Significance of the concept: the symmetrical development of cities along the central axis is an ancient model, which is suitable for the era of small city scale and underdeveloped transportation, and uses compact squares to standardize the shape of cities. Today, this model can still be used in small cities with small scale and limited development potential. Large and super-large cities need to consider environmental protection, ecological balance and other factors, so the development of cities is no longer suitable for the block expansion model, but should adopt the group development model, and modern transportation has also created conditions for group development. Guangzhou is a mega-city, which has been clearly developed as a group. It is impossible to set the central axis of the city in time and space. In Guangzhou, the concepts of traditional central axis and new central axis have little geographical significance, but the traditional central axis used to be the geographical center of Guangzhou in history, so it became a historical and cultural name. Its surrounding areas have the richest historical and cultural traces in ancient and early modern Guangzhou, and it is the region with the richest cultural heritage in Guangzhou. Although the significance of geographical center has weakened, as a symbol of local culture, its significance is eternal. The new central axis has no geographical significance from the beginning. It is contradictory to mention the central axis in a city with group development. This concept is not so much a description of Guangzhou's future as a short-term commercial activity, mainly for the development of Pearl River New Town.

Geographical resources: the southern part of the old and new central axis is the alluvial plain of Haizhu, Panyu and Fangcun, which is similar to the hinterland. The west side of Baiyun Mountain, which is connected by the traditional central axis in the north, is the delta plain alluvial by the Pearl River and the Guanghua plain alluvial by the Liuxi River, and there is a large area of land available for development. To the north of the new central axis and to the east of Baiyun Mountain, mountains crisscross, and only a few valleys or terraces are available for development. The land environment surrounded by these green hills is beautiful, but the land is quite limited. Therefore, the hinterland of the traditional central axis is larger than that of the new central axis. The western part of Guangzhou is karst landform, which is repeatedly emphasized by the planning department. However, karst landform is a common phenomenon in the Pearl River Basin, and many cities along the basin are built on the surface of dissolved rocks. Modern geology and architecture can solve the technical problems of building on karst landforms. It is really not suitable to build super high-rise buildings on karst surface, but the high-rise buildings of Guangzhou Reality Department have been flooded and need to be stopped.

Traffic conditions: The west side of Baiyun Mountain, which extends northward from the traditional central axis, is the land and air transportation hub of Guangzhou, and four national highways passing through Guangzhou are the third, namely, national highways 105, 106 and 107. There are no fewer than ten first-class highways, municipal roads and expressways connecting the old city of Guangzhou with other cities, which is the largest and densest area in the urban area. From north to south, along the same axis, there are Guangzhou North Station in Huadu, Jiangcun Marshalling Station, Guangzhou Railway Station and Guangzhou South Station in Zhongcun.

Around the new central axis, the railway has guangzhou east railway station, and the north-south municipal trunk road has Guangzhou Avenue, which is shared with the traditional central axis and has National Highway 324. There is also a south China expressway connecting with the northwest. Compared with the traditional central axis, the traffic facilities around the new central axis are much inferior. Of course, this is in line with the difference in geographical resources between the two. The development hinterland of the traditional central axis extension area is vast, and the traffic benefit is better than that of the new central axis area. More importantly, the airport factor. Baiyun Airport is located in the north of the traditional central axis, twenty or thirty kilometers away from Baiyun New City and Haizhu Square around the old airport, which is the golden distance of airport economy. Most international metropolises, such as new york, London and Paris, have their core functional areas, that is, financial and commercial centers, within this scope. Several leading cities in China, the tertiary industry center of Beijing and Shanghai, and the embassy and consulate districts are all in this area. Because the urban area is small, the core functional area of Hong Kong is closer to the airport. In the past, the urban area of Guangzhou was small, and within 0/5km of the old Baiyun Airport/KLOC-,financial, commercial and foreign affairs centers such as Chang Di, Liu Hua, Huanshi East, Dongfeng East and Tianhe North were formed. Now that the airport has moved northward, the city center group has also moved northward accordingly, and Baiyun New City has been added around the traditional central axis. Geography, environment and transportation are all first-class dream cities. The driving force of development is the traditional central axis.

Planning advantages: Theoretically, the new district should be better planned than the old district, but the reality in Guangzhou is that Tianhe New District has been repeating a high-density and high-volume development model for more than 20 years. At present, the building density, floor area ratio and population per unit area are equivalent to or even worse than those in the old areas. Urban diseases such as traffic congestion, air pollution and heat island effect can be seen everywhere. As this is a new area, it will take decades to rebuild. The traditional central axis is the old city, and many areas have reached the time of old city reconstruction. If properly transformed, it will have the opportunity to form an urban area that conforms to modern advanced concepts and embodies the connotation of sustainable development. On the other hand, the northern part of the traditional central axis is a new development area surrounded by mountains and rivers, and there is still a lot of room for innovation in planning. Combined with high-quality landscape resources and properly disposed, it will wash away the bad reputation of poor planning in the past and realize the harmonious urban new area between artificial buildings and landscape ecology.