Liang's name and totem:
Liang is a knowing word composed of water and wood, which means a wooden bridge on the water, plus a silent symbol. Represents pronunciation. The original meaning of beam refers to the wooden bridge on the water. It has the meaning of uplift, such as spine and top beam. The earliest Liang people were clans who were good at building big houses and palaces with wooden bridges and beams. Liang people regard skills and Liang as the primitive totem of the clan, and Liang as the symbol and name of the clan. The castle they built is called Liang Yi, and the nearby mountains and rivers are called Liangshan and Liangshui. Liang people build palaces and are good at building bridges for people to pass through. Their boundless merits are admired and valued by various clans and tribes. People who need Liang everywhere. They migrate widely, so they are widely distributed. There are also many place names, mountain names and water names related to Liang. Liang people finally established a country, taking Liang as their surname.
The origin and evolution of Liang surname;
There are two main sources of Liang surname in contemporary Han nationality: Yi surname and Ji surname.
The first is to win by last name. According to legend, Liang is a descendant of Shaowu, one of the five ancient emperors. Shao Hao clan takes swallows as totems, and winning is a variant and homonym of swallows, while Boyi, a descendant of Shao Hao, takes winning as his surname. Fei Zi, a descendant of Boyi, made great contributions to raising horses in the Zhou Dynasty. He was named King of Qin and the founding father of Qin State. His son Qin Zhong helped pacify Xirong and named Kang, the youngest son of Liangshan, as xia yang. He was known as Liang in history, and his hometown is in the south of hancheng city, Shaanxi Province today. By 64 BC1year, Liang took the country as his surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, some descendants of Liang fled to the State of Jin and became Liang's family in the State of Jin. Liang's family in the State of Jin includes: Liang Jie in the south of Shanxi, his hometown is in the southwest of Linjin County, Shanxi Province, and Liang Yier, a doctor in the State of Jin, is a Liang Jie; South Shanxi sorghum is located in the northeast of Linfen, Shanxi, and Dr. Jin is a sorghum. Qu Liang in the State of Jin originally belonged to Yongnian County, Hebei Province. Dr. Liang, a descendant of Liang, was born in Quliang. Liang, who won the surname, is the mainstream of Liang in contemporary Han nationality, with a history of at least 2800 years.
The second expenditure comes from Ji's surname. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Pingwang's son was sealed in Nanliang. The ancient city is located in the western part of Henan Province, and was later annexed by the State of Chu. His descendants took the city name as their surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Liang families in Lu. These are all Liang Ji. Ji surnamed Liang also has a history of nearly 2800 years.
Integration of foreign genes:
The third one belongs to a foreign family. After the Han Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were a period of great integration and migration of northern nationalities in China history. The genes of the northern and southern minorities also flowed into the surname Liang, which is the third branch of the surname Liang. This part includes the Yi people in the Han and Jin Dynasties, the Huns in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Tangut in Xixia in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Zhuang people in Guangxi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the Liang surname in the Eight Banners of Manchu in the Qing Dynasty. They lived with the Han nationality for a long time and gradually assimilated into the Liang surname of the Han nationality. At present, there are many Liang surnames in Guangdong and Guangxi, which has a lot to do with the integration of a few Liang surnames.
The distribution and migration of Liang surname in history;
Liang's surname originated in Shaanxi and Henan in the early Spring and Autumn Period, and soon spread to Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu. Liang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty crossed the river and entered the south of the Yangtze River. By the end of the Jin Dynasty, Liang had emigrated to Fujian and Guangdong. main body
There were about 430,000 Liang surnames in Ming Dynasty, accounting for 0.46% of the national population, ranking 53rd. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the national population growth rate was 20%, while during the Liang Dynasty, the population growth rate was negative, and the population decreased instead of increasing. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Guangxi and Shanxi, with Liang accounting for about 25% of the total population, followed by Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Fujian and Shaanxi, with Liang accounting for 565,438+0%. Guangxi Liang surname was very rare in Song Dynasty, and became the largest province in Ming Dynasty, accounting for 14.6% of the total population of Liang surname. In the past 600 years, the surname Liang in the southeast of Guangdong and Guangxi has developed steadily. In Song Dynasty, Liang was a big province in Shandong, but the population of Liang decreased by 70%. The whole country has re-established three Liang surname gathering areas: Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sulu, with the focus shifting from southeast to south.
Distribution and atlas of contemporary Liang surname;
The contemporary population of Liang has reached 1 1 10,000, which is the 20th surname in China, accounting for about 0.93% of the national population. Since the Song Dynasty, the population growth rate of Liang surname has been formed within 1000 years. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, accounting for about 53% of the total population of Liang, followed by Henan, Sichuan, Hebei and Shandong, with a concentration of 17%. Guangxi is the province with the largest population in Liang, accounting for 28.5% of the total population in Liang. The whole country has formed a gathering area of Liang surname centered on Guangdong and Guangxi.
Liang surname is one of the most common surnames in Guangdong and Guangxi. In Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, eastern Yunnan and southern Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places, Liang's surname accounts for more than 1.08% of the local population, and the proportion in the central region is as high as 6%. Its coverage area accounts for 7.3% of the total land area, and about 46% of the Liang people live here. In northern Guizhou and Hunan, central Jiangxi, western Fujian, eastern Yunnan, most of Sichuan, Chongqing and Hubei, Shaanxi and Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Beijing and Tianjin, northern Anhui, most of Shandong, most of Inner Mongolia, southern Gansu, western Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, the surname of Liang generally accounts for 0.54%- 1.08% of the local population, and its coverage.
Traditional culture of Liang surname;
Wang, surnamed Liang, mainly lives in Anding, Fufeng, Tianshui, Dongping and Langya in Henan. Liang is from Baoshan, Anding. The Tang names of "Guoyi" and "Baoshan" are Liang Kejia in Song Dynasty, and Liang Kejia is the right prime minister. His style is concise and principled. Whether it is his closest relatives, big officials or the emperor's minions, they all act according to principles, and good people are kept. Finally, he was made king.
Liang has four important couplets:
Trimester; Seven famous sayings.
Mei Hong case; Become a leader.
Willow garden; Yang.
Professor Shimen; Wu.
Family training: Liang Zhangju, a litterateur in Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of Qing Dynasty, was born in a scholar's family and served as governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Liang Ju's theory of educating children mostly comes from the words taught by his former housekeeper. He compiled a book Family Instructions with plain and sincere words. He believes that family instruction cannot be compared with preaching, opposes preaching, and advocates guiding the situation and cultivating people. He believes that the beauty of staying at home lies in forbearance, while the purpose of running a home lies in thrift. Educate children and grandchildren that "if a husband does not plow, he will be hungry;" Women get cold if they don't knit. Diligence tests life. He warned future generations to unite, and the collapse of the family was first and foremost internal division. "It's difficult to get married, but we live far apart, and there is no only reason. "He thinks that children should not be overindulged, otherwise it will be counterproductive." The rain is too wet and everything will suffer. "Li, curse male and female servants; If you love justice, it will be a disaster.
The historical celebrities named after Liang are: Liang Yier, a doctor of Jin State, Liang Mian, a disciple of Confucius of Qi State, and Liang, a doctor of Chu State; Liang Zhu, a celebrity in the Eastern Han Dynasty, calligrapher Liang Hu and writer Hong Liang; Liang Su, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, Liang Lingzan, a painter and astronomical instrument manufacturer; Liang Hao, Minister of Northern Song Dynasty; Kai Liang, a painter in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Liang Hongyu, a famous anti-gold woman; Ming Dynasty seal engraver Liang Yan and opera writer Liang Chenyu; Liang, a calligrapher and writer in Qing Dynasty, Liang Tingbanghe, a university student in Dongge, a minister in the Ministry of War, and Liang Huafeng, a magistrate in Jiangnan; Liang Qichao, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China; Liang Shiyi, Prime Minister of the Republic of China; Contemporary architect Liang Sicheng, forester Liang, philosopher Liang Shuming, pathologist Liang, essayist and translator Liang Shiqiu, historian Liang, poet and translator Liang.
Blood type of Liang surname:
The distribution of blood types in Liang population is as follows: O type accounts for 37. 1%, A type accounts for 27.8%, B type accounts for 27.3%, and AB type accounts for 7.8%.