In the upper reaches of Minjiang River in the northwest of Sichuan Province, there are mountains and water, and the water is swift.

The river bank here is high and steep, and it is rugged everywhere.

However, about120km south of Songpan County, halfway up the mountain on the east bank of Mianjiang River, there is a relatively flat site with sand and gravel, which is called terrace in geology.

Its area is only about 2 square kilometers, but it is enough to build some houses for travelers to rest.

As early as the early years of the Tang Dynasty, a small town was built here, named Yicheng, which was renamed Diexi after the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

After the completion of Diexi City, 1, more than 300 years have passed. In this remote area, it seems that the ancient city remains the same, and the mountains and rivers remain the same.

In fact, a drastic change was brewing, but people didn't notice it at that time.

1August 25th, 933, Diexi was extremely hot. At half past two in the afternoon, many people were still having lunch at home when suddenly there was a loud noise. Suddenly, the calm ground is like a boat bumping in the wind and waves. People are unstable on the ground and it is difficult to crawl forward. The house also shook and suddenly turned into a pile of rubble.

On the nearby mountains, I saw flying sand and stones, flying dust and covering the sky; After three hours of shaking, the dust dispersed, and it was no longer the scene where you could clearly see the earth's surface.

I saw that the eastern part of Diexi ancient city had been buried by rolling stones, and the western part collapsed into the Minjiang River together with the foundation made of sand and gravel, and a dam with a height of160m was built in the middle of the Minjiang River.

At the same time, two dams were built on the Minjiang River in the north, and three lakes were quickly formed, and the Minjiang River was cut off for 43 days.

It was not until 10 year10.7 that the river overflowed this natural stone dam and flowed away. Two days later, the dam near the ancient city burst and the lake disappeared, but the other two lakes still exist today.

There is a Longchi Mountain on the other side of Diexi Ancient City, and there is a lake named Longchi on the mountain, which is a scenic spot here. Now the lake has collapsed and dried up, which is another scene.

There is a silkworm mountain in the north of the city, which looks like a silkworm. A fault zone is created along the ridge, which descends from south to north, staggered up and down, exposing the northern half of the fault plane and visible thousands of meters away.

On the Pamirs, earthquakes have caused landslides on a larger scale. In a flash, a dam with a height of 600-700 meters and a width of about 8,000 meters was formed, and the earth and stone that made up the dam was estimated to be more than 6 billion tons.

Landslides in Pamirs Plateau

It was the night of 19 1 1 February 18, and a strong earthquake occurred on the Pamirs. The landslide near Murgab River collapsed and the dam was built. The dam has blocked the river, and the new lake is expanding its scope. The village of Sallez was flooded, and people later called this lake Sallez Lake.

Today, its area has reached about 50 square kilometers, and the deepest part is nearly 500 meters. The lake overflowed the dam, flowed into the Batanga River, and suddenly poured down, with strong water power.

According to the survey, if a hydropower station is built here, the power generation can reach 1 10,000 kilowatts.

On June 1897 and 12, the Asami earthquake in northeastern India caused the rocks and forests on the 32-kilometer-long ridge to collapse for a period of time, exposing the white sandstone inside. Under the sunlight, you can see what is happening in the distance.

The old Wudalianchi (333 17) in Northeast China is called Bird Neighboring Pool. It is located on the outskirts of Wudalianchi, on the upper reaches of Baihe River, a tributary of Namir River, and only 30.0km north of Xiaoxing 'anling. The Baihe River was blocked by basalt lava flows from two volcanoes, Laoheishan and Yamakaji, forming five beaded lakes.

The volcanic activity of Wudalianchi Volcano Group began from the end of Jurassic to the beginning of Cretaceous.

According to historical records, the latest volcanic eruption began in 17 19 (fifty-eight years of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty), and the record in Heilongjiang Notes in Qing Dynasty is more detailed: "In the southeast of Morgan, one day there was a sudden underground fire, and stones soared and shook the fields. After several days, the fire went out and the land became a pond. That was the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi. "

This volcanic eruption blocked the Baihe River, a tributary of the former Namo River, forcing its riverbed to move eastward. The river was blocked to form five lakes running through the Shilong River and became a string of rosary beads.

Wudalianchi landslide

The lake in Wudalianchi is clear, looking from the top of the nearby volcano, like a mirror, reflecting the sky and clouds, which is beautiful.

Jingbo Lake in Heilongjiang Province is a typical lava dammed lake with an area of about 90.3km2. It is formed by Quaternary basalt flow near Diaoshuilou, with a width of 40m and a height of 12m, which intercepts the outlet of Mudanjiang and raises the water level.

Jingbo Lake is surrounded by mountains, with dense forests and beautiful scenery. There are not only crater forests, karst caves and the remains of the Bohai Sea in the Tang Dynasty, but also "eight scenic spots" such as big arc mountain, small arc mountain, Pearl Gate, Diaoshuilou Waterfall and Jingbo Lake, making it a famous tourist lake in China.

The landslide with the highest death toll

365,438+0,970 July, a landslide occurred on the Haskelli hillside in Rongqi, Peru, causing about 654,388+0.8 million deaths, which is the most harmful landslide in history.

The landslide caused by the earthquake made Rongqi Town 10 villages and most areas buried by the collapsed mountain.

As far as the death toll is concerned, this landslide is one of the most serious disasters in the 20th century.

The expressway in Taiwan Province Province suffered a landslide.

3. 1km south of No.3 Highway in Taiwan Province, next to Madongshan District, Qidu District, Keelung City. At 3: 30 pm on April 25, the most serious landslide accident occurred on Taiwan highway, with an estimated total area of 600,000 cubic meters. About two football fields and five or six floors of earth poured down from west to east, covering the expressway, and all three lanes were blocked from south to north.

Keelung Fire Department Service Center 1 19 received a report from the public on the night of the landslide. In addition to the family of Ye Man Zhu Mao, there are four suspicious missing vehicles.

Including 1 taxi, 1 van and 3 minibuses.

The Taiwan authorities announced a 24-hour shift excavation to save people.

Mao Zhiguo, the "Minister of Communications" of Taiwan authorities, said in the briefing that from the aerial photos, the collapse site was the whole hillside sliding down, and the sliding degree was very similar to that of the mountain during the 92/Kloc-0 earthquake. It is judged that the toe of the slope was dug during the construction of the expressway, and other conditions led to collapse.

But it is not so much a landslide as a landslide of the earth's crust.