2. Carving a boat to seek a sword is to look at the problem from a static point of view, which violates the view that matter is a moving change. Another example is Waiting for the Rabbit.
This goes against the principle that matter determines consciousness. Try to replace objective reality with subjective desire. Another example is "painting cakes to satisfy hunger", "looking at plums to quench thirst", "honest people buy shoes" and "cutting feet to fit shoes".
4. It shows that the process of biological growth follows certain laws, and trying to replace objective laws with subjective will is bound to be punished.
Make the finishing point is to be good at grasping the key points and keys in the work. In line with the principle of principal contradiction.
6. The loss of lips and the coldness of teeth reflect the view that things are generally related. Things interact and restrict each other within and between things, just like lips and teeth. Another example is "the city gate is on fire, which harms the fish in the pool", "the river is full, and the river is dry without water", "the mantis catches cicadas, and the yellowbird is behind" and so on.
7. Drops of water pierce the stone, which embodies the principle of the relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change, that is, the accumulation of quantity reaches a certain level, which will cause qualitative change. Another example is "If you don't accumulate pace, you can't travel thousands of miles", "If you don't accumulate pace, you can't become a river and a sea", "If you don't give up, you can turn stone into stone" and so on.
8. "Buy Bamboo Slips and Return Pearls" tells that in ancient times, a man saw a beautiful box containing pearls, so he bought the box at a high price and returned the precious pearls to the seller. Metaphor only looks at the phenomenon, not the essence. Another example is "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain".
9. Handan toddler metaphor does not think, blindly imitates others, and the result is self-defeating and makes jokes. This story tells us that to understand things, we must not only have "awareness", but also be good at thinking and thinking actively, otherwise it is impossible to form a correct understanding. Another example is "learning from the East is effective", and "swallowing dates" belongs to this category.
10. And so on, that is to say, if people want to acquire new knowledge, they must master the thinking method of reasoning. Because only by learning reasoning (including deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning) can we grasp the regularity of things and expand and deepen people's knowledge.