Fishing and hunting culture, based on fishing and hunting economy, is an important feature of the nation, a historical and realistic basis for the existence of the nation, and a cultural achievement or civilization accumulation created by people of all ethnic groups in productive labor and social practice. It is stored in today's life in various forms, or manifested as a material carrier or a spiritual carrier, such as abstract thinking form, religious belief, national psychology, behavior norms, value orientation, customs and habits, etc. [1] As the original survival skill of our ancestors, fishing and hunting have evolved into spiritual enjoyment beyond material things. This is a sacrifice to ancestors and a return to life. There are records of fishing and hunting in ancient Chinese characters. "There are Jiayu in Xiao Yanan": "There are Jiayu in the south, so cover it. The gentleman has wine, and the guest style is Yan Le Yi. " Chen Men: "If he eats fish, he will swim in the river. If you marry a wife, it must be ginger. " Yuefu Jiangnan song: Jiangnan can pick lotus, why bring lotus leaves, and fish play between lotus leaves. Fish hits the lotus leaf east, fish hits the lotus leaf west, fish hits the lotus leaf south, and fish hits the lotus leaf north. Fish swimming in The Book of Songs and Yuefu has long been deeply deposited in the memory of the Chinese nation in the form of fish prose, fish painting and fish custom, and has been interpreted as a unique "fish" culture. Fish has also become a metaphor closely related to love and beauty, auspiciousness and harmony. In ancient poetry, "fish" is often used as a metaphor, or "fish" as a rise. Chen Feng Hengmen: "Under Hengmen, you can stay overnight. Secreting water can make you hungry. If he eats fish, he will swim in the river. Married is ginger. Eating fish is the carp in the river, and marrying a wife is the son of Song. " Fish is a metaphor for lovers and love. It is better to marry than to eat fish. "Feng Wei said people" "The river is flowing and the north is alive. If you apply, you will get rich. " Fishing is a metaphor for getting married. In Feng Wei's bamboo, fishing is a metaphor for courtship. Getting a wife with a net fish, losing a wife with a broken net, and courtship with fishing are commonly used metaphors in later works. Primitive people painted fish on pottery, while the ancients gave each other fish as a gift, painted fish every year, and entertained guests to eat fish in the New Year in order to "have fish (surplus) every year"; "Fish and water are deep" means harmonious interpersonal relationships, and "caring for each other" means that fish and people have been integrated in more times. [2] Fishing and Hunting Culture —— The typical representative of fishing and hunting culture in Angangxi Site was found in the late 1920s in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. It consists of 22 sites and 17 sites, with a total of 39 sites. 1930, Liang Siyong, a famous archaeologist in China, made the first archaeological excavation of the Five Blessingg site in Ang Ang Creek, cleaned up a tomb, and unearthed hundreds of stone tools, pottery, bone artifacts and other cultural relics. It is recognized as an outstanding representative of the fishing and hunting culture and Neolithic culture in the northern grassland of China, and has the reputation of "Northern Banpo Clan Village". The excavation area of Tengjiagang Site of Angangxi Culture is 220 square meters. Nine tombs, nine ash pits 17, three ash ditches and one house site 1 have been cleared. More than 0/00 precious cultural relics such as stone tools, bone implements, pottery and jade articles have been excavated, and a large number of animal bones such as animal bones, mussel bones and fish bones have been unearthed. [3] Fishing and Hunting Culture-Hezhe fishing and hunting culture has a long history and unique Hezhe minority fishing and hunting culture in the fertile black land of Sanjiang Plain formed by the impact of Heilongjiang, Songhua and Wusuli rivers in northeast China. Hezhe nationality is one of the smallest nationalities in the world, with about 4,000 people in China, second only to Barrow minority in China. Fishing and hunting have always been the main source of food and clothing for Hezhe people. Hezhe people like to eat fish, especially raw fish. They not only eat fish and animal meat, but also wear clothes made of fish skin, deerskin and deerskin. This unique living habit, which lasted for thousands of years, formed the unique fishing and hunting culture of Hezhe nationality. Good natural environment and rich biological resources provide Hezhe people with rich products. Historically, Hezhe fishing was limited to their own consumption, and the efficiency of traditional fishing tools (such as traditional fishing nets, hooks, harpoons and boats) was also low. Moreover, Hezhe people believe in Shamanism, and have always been in awe and gratitude for nature, and have never abused nature. For thousands of years, Hezhe people have been living in harmony with nature. In the past hundred years, with the progress of modern science and technology, the traditional fishing tools of Hezhe nationality have also changed greatly, which has greatly affected the fishing methods and living conditions of Hezhe nationality. The use of modern tools has greatly improved the fishing efficiency, but it has also caused great damage to wild fishery resources. Coupled with water pollution, the total fishery resources are decreasing day by day. The traditional fishing and hunting culture of Hezhe nationality has also been greatly impacted. The reduction of fishery resources, coupled with the objective factors of soaring prices, makes it impossible for Hezhe people to maintain traditional fisheries, and many families are rapidly moving towards poverty. In order to protect the local wildlife resources, the government of China established a national nature reserve in Sanjiang Plain. After more than ten years of protection, the wildlife resources in Sanjiang area have obviously increased in species and quantity. Protection also means restrictions on fishing and hunting, and the traditional economic sources of Hezhe nationality have been affected to some extent. In order to cope with this situation, the local government has formulated a series of policies to help some Hezhe people change the single fishing and hunting production mode and make part of their income turn to farming. [4] Fishing and Hunting Culture-Yunnan Fishing and Hunting Culture Yunnan has high mountains and deep valleys, and the natural environment is very bad. In the harsh struggle of natural selection and survival of the fittest, all ethnic minorities in Yunnan carry out necessary agricultural collection on the one hand and fishing and hunting on the other. Fishing and hunting is one of the most primitive modes of production of ethnic minorities in Yunnan. In the long-term water fishing and mountain hunting, Yunnan ethnic minorities naturally produced primary martial arts offensive and defensive means such as boxing, kicking, scratching, jumping and turning. Later, I gradually learned to make and use stone or wooden tools as weapons, and made some fishing and hunting skills with bare hands and equipment, which proved and improved the skills of fighting and killing in fishing and hunting again and again. In this way, fishing and hunting are not only the seeds of martial arts of various ethnic minorities in Yunnan. Moreover, fishing and hunting is also a place to test Yunnan minority Wushu at any time. Fishing and hunting is one of the most primitive modes of production of several ethnic groups in Yunnan. Because it needs a deeper understanding of nature and more complicated martial arts skills, it came into being later than the collection. Limited by the geographical environment and social development, many ethnic minorities in Yunnan still used fishing and hunting, especially hunting, as their main mode of production until the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Of course, due to the differences in arid geographical conditions and human conditions, the fishing and hunting methods of various ethnic groups are diverse and have their own advantages. Fishing and hunting life not only greatly expanded the source of human life materials, enabling people to live in a wider area and under worse natural conditions, but also prompted people to invent various tools such as forks, nets, bows and arrows, green arrows, slingshots, javelins and meteors. In the process of studying the development of human society, Marx and Engels paid special attention to the invention of bow and arrow, a new thing in human society. They believe that the invention of bows and arrows has made people's arms stretch dozens of times or even twice as long as their ears, greatly improving productivity and greatly promoting the progress of human civilization. Since ancient times, most ethnic minorities living in Yunnan have used catapults such as bows, crossbows and slingshots for hunting and production activities. Especially the skills of archery and crossbow shooting, people pay more attention to it. Crossbows can be divided into ground crossbows, strong crossbows and poisonous crossbows. It is the most lethal hunting tool made of bamboo and wood. The crossbow is composed of crossbow body, crossbow arm, bowstring, arrow slot and crossbow machine. The difference between crossbows made by different nationalities is mainly the different forms of crossbows. The crossbow body is generally made of hard and non-deformable hardwood, such as yellow chestnut wood, red chestnut wood, autumn wood and green water wood. Crossbows are best made of cliff mulberry wood; The material and production of crossbow arm are the most exquisite, and the trunk texture should be smooth, straight and less knotted. After baking, it is cooked according to the traditional shape, bent and molded, baked again after molding, cut, trimmed and polished after drying. The crossbow machine is the key to whether the crossbow can shoot accurately. It can control the direction of the crossbow and is generally made of hardwood. The crossbow machine of the Lisu nationality is made of the hindlimb bones of cattle, and the Dulong nationality is made of bison bones or tiger bones. Crossbow strings are mostly made of cowhide strips and hemp ropes; The bowstring of Dulong is made of beef tendon, while that of Lisu is made of wild hemp. There are many kinds of materials for crossbow machine, including wild horn and hardwood. The crossbow arrow is generally made of hard bamboo and consists of an arrow body, an arrow body and an arrow feather. There are two kinds of white arrows and medicinal arrows. The so-called medicine arrow is a poison arrow, which is used to kill larger wild animals. It is to put a small iron arrow on the arrow and then coat it with poison. This toxic substance with arrows is called Omu by Jino people. It is made of the slurry extracted from Jatropha curcas, centipedes, scorpions and poison bee, and a plant called dog noise flower. Its toxicity is strong enough to make animals stick to blood and die instantly. The poison of Dulong is collected from wild plant Aconitum in Yadianyakou. Aconitum is as big as taro. After picking it, wrap it in moss on the tree, put it in a bamboo basket and put it with fine sand, which can be stored for one or two years. When in use, it is taken out, peeled, chopped and mashed, kneaded into dough, and mixed with tobacco oil or plant ash, with better curative effect. This poison will not lose its medicinal properties for a year. But after beating the beast, there is a circle of meat on the skin that is black, called blood sealing the throat; . Therefore, after shooting wild animals, the meat pieces shot by poisonous arrows should be cut off immediately with a knife to avoid accidental poisoning. Some ethnic groups use poisonous herbs, such as Aconitum kusnezoffii and Artemisia rupestris. Boil the thick juice and apply it to the arrow. As long as this arrow hits the prey, the toxicity will spread to the whole body immediately, leading to the rapid death of the prey. Dulong hunters are also equipped with quiver sewn with two furry raw bear skins, about cm long and about cm wide. The upper mouth has a cover and a belt, which is convenient to carry. The length of the crossbow body is one third of the length of the pipe string. Crossbows come in different sizes. For example, the big crossbow of Miao nationality can reach 1.5 meters long, and only three people can pull it apart together. The small crossbow is about 0.5- 1 meter long, which can be used independently by one person and is very convenient to carry. The tail of crossbow is made of bamboo leaf shells or feathers and cut; Triangle, its function is to keep balance and not change direction after the arrow is shot. In short, a good crossbow needs a finely symmetrical crossbow; The crossbow arm is smooth and bright; The crossbow string has even friction; The crossbow machine is sensitive and wear-resistant; The crossbow is straight, appropriate in length and light in tail feathers. In modern times, the hunting activities of most ethnic groups living in mountainous areas are carried out around the mode of slash-and-burn production. At the beginning of the year, after the trees on the mountain were cut down, the new tender grass attracted wild animals such as red deer, red muntjac and spiny pig, which was a good opportunity for them to hunt. In March and April, the cut mountain was burned, and wild animals grazing in the field and pheasants looking for bugs fled in the fire, which was a good opportunity for hunting. They can stay on the edge of the ground and wait for the opportunity to catch them. After burning the ground, wild animals and wild birds often go to the ground to pick and eat charred insects. Red deer and muntjac especially like to eat the ashes of vegetation, which creates special hunting conditions for them. In the autumn harvest season, in order to prevent wild boar, bears and other wild animals from stealing crops in the field, people set up writing, jumping and bending bows around the field, and often lie in ambush at night to hunt wild animals. In the past, people used it to cultivate and ambush fierce beasts. Tigers and leopards are Nocturnal Animals. They mostly sneak in the dense fog in the mountains during the day, waiting for planes to attack people passing by. Therefore, hunters often set up underground pipelines in their haunts to kill. The crossbow is located in a pit with a length of 60 cm, a width of 20 m and a depth of 30 cm, and is fixed with wooden stakes. A rabbit was tied to it as bait. When the prey reached out to catch the rabbit, it touched the bowstring, and the poisoned arrow hit the prey, sealed its throat and fell to the ground and died. Now, with the improvement of Yunnan minority life, fishing and hunting is no longer the main production and lifestyle of Yunnan minority life, but has become a martial arts competitive activity. At present, crossbow shooting competitions are widely held among the Yi, Miao, Lisu, Lahu, Yao, Pumi, Nu and Dulong ethnic minorities in Yunnan. The way of crossbow shooting competition is more colorful and has its own characteristics. There is a proverb among Lisu men: people who can't draw a bow are not people. Boys of this ethnic group practiced shooting when they were five or six years old. When you go out, you always have crossbows on your shoulders and quiver hanging around your waist. Most of their crossbow shooting competitions are held in the open season. Kuanshi is a Lisu language, which means New Year. The time is the same as Spring Festival, and it is held in November of the lunar calendar in a few areas. On this day, people will put on their best clothes, get together to congratulate each other and hold various traditional entertainment activities. On the third day of the festival, the crossbow shooting competition began. They put a large piece of glutinous rice Baba and a piece of pork of about five taels on a stake, put it outside their ears and pat the pork, which indicates good hunting luck and prosperity of six livestock in the coming year; Shooting Baba indicates an increase in grain production in the coming year. Everyone can shoot three arrows, and if they all miss the target, it will be out of luck. Before archery, the words recited are: December, January 30 of a year, to send away the old year and welcome the new year. The old moon has set and the new moon welcomes the sky. I wish the production development and the hunting success. At present, some places have formulated the formal rules of crossbow shooting competition, such as standing posture and kneeling posture. Each person shoots 5 arrows at a time, and the target is a ring target. Archery has changed from an initial production activity to a folk activity, and then evolved into a real archery sports activity. Nu people living in the mountainous area of Nujiang Gorge have an indissoluble bond with crossbows. Among them, not only men bend their bows and practice hard, but also women shoot crossbows. Like men, they have been equipped with pipes since childhood and use them to catch small animals, such as mountain rats and birds. Parents will make regular crossbows for their children when they are teenagers. Pupu in Nujiang River is also very famous and often sold to other places. In the long-term hunting activities, many people became archers. Some can shoot an arrow at a small copper eye, and some can shoot an arrow at a sharp knife, so that the sharp knife can cut the arrow in half neatly. In addition to archery and crossbow shooting, stone throwing, slingshots and meteors, as well as martial arts competitions or folk entertainment activities related to hunting life, are also popular among ethnic minorities in Yunnan. Through repeated fishing and hunting practices and the results of competitions, this fishing and hunting skill has been improved again and again, which not only promotes the further development of productivity, but also tests, enriches and develops this traditional martial arts activity of Yunnan ethnic minorities. When people's lives are no longer completely dependent on hunting activities, the nature of this traditional martial arts activity of Yunnan ethnic minorities has changed again. It has become a display and competition between strength and beauty, and it has also become a performance of skills and skills. The purpose is no longer to get wild animals, but to get the admiration of others or the love of girls.