bai Juyi is here, waiting for wine in the snow, but the friends he expects are not as vacant as Du Fu, but come at the drop of a hat. He a suggestion to my friend liu: "How about a glass of wine inside? ? "This is a pleasant scene in life. After full brewing, it is ready, just to kick off the curtain. This poem can be said to be a toast to invite friends to have a drink. The wine prepared for a friend can certainly make the other person drunk, but the poem itself is more mellow than wine.

Bai Juyi, "Tao Tao ran away, but he was in a daze". He wants to forget the world in drunkenness, but he can't help it. "Spring has a future, and young people get old." In a trance, "my head is white when I go home." A generation of celebrities died in Baijia, Lvdaofang, Luoyang on August 14th, 2006. At 75. According to his will, later generations buried him in the Pipa Peak in Dongshan, Longmen. Luzhen, a native of Yining, Henan Province, carved a biography of Mr. Zuiyin on a stone and stood beside the tomb. Legend has it that tourists all over the world know that Bai Juyi was addicted to alcohol all his life, and he came to worship the tomb with a glass of wine as a souvenir, so when the land in front of the tomb was not dry, it can be seen that this poet was deeply loved by future generations.

4. Bold Brewmaster Li Bai

Li Bai, whose word is Taibai, is a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home is in Longxi (now Qin Andong, Gansu) Ji Cheng. At the end of Sui Dynasty, his ancestors lived in Broken Leaf (now the Chu River valley south of Balkhash Lake), where Li Bai was born. When I was young, I moved to Qinglian Township, Changlong, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) with my father.

Li Bai was addicted to alcohol all his life and had an indissoluble bond with it. Du Fu's Song of Drinking Eight Immortals: "A hundred poems of Li Bai's fighting for wine are buried in Chang 'an Restaurant. The emperor called instead of getting on the boat, claiming that the minister was Brewmaster. " Li Bai described it very vividly. These four poems are about the close relationship between wine and poetry, Li Bai's closeness to ordinary people and his contempt for the dignity of the emperor. Therefore, people like Li Bai very much and call him "Poet Fairy" and "Brewmaster". In order to praise this great poet, the brands of "Taibai Legacy" and "Taibai Family" are hung in ancient hotels, which have been passed down to this day.

There are many legends about Li Bai and wine, one of which is a story: Li Bai was exiled in Chang 'an, and when he was wandering in the rivers and lakes, he once passed the county government on a drunken donkey and was stopped by an official. Li Bai said, "The Emperor wiped the food I spit out for me, and I ate the royal soup myself. When I write a poem, the imperial concubine holds the inkstone for me and Gao Lishi takes off my shoes. In front of the son of heaven, I can ride around on a big horse. I can't even ride a little donkey here? " The magistrate was surprised and apologized quickly.

Li Bai wrote a lot of poems with wine as the theme in his life, among which "Into the Wine", "Lonely Wine in the Mountain" and "Drinking the Moon Alone" are the most familiar. Among them, "Into the Wine" can be described as a declaration of wine culture: "Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky and into the ocean, never to return? Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night? Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! . ..... Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen my appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, have a big drink! ! "So bright and heroic. What is rare is that Li Bai strongly advocates "drinkers" here. In order to drink, all flower horses can be replaced by wine, and its interpretation of the charm of wine has indeed reached its peak.

Drinking brings a lot of happiness to Li Bai. In his poem, he said, "Enjoy a drink while you are alive! I don't care if my fame will survive! " , singing to "36,000 days in a hundred years, you will drink 300 cups a day", asking "Don't sell wine by boat, spend a lot of money to buy spring fragrance", asking "Let's buy wine and Bai Yunbian on the moonlight in Dongting", and then "talk about four seats and pour thousands of cups a day". This makes us feel that wine has become an indispensable part of Li Bai's life.

The appearance of Li Bai promoted the wine culture to a brand-new stage. On the basis of inheriting the wine culture of past dynasties, he created a new generation of wine culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty with the economic prosperity since Kaiyuan as the background and poetry as the form of expression.

Li Bai lived for more than 60 years and never left the wine. He said in the poem "Giving the Inside": "360 days, getting drunk every day." Li Bai drank crazy songs and left us many excellent poems, but his health was damaged. At the age of 62, his soul returned to the sky. "The sober and sages of ancient times have been forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized." This is Li Bai, an immortal poet Brewmaster.

5. The Drunk Ouyang Xiu

Ouyang Xiu, named Yong Shu, is an alcoholic. He was born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) in his later years. 24-year-old, Jinshi, imperial edict Jinshi, Hanlin Jinshi, deputy envoy of the Council, participated in the discussion of state affairs. A famous writer, historian and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, he wrote The History of the New Five Dynasties and The Official Documents of Ouyang Wenzhong.

Ouyang Xiu is a well-known alcoholic. People often say that "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine." When Ouyang Xiu was appointed as the magistrate of Chuzhou, he wrote his masterpiece "Preface to Drunk Pavilion". Wandering between mountains and rivers, the days are like a bright moon, which is very pleasant and the career is very smooth. In a flash, more than ten years have passed. I am old and sick, my friends have passed away one after another, and I am framed by politics, despised and worried. Today is different from the past.

Ouyang Xiu likes wine, and there are many descriptions about wine in his poems. In a poem "The Pride of the Fisherman", the girl picking lotus leaves as a cup, boating and drinking, and writing about the beauty that wine brings to people's lives. When Ouyang Xiu was the magistrate of Yangzhou, he took guests to Pingshan Hall every summer and sent people to pick lotus flowers and put them in pots. He told the geisha to take the lotus flowers and pass them on. No matter who passes them on, he will take off a petal, and when he takes off the last petal, he will have a drink. So feast and drink until late at night.

In the Qing Dynasty, Jia Wenyuan was appointed as Zhao Wen, and he often drank with Ouyang Xiu. Knowing that Ouyang Xiu likes listening to music when drinking, Jia ordered an official prostitute to prepare some good music for him in advance. Who knows the prostitute turned a deaf ear to this, repeatedly urged, still indifferent. Jia felt very helpless. Unexpectedly, at the banquet, when the official prostitute toasted Ouyang Xiu's birthday, she was behind the Song Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu listened attentively, listened to a song, drank a large glass of wine and felt very happy. Jia Wenyuan was surprised. After asking, I realized that all the songs sung by official prostitutes were written by Ouyang Xiu.

In his later years, Ouyang Xiu claimed to have a collection of 10,000 books, a piano, a chess game and a pot of wine, enjoying himself. It can be seen that Ouyang Xiu can't live without wine for an instant.