Social production departments that develop and utilize water areas, collect and fish and artificially breed various aquatic animals and plants with economic value, so as to obtain aquatic products. Is an important part of agriculture in a broad sense. According to the water area, it can be divided into marine fishery and freshwater fishery; According to the production characteristics, it is divided into breeding and fishing. Fishery in a broad sense also includes: ① the pre-production department of direct fishery. Production and supply departments of fishing boats, fishing gear, fishing gear, fishing machinery and other means of fishery production. (2) Direct fishery sector. Department of storage, processing, transportation and sales of aquatic products. The main feature of fishery production is that it is based on various waters and takes renewable aquatic economic animal and plant resources as the object. It has obvious regional and seasonal characteristics, and its primary products are fresh, perishable and commercialized. Fishery is an important sector of the national economy. Protein is rich in content, accounting for 6% of the world's total consumption and 24% of the animal protein consumption. It can also provide high-quality fertilizer for agriculture, high-quality feed for animal husbandry and important raw materials for food, medicine and chemical industry. China has 1.8 million kilometers of coastline, vast continental shelf and beaches, 200,000 square kilometers of fresh water, and 1 10,000 kinds of aquatic animals and plants with high economic value. There are good natural conditions and broad prospects for developing fishery.
English: Fisheries
Marine fishery: marine fishery
Freshwater fishery: freshwater fishery
Fishing fishery
Aquaculture fishery
[Edit this paragraph] The current situation of fishery development in China.
After a period of rapid development since the reform and opening up and adjustment and rectification in recent years, China's fishery has entered a stage of sustained, stable and healthy development, with the following main features:
( 1)
The industrial structure was further optimized and the industrial quality was significantly improved. Since the reform and opening up, China has reformed the fishery economic system and price system, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of fishermen to develop production and made China's fishery embark on a stage of rapid development. The output of aquatic products has greatly increased, ranking first in the world for more than ten years since 1990. The development of fishery not only meets people's demand for aquatic products, expands the export of aquatic products, but also adjusts and optimizes the agricultural industry. In recent years, with the continuous development of industry, the growth mode of China's fishery economy has begun to change greatly, from simply pursuing output growth in the past to paying more attention to the improvement of quality and efficiency; Pay attention to the sustainable development of resources. In order to alleviate the pressure on resources caused by the rapid growth of marine fishing output, the marine fishery structure has been strategically adjusted. Since 1999, the goal of "zero growth" of marine fishing output has been put forward for the first time, and then the goal of "negative growth" has been further put forward to strictly control the intensity of marine fishing. Since 2002, in order to alleviate the impact of the implementation of the new marine system on China's marine fisheries, the state has implemented the project of changing industries and jobs for marine fishermen. For three consecutive years, the central government subsidized fishermen to scrap fishing boats, and guided fishermen to reduce the number of fishing boats and quit the marine fishing industry. In recent years, the growth rate of China's aquatic products output has remained at around 3-4%, showing a steady development trend; Among them, the output of aquaculture has increased substantially. In 2002, the total output of aquatic products reached 45.65 million tons, an increase of 4% over the previous year, of which the marine fishing output was14.33 million tons, a decrease of 22% over the previous year.
As the state has increased investment in fishing port and fishery infrastructure construction, and given support in industrial policy, the overall quality and modernization level of China fishery have been improved; At the same time, due to adhering to market orientation, adjusting product structure and production mode in time, and paying close attention to product quality, fishery benefits have been significantly improved, and fishery output value and fishermen's income have increased significantly.
(2)
Aquaculture continued to maintain a rapid development trend, and the development quality and benefits were significantly improved. At present, China's aquaculture industry has shifted from the past pursuit of expanding aquaculture area and increasing aquaculture output to paying more attention to variety structure adjustment and product quality improvement. With the introduction of new technologies and varieties, the field of aquaculture has been further expanded, the scale of famous aquatic products has been continuously expanded, the mode of factory farming and ecological health farming has developed rapidly, the development momentum of deep-water cage farming has been rapid, and the scale and intensive level of aquaculture have been gradually improved. In 2002, the aquaculture area reached 6865438 0.5 thousand hectares, and the aquaculture output reached 29.07 million tons, up 2% over the previous year. The aquaculture output accounted for 64% of the total aquatic products, among which the aquaculture area and aquaculture output of famous aquatic products increased significantly.
(3)
The trade in aquatic products continued to grow, and the quality of offshore fishery development was further improved. In recent years, with China's entry into WTO, China's fishery has been integrated into the world fishery development pattern with a more open attitude. With the implementation of the national plan of ship reduction and production conversion and preferential policies for developing offshore fishing, offshore fishing, especially offshore high seas fishing, has developed rapidly, the number of fishing boats and enterprise benefits have been continuously improved, and management has become more standardized. At present, there are more than 1800 offshore fishing boats operating in the waters under the jurisdiction of more than 40 countries and regions in the world. At present, the international trade of aquatic products in China has also developed rapidly in recent years, and the export market of superior aquatic products has basically taken shape, except for Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions. It has formed an international market structure dominated by developed countries and regions. In 2002, the total foreign trade of aquatic products in China was 45.76 million tons. Of the $600 million trade volume, 2.085 million tons were exported, with an export value of $4.69 billion. Aquatic products have become the main products to earn foreign exchange by exporting agricultural products, especially aquaculture. Six famous aquatic products, such as eel, prawn, shellfish, tilapia, large yellow croaker and river crab, have high popularity and competitiveness in the international market.
(4)
The protection of fishery resources and ecological environment has been increasing. With the development of industry, the government of China has paid more attention to the protection of fishery resources and ecological environment, implemented a strict system of closed and closed fishing periods, strictly controlled fishing intensity, and reduced fishing boats on a large scale, which has had a positive impact on the protection of resources and ecological environment. Since 1995, the China government has fully implemented the summer fishing moratorium in the East Yellow Sea, and since 1999, it has extended the summer fishing moratorium to the South China Sea. At present, China's coastal areas have fully implemented the summer fishing moratorium for 2-3 months. There are 1 10000 fishing boats, involving 100000 fishermen. The system has been implemented for 9 years and achieved good ecological, economic and social benefits. It has played an important role in the cultivation and conservation of fishery resources. Since 2002, the system of closed fishing season has been implemented for the first time in the Yangtze River basin of China. In 2003, the fishing ban was further expanded; At present, the fishing ban covers the main stream of the Yangtze River and the main Tongjiang lakes below the Jinsha River, involving more than 50,000 fishermen. At present, the main lakes in China have generally implemented a fishing ban system, and some lakes have been closed for half a year. Since 200 1, the fishing season in Qinghai Lake has been closed for 10 years. All localities have also stepped up efforts to investigate and deal with illegal business practices such as electricity, frying and fish, and strengthened the protection and management of aquatic wild animals. On this basis, all localities have also actively carried out the proliferation and release of fishery resources and the construction of artificial reefs; In order to protect fishery resources. It has played a positive role in improving the ecological environment of fishery waters.