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Briefly describe the main historical activities in Yuan Shizu.
125 1 July 1 day, Kublai Khan's eldest brother, Mongo, became the Great Khan of the Mongolian Empire. For the sake of Yuan Xianzong, Kublai Khan was the "oldest and most virtuous" of Mongo's half-brothers. Shortly after Mongo ascended the throne, Kublai Khan was appointed to lead the affairs of desert South China. During this period, Kublai Khan appointed a large number of Han aides and Confucian scholars, and put forward the idea of "implementing Chinese law".

1252, Song Jun attacked the Henan border region. Kublai Khan asked Mongolia to set up a running department in Henan, and Mongolia appointed Shi, Zhao Bi as running envoys. In June, Kublai Khan went to the grassland to meet Mongo and was ordered to lead an army to Yunnan.

1253, Mongo shared the rewards with the kings, and Kublai Khan got the Jingzhao fief. Kublai Khan established the Fu Xuan Department of Jingzhao. Kublai Khan led an army to spend the summer in Liupanshan. In autumn, the army entered the Tibetan area through Lintao and arrived in Teci (now Songpan, Sichuan). In August, Kublai Khan led an army from Shaanxi to attack Dali, today's Yunnan and other places. 1254 65438+10.2, Kublai Khan conquered Dali city, the king of Duan Xing surrendered, and Kublai Khan destroyed Dali kingdom. Yunnan was incorporated into the territory of Great Mongolia.

1256, Kublai Khan obtained another fief in Huaimeng House. 1In the summer of 256, Mongolia officially announced that it would attack the Southern Song Dynasty on the grounds of detaining Mongolian envoys in the Southern Song Dynasty. The development of Kublai Khan's forces aroused Mongo's suspicion. 1257, Meng Ge ordered Alandall and others to set up a hook examination bureau in Guanzhong to check the fiscal revenue of Jingzhao and Henan. Alan Al and others found out more than 100 charges against Luo Zhi from the officials of Henan Economic and Political Department and Jingzhao Fu Xuan Department, aiming at eliminating the officials trusted by Kublai Khan and weakening his power. /kloc-in October/February, I personally went to see Mungo. When Mongo saw Kublai Khan coming to Korea, he cried and asked him not to make any confession.

1258 In July of the lunar calendar, Meng Ge led his army into northern Sichuan and conquered most of northern Sichuan. At the beginning of 1259, the offensive was blocked at the gates of Hezhou.

1258165438+1On October 29th, Kublai Khan, according to Munger's will, lowered the flag in the northeast of Kaiping, and officially sent troops to attack the Song Dynasty. On August 2nd, the following year, Kublai Khan led his troops to Runan, Henan Province, and continued to March to the Southern Song Dynasty, ordering Yang Weizhong and Hao Jing to declare their love for Jianghuai. 1On September 3, 259, Kublai Khan led the Middle Route Army across the Huaihe River and invaded the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty. Then all the way south, open up a new battlefield in Hubei and attack Ezhou in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

On August 1259, 1 1, Meng Ge died of illness in Yushan, Hezhou, Sichuan. /kloc-In September of 0/9, an envoy sent by Morgan, Kublai Khan's half-brother, in Sichuan announced the news to Kublai Khan and asked him to return to the north to inherit the throne. Kublai Khan thought, "I was ordered to come to the south. How can I return it for nothing?" So he attacked the Southern Song Dynasty and won many victories. Later, Kublai Khan's wife Chayu sent messengers to seek the establishment of Kublai Khan's younger brother Ali Bouguer. Ali Bouguer sent aranda to transfer troops near Kaiping and Toricho and recruit militia near Yanjing. The messenger urged Kublai Khan to return to the north as soon as possible. 1 17 June 65438+ 10/7, Hao Jing, a Confucian scholar, went to a class teacher's meeting, stated the reasons for withdrawing troops immediately, and strengthened Kublai Khan's determination to withdraw from the army and return to the north. Kublai Khan claimed to attack Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and left the generals to continue to besiege Ezhou, which increased the military pressure of the Southern Song Dynasty. Jia Sidao, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, sent messengers to make peace, agreed to cede territory in the Southern Song Dynasty, and sent ancient coins. Kublai Khan then withdrew his troops and returned to the north on the same day.

1260 65438+1October 4th, Kublai Khan led his troops to Yanjing, now Beijing, and disbanded the militia recruited by Delichi, who won the hearts of the people. Kublai Khan led an army stationed in the suburbs of Yanjing, spent the whole winter, and actively contacted the kings, preparing to hold the Curitai meeting in the spring of 1260 and hold the ceremony of enthronement.

1On May 5, 260, Kublai Khan ascended the throne and became the great Mongolian emperor, the Great Khan of the Mongolian Empire. Kublai Khan issued an imperial edict to the throne, in which he called himself "I" and called his brother Yuan Xianzong Mungo "the first emperor". On June 29th, Kublai Khan promulgated the Imperial Decree on the Establishment of a Unified China, officially establishing the title of "Unified China".

1On September 7th, 264, Kublai Khan issued an imperial edict, changing the Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, taking the meaning of "being the best in Kun Dynasty" in the Book of Changes, and changing "unifying China for five years" to "the first year of Yuan Dynasty". In February of 65438+ 18, Kublai Khan changed the title from "Great Mongolia" to "Dayuan", and from the emperor of Great Mongolia to Dayuan. Dayuan officially appeared, and Kublai Khan became the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.

1August 264, Yanjing, Zhao Xia changed its name to Zhongdu, and prepared to build its capital. After Kublai Khan established the title of "Dayuan",1February, 272, he adopted Liu Jian's proposal, changed China into a metropolis, and announced that it would build its capital here. 1273, most of the palaces were built. On New Year's Day of the first month of the following year, Kublai Khan was greeted in the Ursa Major Hall. Since then, the Yuan Dynasty has made Dadu its capital (Beijing).

1274, Kublai Khan ordered Toyosu, stationed in Korea, to lead Xindu and Hong Chaqiu, general manager of Korean military and political affairs, 15000 troops and 900 warships. Under the loyal opposition of the Japanese army, the first battle only achieved a small victory and failed to go deep. Soon, because the typhoon destroyed most of the warships, the soldiers were exhausted and the Yuan army had to retreat hastily.

1February 275, Kublai Khan sent assistant minister Du Shizhong to Japan. Du Shizhong was executed by the Kamakura shogunate as soon as he arrived in Japan. The news did not reach the Yuan Dynasty until 1280. So Kublai Khan decided to conquer Japan again. In the second half of that year, the Yuan Dynasty recruited soldiers (including the newly attached army in the Southern Song Dynasty) and set up a crusade province (also known as the Japanese expedition province) to take charge of the conquest.

1On February 4th, 276, the Yuan Army invaded Lin 'an and presented a decree and a watch. The Southern Song Dynasty perished and the Yuan Dynasty seized the national political power. 1March 279 19, the last remaining resistance of the maritime exile regime in the southern song dynasty was eliminated.

128 1 In the first month, Kublai Khan ordered Yuan soldiers to make an expedition to Japan in two ways, but it still failed.