Shandong Province is called Lu for short, and it is named after living in the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, and Jinan is the capital. The pre-Qin period belonged to Qi State and Lu State, so it was nicknamed Qilu and Donglu. The eastern coast of China, the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the north-central part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

Shandong is connected to the inland in the west, and borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu in the north and south respectively. The central part is high, and Mount Tai is the highest point in the whole territory; Shandong Peninsula extends into the Yellow Sea in the east, faces Liaodong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait in the north, guards Beijing, Tianjin and Bohai Bay, faces the Korean Peninsula across the Yellow Sea in the east, faces the wider Yellow Sea in the southeast, and overlooks the East China Sea and the islands in southern Japan.

Shandong has a long history, which is the source of Chinese culture and one of the important birthplaces of the Chinese nation.

Shandong is the birthplace of Confucian culture. Confucius and Mencius, the founder of Confucianism, and Wu Qi, the founder of Mohism, are all Lu people.

Qi culture, which began with Jiang Taigong's establishment of Qi in Linzi, gave birth to a large number of people with lofty ideals such as Qi Huangong, Guan Zhong, Yan Ying, Bao, Sun Wu and Sun Bin. Qi also founded the University, which is the first government-run and private institution of higher learning in the world.

Extended data

Shandong regional culture

Qilu culture is a regional culture formed and developed in Shandong in the pre-Qin period, including Taoist culture, military culture, legalist culture, Mohist culture, yin and yang, vertical and horizontal, witchcraft, punishment, fame, agriculture, medicine and so on. Its core is Confucian culture. Tian Maoquan, a contemporary writer, believes that Qilu culture gradually evolved from regional culture to official culture and mainstream culture after Qin and Han Dynasties.

The origin of Qilu culture should be traced back to the development of Dongyi, an ancient nation who lived in Qilu 5000 years ago. This nation used to be proud of the legendary Houyi and Dashun. Since the 20th century, a large number of prehistoric archaeological excavations and thousands of sites have proved that this is a nation with an early cultural development and a high degree of civilization.

In Qilu, from the post-Li Wenhua culture 8000 years ago to the northern new culture and Dawenkou culture, and then to the Longshan culture 4000 years ago, in the evolution of cultural traditions, there is not only a relatively independent cultural pedigree.

In addition, many castle sites about 5,000 years ago, images and words show a high degree of civilization development, and Wen Tao and a large number of exquisite eggshell black pottery and various handmade ornaments have been found.

During the Warring States period, Confucianism actually occupied two countries, Lu and Qi, and realized the Qilu transformation of Confucianism. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dong Zhongshu absorbed Qilu's new ideas and formed a new Confucian system, which was recognized by the ruling class. Since then, Confucianism has developed from "the study of Qilu" to "the exclusive respect for Confucianism".

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