Yantai has had apples since ancient times. It was called "Nai" before the Ming Dynasty and "Apple" after the Ming Dynasty. But at that time, the taste of apples was really flattering, with soft pulp and little juice, so they were also called cotton apples. The moment when Apple rewrote history appeared in11870s. According to historical records, in the early 1970s, an orchard appeared on a hillside southeast of Yuhuangding (now opposite Beihai Hotel). The owner of the orchard is Neves, a priest from America. When Mr. and Mrs. Ni Weisi 187 1 returned to Yantai from the United States, the gardening priest brought more than a dozen western apple saplings from his hometown of new york. Whether the American couple still tasted the fruits of their hometown in a foreign country or benefited the world according to God's will is unknown. However, it is an indisputable fact that Yantai and even China started the history of grafting western apples with local apples. A few years later, in the middle and late 1970s, the apple seedlings brought by Mr. and Mrs. Ni Weisi produced completely different fruits from the local apples. This kind of apple is big, thin-skinned, juicy, crisp, sweet and sour. As a result, the local people constantly obtained branches of western apples through various channels and grafted them with local cotton apples. Soon, at that time, a spectacular apple orchard appeared in the area of King Cisse and Nanshan in Zhifu. At the beginning of the 20th century, Tang Diangong, a young farmer from Shaoruikou Village, Fushan County, who often went to Yantai to sell agricultural and sideline products, passed by Guangxing Orchard and saw the unique apples in the orchard, so he came up with the idea of grafting foreign apples into his own orchard. Once, he passed by the orchard, cut off some branches while the gardener was not looking, returned to the village and grafted them into his own orchard. Three years later, they produced sweet fruit, which is the famous Yantai green banana apple. Tang Diangong cut down the branches of his own orchard and gave them to the villagers for grafting and cultivation. Since then, green bananas have blossomed everywhere in Shaoruikou village and once became the main variety of Yantai apples. The relatively peaceful period from the mid-1920s to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was the first heyday of Yantai apples. According to the Investigation Report on Fruit Tree Horticulture in Ahava, Yantai, Shandong Province, written by Professor Tang Quansheng and technician Wu Ruizhi on 1939, before the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, fruit farmers all over the country brought fruits (mainly apples) from their producing areas to Qishan, Yantai for fruit trading. At that time, there were 37 fruit merchants and warehouses on Yantai Street. After being concentrated here, Yantai apples were transported to all parts of the province by land and water, and the ancient maritime "Silk Road" was resold to Luzon and other places in the Philippines through Hong Kong.

According to the investigation data of fruit tree resources in 195 1 year in Fushan County, "there are more than 760,000 apples in Qianfushan County, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, with an annual output of 7.36 million kilograms." From then on, Yantai Apple began to go out of Yantai, to the whole country and to the world. War is a machine that destroys all outstanding achievements. In the next eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, the apples in Yantai suffered a devastating blow under the trampling of Japanese invaders. Take Fushan County as an example. By 1945, "there are only 5,000 mu and 250,000 apples in the county, and the total fruit output is only 12.4% of the total fruit output before the war." The birth of New China laid a solid foundation for the great development of Yantai apples, and the fruit farmers who became landowners replanted hopeful seedlings in their orchards. 1In the autumn of 953, Zhang Chengrui, a fruit grower and county model worker in Shaoruikou Village, Fushan County, achieved a high yield of 10000 kilograms per mu in his 1.83 mu apple orchard. On the day of celebrating the harvest, he and Chen Peitian, a fruit farmer in the village and a model worker in the county, agreed to select a box of "green banana" apples and mail them to the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao in Beijing to express their deep friendship with the party. Subsequently, during the four years of 1958, 1959, 1967 and 1968, Shao Ruikou sent apples to the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao in the name of the brigade, and every time the relevant departments of the central government remitted them in full, expressing their gratitude. 1968, Shao Ruikou Brigade received the remittance and also received a reply from the CPC Central Committee: Thank you, please don't send apples in the future. It may be that the relevant departments have considered that it is not an option to keep sending it like this. So, 1972, under the personal arrangement of Premier Zhou, from this year on, Fushan Apple implemented a "special offer" for Beijing and the central state organs. Now all kinds of identification are a dime a dozen. In that era when appraisal was not popular, "special offer" was not a gold medal, but it was better than a gold medal. This is a lofty honor that Yantai Apple won by virtue of its own quality. From the birth of New China to the Cultural Revolution, it was the second climax of apple development in Yantai. Yantai apple has not only reached a new level in area and yield, but also won a high honor. However, the following "ten-year turmoil" and the basic national policy of "taking grain as the key link" have sharply reduced the orchard area and the quality of apples. In the wave of "cutting the tail of capitalism", Yantai apples were once again devastated. Just as the "revolution" was in full swing in the whole country, and the scientific and technological personnel were driven into the "bullpen" to bow their heads and be criticized, our neighbor Japan crossed Guoguang and red bananas to cultivate Red Fuji, and the United States also introduced a new apple variety called Snake Fruit on the basis of Red Star, and quickly occupied the international market. The nightmare "commotion" finally came to an end. With the implementation of the contract responsibility system, Yantai Apple ushered in the third climax in the history of development. Fruit farmers who have the autonomy of land management regard apples as the first cash crop, and replant hope saplings on the contracted land one after another to take good care of the old fruit trees in the old orchard.

From 65438 to 0979, Yantai exported more than ten thousand tons of apples. In the 1980s, new foreign varieties were listed one after another, and Japan's Red Fuji and America's Snake Fruit competed to occupy the international market. By the mid-1980s, Yantai's apple export volume was only a few hundred tons. Exports can't go out, and there is a large backlog in China. Yantai apples have once again reached the crossroads of ups and downs. During this period, with the promotion of governments at all levels, Yantai apples changed from traditional varieties such as green banana, red banana, Daguoguang and Xiaoguoguang to new varieties such as Red Fuji (it takes about 20 years for foreign countries to realize this change), and fruit farmers with new orchards are full of new hopes. Yantai: Three million fruit farmers enjoy the trademark "Yantai Apple" for free.

In April, 2009, at the symposium on the management of the use of Yantai Apple Geographical Indication Certification Trademark held in Mu Ping, after the news came out, which was enough to surprise Yantai's 3 million fruit farmers, the official emphasized that having a "birth certificate" did not mean that everything was all right. To create brand brilliance, Yantai Apple should improve its management level and enhance its industrial advantages on the basis of strengthening the protection of origin.

"Getting this' business card' with high gold content is only the first step of the Long March." Zhao Peice, president of the City Apple Association, said. Focusing on how to make good use of the certificate of origin of "Yantai Apple" and make it play a greater role, the Municipal Apple Association decided to provide it to everyone free of charge after more than half a year of brewing: "All apple producers and operators in Yantai area can apply as long as they have passed the certification and reached the precise management standard of' Yantai Apple'." "Yantai Apple" is worth 8.097 billion yuan and has become the first brand of fruit industry in China.

65438+February 2009 65438+August 2009, 2009 China agricultural products regional public brand value evaluation results conference was held in Beijing. At the press conference of the evaluation results announced on the same day, the brand value of Yantai Apple in Shandong Province was 8.097 billion yuan, ranking first in the national public brand fruit category of agricultural products, and Yantai Big Cherry also ranked tenth in the fruit category with the brand value of181900 million yuan. 2007 China Apple Annual Meeting and Shaanxi Fruit Promotion Conference was held in Xianyang, Shaanxi.

Apple is the largest fruit variety in China, and China is the largest apple producer in the world. Over the years, China's apple production has increased steadily, and the high-quality fruit rate has increased significantly. Major producing counties (cities) vigorously promote regional distribution, specialized production and industrialized operation, and further improve the level of standardization and scale, which has made positive contributions to the development of fruit industry in China. According to the apple planting area, yield and weighted average score provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, China Fruit Circulation Association decided to award the top 20 counties (cities) with the honorary title of "Top 20 Apple Counties (cities) in China".

Yantai ranks third among the "Top 20 Apple Counties (Cities) in China".

According to the Regulations on the Protection of Products of Origin, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) reviewed the application for the protection of products of origin of Yantai apples and approved the implementation of the protection of products of origin of Yantai apples from August 28, 2002.

Protected domain

The geographical scope of the origin of Yantai apples is based on the geographical scope proposed in the Letter on Applying for Protection of the Origin of Yantai Apples issued by the People's Government of Yantai City, Shandong Province (letter [200 1]No. 186), which is the administrative area under the jurisdiction of Yantai City, Shandong Province (Announcement No.82, 2002).

Production technical requirements

1 natural environment

The area is located in the east of Shandong Peninsula, with Bohai Sea in the west and north, and Yellow Sea in the east and south, which is a mountainous or hilly area with four distinct seasons, mild climate, abundant sunshine, moderate rainfall and humid air.

1. 1 temperature

The annual average temperature 1 1.8℃, and the annual average frost-free period is 2 15 days.

1.2 sunshine

The annual average sunshine hours are 2658.4 hours, the annual average sunshine percentage is 60%, the annual average solar radiation is 5 154MJ/m2, and the total radiation of fruit trees during the growing period (March ~165438+1October) is 4340.6MJ/m2.

1.3 precipitation

The annual average precipitation is 735 mm, and the precipitation is concentrated in June-August, with an average precipitation of 443 mm, which is in the period of great water demand for the growth and development of apple fruits in Yantai.

1.4 soil

Brown soil accounts for about 80% of the total land area, with soft soil, good tillage and strong water retention. The content of organic matter in soil is about 0.90%.

2 Orchard management

2. 1 soil, fertilizer and water management

2. 1. 1 soil fertilizer

Orchard land is flat, the soil layer is deep, the active soil layer is more than 60cm, more than 3000 kilograms of harmless organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and the rest is supplemented by organic compound fertilizer. Base fertilizer is mainly applied in autumn, and appropriate topdressing is combined with phenological periods such as before flowering, after flowering and young fruit expansion. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per apple is 1.0 ~ 1.2 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 0.5 ~ 0.75 kg and potassium oxide 65438+. Rational application of trace elements according to tree nutrition diagnosis.

2. 1.2 Orchard grass

Planting clover, alfalfa or oat grass between rows can improve soil organic matter.

2. 1.3 moisture

Irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation are adopted to keep the relative water content of orchard soil at 60~80%. It is forbidden to use polluted water.

2.2 Flower and Fruit Management

2.2. 1 Cut before flowering

Prune trees with many flower buds before flowering, and adjust the ratio of flower buds to leaf buds to 1: 3 ~ 4.

2.2.2 artificial flower thinning

At the beginning of the inflorescence separation period, a stout inflorescence is selected every 20 cm, and all other redundant inflorescences are thinned.

pollinate

Bees, wallbees and artificial pollination were used in flowering period.

Fruit thinning

Fruit thinning begins 10 day after the flower withers and ends within one month. According to the strength of the tree and the number of fruit-setting, the suitable fruit-setting spacing is determined, which is generally 20~25cm. Choose a strong inflorescence, leave a central fruit, and remove all the redundant young fruits.

Fruit bagging

Bagging of apples begins 30-40 days after flowering and ends from mid-late June to early July. Before bagging, thin the fruit and spray fungicide. Remove bagging 20-30 days before fruit harvesting.

2.2.6 Pick leaves, turn over fruits and spread reflective film.

Immediately after picking the bag, a reflective film was laid under the crown to enhance the reflected light of the lower crown and improve the coloring of the fruit. Cut off all branches and leaves that affect the coloring of the fruit. After the sunny side of the fruit is colored, turn the fruit to make the shady side of the fruit all colored.

2.3 Pest control

Pests and diseases are mainly prevented, comprehensively controlled, and timely controlled according to the forecast. It is mainly used to control diseases and pests such as rot, early defoliation, ring rot, peach fruit borer and so on. Pesticides prohibited by the state shall not be used.

2.4 plastic finishing

2.4. 1 main tree

Free spindle shape: the height of the tree is about 3m, the crown width is 2~3m, and the main branch is 12~ 15, which is suitable for dense planting gardens with plant spacing of 2~3m.

Small crown sparse type: the height of the tree is about 3~3.5m, the crown diameter is 3~4m, the main branches are 5~7, and the crown is oblate, which is suitable for orchards with a spacing of 3~4m.

2.4.2 Tree structure

The spindle-shaped main branch angle is about 80, and the small crown sparse branch angle is about 70. Thinning is the main pruning method, which combines slowing, thinning and shrinking. When the spindle-shaped main branch is too long, it will shrink in time, and when the small crown thinning head is too high, it will fall in time. The number of branches per mu is 70,000 ~ 80,000 in the full fruit period, and the light transmittance of leaves in the inner chamber is 30%.

3 Pick up the goods

Timely harvest, handle with care when picking, to avoid bumping and stabbing.

Class 4 specification

See table 1 for grade specifications.

5 sensory characteristics

It has the typical characteristics of apples in Bohai Bay area, such as large fruit, high fruit shape index, bright color, thin skin, crisp and juicy flesh, moderate sweetness and sweetness, moderate hardness and fragrance.

6 Physical and chemical indicators

According to GB/T 1065 1.

Seven health indicators

According to GB/T 1065 1.

8 test method

8. 1 Grade specifications, physical and chemical indicators and hygiene indicators

According to GB/T 1065 1.

8.2 sensory characteristics

The shape and color are determined by visual inspection. Taste is determined by taste.

9 inspection rules

9. 1 inspection lot

Apples from the same production base, the same variety, the same maturity and the same packaging date are a batch.

9.2 Sampling method

According to GB/T8855.

9.3 Inspection Classification

9.3. 1 type inspection

9.3. 1. 1 Type inspection shall be carried out under the following circumstances.

A) Picking early every year;

B) The national quality supervision and management department puts forward the requirements for type inspection.

9.3. 1.2 Type inspection is all requirements specified in this standard.

9.3. 1.3 judging rule: if the unqualified fruit rate exceeds 5% in the whole batch of samples, it is judged as unqualified, and it is allowed to be downgraded or re-graded. When one of the sensory properties and physical and chemical indicators is unqualified, double sampling is allowed for re-inspection, and if there are still unqualified products, it is judged as unqualified products. When one of the hygiene indicators is unqualified, it is judged as unqualified product.

9.3.2 Delivery inspection

9.3.2. 1 Before each batch of Yantai apples leaves the factory, the production unit shall conduct ex-factory inspection. Only after passing the ex-factory inspection and attaching a certificate of conformity can they leave the factory.

9.3.2.2's delivery inspection items are grade specifications, sensory characteristics, packaging and signs.

9.3.2.3 judging rule: If the unqualified fruit rate in the whole batch of samples exceeds 5%, the grade specifications and sensory characteristics are judged to be unqualified, and it is allowed to be downgraded or re-graded. If one of the packaging and marks is unqualified, it is judged that the factory inspection is unqualified.

10 marking, packaging, transportation and storage

10. 1 logo

The sales and transportation packaging of Yantai apples should be marked with the product mark of origin, as well as the product name, variety, grade and specification, place of origin, packaging date, production unit, quantity or net content, implementation standard code and other contents.

For products that do not meet this standard, the product name shall not use the name containing "Yantai Apple" (including continuous or intermittent).

10.2 packaging

According to GB/T 13607.

10.3 transportation

10.3. 1 The means of transport shall be clean and sanitary, without peculiar smell. Do not mix with toxic and harmful substances.

10.3.2 handle with care.

10.3.3 during shipment, the batch should be clear, neatly stacked, clean and well ventilated. Exposure to the sun and rain are prohibited. Pay attention to antifreeze and heat protection, and shorten the waiting time.

10.4 storage

10.4. 1 Yantai apples shall be refrigerated according to GB/T8559.

10.4.2 modified atmosphere storage of Yantai apples shall be carried out according to ISO8682.

10.4.3 There is no peculiar smell in the warehouse. Do not mix with toxic and harmful substances. Do not use fresh-keeping reagents and materials that damage the quality of Yantai apples.